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[Objective] The present paper aimed to explore the effects of degradation of noxious weeds on soil microbial diversity. [Method] The microbial diversity was analyzed by using Illumina HiSeq 2500 high-throughput sequencing technology, and the effects of soil available nutrients and microbial diversity on the plant degradation of Ligularia virgaurea, Pedicularis kansuensis, Ajania tenuifolia, Morina chinensis, Elsholtzia densa and Stellera chamaejasme were compared. [Result] Soil available nutrients showed an increasing trend. Soil available nitrogen increased significantly in P. kansuensis, A. tenuifolia and E. densa (P<0.05). And Soil available phosphorus was significantly increased in L. virgaurea, P. kansuensis, A. tenuifolia and E. densa (P<0.05). Compared with the experimental groups affected by six kinds of toxic weeds, ACE index (1384.48) and Chaol index (1385,89) of bacterial relative abundance in the control group were both low, but had little difference from the highest values of 1392.71 and 1393.25. Compared with the control, burying six poisonous weeds not only increased the ACE index and Chaol index of soil fungal richness, but also increased the Shannon index and Simpson index of soil fungal diversity index, but the experimental groups showed different increases due to different treatments. The sequencing results of 7 groups of soil samples showed that the bacteria belonged to 24 phyla and 339 genera. The fungi belonged to 11 phyla and 282 genera. Compared with the control group, bacterial OTUs changed less under the decomposition of 6 noxious weeds, ranging from 1388 to 1392. However, under the influence of decomposition of 6 poison- ous weeds, the OTUs of CK was only 833, while the OTUs of L. sirgaurea was 1013. [Conclusion] The degradation of noxious weeds can increase soil available nitrogen and phosphorus, and increase the abundance and diversity of fungi, but have no significant effect on soil bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]