Objective To investigate the effect of self-made negative pressure drainage devices on the recovery of patients with severe facial trauma after plastic surgery. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 574 patients with severe facial trauma who underwent first-stage post-traumatic plastic repair admitted to the Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery of our hospital from November 2020 to June 2022. Among them, 277 patients in the observation group were placed with self-made negative pressure drainage devices after the operation, while 297 patients in the control group were not placed with negative pressure drainage after the operation. The Hospitalization period, healing time, complications, scar hyperplasia, the score of Vancouver Scar Scale(VSS), and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results Among the two groups, the hospitalization days of the observation group were (4.87±2.31) and that of the control group was (5.57±2.52), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The difference between healing time was of no statistical significance (P>0.05). The complication rate of the observation group was 2.5% and that of the control group was 6.4%. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). In the observation group, 15 patients with scar hyperplasia, the incidence rate was 5.4%, and the average VSS score of the patients with scar hyperplasia was (6.27±1.03), while in the control group, 33 patients with scar hyperplasia, the incidence rate was 11.1%, the average VSS score was (7.79±1.85), and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The percentage of satisfied, relatively satisfied and dissatisfied patients in the observation group was 66.8%, 26.4%, 6.9% respectively, and that in the control group was 58.2%, 25.3%, 16.5% respectively, with a statistical significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion Self-made negative pressure drainage devices can shorten the hospitalization period, reduce complications, reduce scar hyperplasia, and do not affect the healing of the surgical site after plastic surgery for patients with severe facial trauma. It is accompanied by a good prognosis and high satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]