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The hourly average temperature and average relative humidity data of 260 meteorological stations in Chongqing from February to June in 2019-2023 were used to simulate the geographic distribution of spring potato late blight infection risk using the CARAH late blight model. The accuracy of the simulation was tested by using the late blight infection data of 26 monitoring stations in Wuxi county, Chongqing in 2022. Based on the geographic distribution of spring potato late blight infection risk simulated, the maximum entropy model was constructed using the climate grid data of the monthly average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, water vapor pressure and precipitation from February to June in 1970-2000 to analyze the climate impact factors of spring potato late blight in Chongqing, and to evaluate the climate risk of spring potato late blight, providing a reference for the prediction and scientific prevention of the disease. The results showed that simulations of late blight infection based on hourly weather data had high accuracy, with a false positive rate of 12.5%, false negative rate of 18.5% and TS score of 0.73. The mean area under curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was above 0.9, indicating higher accuracy of the simulation results. Precipitation was the dominant climate factor affecting the risk distribution of late blight of spring potato in Chongqing, while relative humidity and temperature were important climate factors. Climate variables at the seedling stage and bud flowering stage had a great impact on the distribution of late blight risk. The low risk area of late blight of each maturity(early/late) and susceptibility (resistant/susceptible) combination of spring potato was less than or close to 10000km², with an average area proportion of 10.2%. The medium risk area and high risk area were both more than 30000km², with an average area proportion of 43.7% and 46.1%, respectively. The climate risk of spring potato late blight showed a spatial distribution characteristic of "high in the middle and low in the periphery" in Chongqing. The high risk area was concentrated in the parallel valley area in eastern Sichuan, the medium risk area was mainly distributed in Daba mountain area in northeast Chongqing, Wuling mountain area in southeast Chongqing, and the hilly area in central Sichuan in west Chongqing, and the low risk area was scattered in the fringe of Chongqing. Spring potato production in Chongqing area faces a high climate risk of late blight, with significant spatial differentiation characteristics. It should be addressed through reasonable production layout and improved cultivation techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rolling Stock (1002-7602) is the property of Rolling Stock Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology is the property of Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

High-temperature and heat damage is the major agricultural meteorological disasters in southwest China, and it is important to study them to ensure rice production. Based on daily meteorological data from 351 meteorological stations in the southwestern region from 1980 to 2022, this study focused on the critical growth stages of rice (heading-milk grain stage and milk grain-mature stage) to analyze the spatial and temporal variations and risk of high-temperature and heat damage using the heat damage cumulative index. The results provide a theoretical basis for the rational placement of rice cultivation. The results showed a significant increase in the number of stations experiencing high temperatures and heat damage between 1980 and 2022 during two critical growth stages of rice, with the increasing rates of 6.4 and 4.1 percentage points per decade. Taking a decade-by-decade perspective, heat stress and damage were relatively light in the 1980s, with the total number of stations experiencing heat stress during the two growth phases being 16.3% and 7.8% of the total number of stations, respectively. However, the high-temperature and heat damage were more severe in the last 13 years, with a total number of stations experiencing heat damage accounting for 38.1% and 22.2% of the total stations. The year with the highest occurrence of high-temperature and heat damage during both growth stages was in 2022, with the total number of stations experiencing heat stress accounting for 51.6% and 37.6% of the total stations, respectively. The annual tendency rate during the heading and milking stage had inceased significantly in the southwestern region, mainly concentrated in the central and western parts of Chongqing, the eastern part of Guizhou, and the northeastern and southern parts of the Sichuan basin. Only a few stations showed a decreasing trend. The tendency rate during the ripening stage of rice increased significantly in most areas of the Sichuan basin and Chongqing. The spatial distribution of the number of days, frequency, and risk of high-temperature and heat damage during the two critical growth stages of rice were generally consistent, showing a high concentration in the northeast and a low concentration in the southwest. The high-risk areas of high-temperature and heat damage were mainly concentrated in the central and western parts of Chongqing, the northern part of Chongqing, the northeastern part of the Sichuan basin, and the central and southern parts of the basin. This study achieved a quantitative assessment of high temperature and heat damage, improved the fineness of spatial distribution, and provided more guidance for actual rice production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rolling Stock (1002-7602) is the property of Rolling Stock Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tianjin Medical Journal is the property of Tianjin Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nonferrous Metals Engineering is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

More and more attention has been paid to the ability (reliability) of microelectronic package components to work continuously and stably under harsh environment or specific conditions, and higher requirements have been put forward for reliability. Based on ANSYS finite element platform, the service states of different components of multi device PCB(printed circuit board) under temperature shock were studied. The components of different sizes and solder joints were modeled. The distribution of residual stress and strain under reflow soldering and temperature shock was analyzed through grid division and temperature load curve loading. The fatigue life of SAC3807 solder under temperature impact is predicted by Coffin Masson life formula. The results show that the stress of PBGA (plastic ball grid array) is the highest in the outmost solder joint under temperature impact. It is mainly due to the concentration of thermal stress at high lift and cooling rates» For QFP (guad flat package) and SOP (small outline package), the joint between solder and pin is the most prone to crack initiation, and the multi pin package has higher reliability when the pin spacing is the same. The fatigue life of solder joints under thermal shock load is lower than that under thermal cycle load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Engineering Management & Technology Discussion is the property of Omniscient Pte. Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nonferrous Metals Engineering is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Natural Resources / Ziran Ziyuan Xuebao is the property of Journal of Natural Resources and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bused on projectile-largel separation method, numerical simulation method of 3D deformable travelling projectile penetrating into a prc-drillcd target is proposed by using Forrcslal semi-empirical re­sistance via user subroutine of ABAQUS. The reliability uf user subroutine and simulation model is veri­fied. The influences of offsetting, incidence angle and angle ui attack on trajectory are unulyzcd. The re­sult show that Any inflnpiipf factor affects the trajectory and penetration depth. The pie drilled hole on target haft significant oriented effect for the penetration of travelling projectile. Under the combined influ­ence of offsetting, incidence angle and angle of attack, the pre-drilled hole on target has limitation in ori­ented function and a ricochet may occur under the condition of extreme imparl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]