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Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Distance Education (1672-0008) is the property of Zhejiang Open University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of New Architecture is the property of New Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Petrochemical Universities / Shiyou Huagong Gaodeng Xuexiao Xuebao is the property of Journal Editorial Department Of Liaoning Shihua University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology is the property of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology Periodical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary probiotic supplementation on protein synthesis and flavor compounds in lambs. Two experimental groups were randomly allotted for the 18 three-month-old crossbred ewes of Dorper × Small-Tailed Han sheep. The control group was fed a basic diet, and the probiotic group was supplemented with Clostridium butyricum at 5 g/head on the basis of the control diet (the viable number of Clostridium butyricum was 5.0×108 CFU/g). The pre-feeding was set as 7 days, and the feeding period lasted for 90 days. After that, the selected lambs were transported into the abattoir for slaughter, where the longissimus dorsi muscle was immediately dissected and weighed after slaughter. One part of the muscle samples were stored at -80 ℃ for the determination of enzyme activity and gene expression that related to protein synthesis, and another part was stored at -20 ℃ for the determination of flavor substances. Muscle weight, flavor substances, muscle fiber morphology, enzyme activities, and the expression of protein synthesis genes were determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The results demonstrated that compared with the control group, the weight of longissimus dorsi muscle in the probiotic group increased significantly (P<0.05), while the diameter and cross-sectional area of muscle fibers increased significantly (P<0.01), indicating that the probiotics were enhanced the muscle weight of lambs. The activity of branched chain aminotransferase (BCAT) and branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) significantly increased in the muscle of the probiotic group (P<0.05), indicating that the dietary supplementation with probiotics accelerated greatly the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids in lambs. The gene expressions of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), protein kinase B (Akt1), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p70 ribosomal proteinS6 kinase (p70S6K), and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4EBP1) in the probiotics group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), whereas, the gene expressions of forkhead box protein o3 (FoxO3) and muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx) were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the muscle ring-finger protein-1 (MuRF1) gene expression between the two groups (P>0.05). It was confirmed that the probiotics promoted protein synthesis, but inhibited the protein degradation of lambs, when increasing the gene expressions of Akt1, mTOR and p70S6K, and reducing the gene expressions of FoxO3 and MAFbx via the Akt signaling pathway. There was some influence of dietary probiotic supplementation on the composition and relative contents of flavor compounds in lambs. Compared with the control group, the content of hexanal, heptanal, nonanal, and decanal were significantly reduced in the probiotic group (P<0.05), whereas, the content of 1-octanol and 1-octen-3-ol increased significantly (P<0.05). Octanal, nonanal, (E)-2-nonenal, decanal, (E)-2-decenal, dodecanal, 1-octen-3-ol, and phenol greatly contributed to the formation of lamb flavor in the probiotic group, imparting fruit-like, onion-like, sweet, mushroom, grassy and rose-like flavors. Correlation analysis showed that there was a correlation between the critical flavor substances and protein synthesis-related indicators, in which the gene expression of IGF-1 was significantly negatively correlated with the (E)-2-nonenal, decanal and (E)-2-decenal (P<0.05), while positively correlated with the 1-octen-3-ol (P<0.05). The gene expression of Akt1 was negatively correlated with the (E)-2-nonenal (P<0.05). In conclusion, the addition of probiotics into the diet can be expected to improve the protein synthesis level of lambs through the Akt signaling pathway, which in turn affected the flavor of lamb. The finding can also provide a theoretical basis and reference to regulate the quality of lamb via the diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society is the property of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The monitoring and early warning index system of RECC in Gansu province was constructed by comprehensively considering the policies issued by different departments of the state. The weights were determined by the comprehensive weighting method based on AHPentropy weight method, and the warning threshold of each index was discussed and determined by referring to the existing achievements. On the basis of the above methods, the comprehensive index model was used to analyze the carrying capacity of resources and environment in Gansu province and the county administrative units from 2006 to 2016. The results show that: (1) The level of resources and environment carrying capacity of Gansu province in 2006-2016 was between 0.32-0.46, which was in the state of overload warning despite of the overall increasing trend. Spatially, the bearing capacity of Hexi region was high, followed by the southern and southeastern regions, while the central region showed a poor carrying capacity. Moreover, the carrying capacity of resources and environment in ethnic minority areas was lower than that in the core towns; (2) From 2006 to 2016, the resources carrying capacity of Gansu increased steadily, in which the carrying capacity of water resources and energy mines is at a relatively poor level. The carrying capacity in Linxia and Tianshui was in an orange overload state; (3) The level of environment carrying capacity in Gansu fluctuated greatly from 2006 to 2016, showing a "W"-shaped curve, and the environment carrying capacity was seriously overloaded. Spatially, the southern region and Lanzhou had better environment carrying capacity, while the carrying capacity in Hexi and eastern region was lower. The results show the serious resources and environment overload in Gansu province. Although great progress has been made in the ecological civilization construction since the 12th Five-Year Plan (2011-2015), it is still long-term task to ease the pressure and make continuous efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]