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非致残性缺血性脑血管事件（non-disabling ischemic cerebrovascular events，NICE）包括短暂 性脑缺血发作（transient ischemic attack，TIA）与轻型卒中，在全部缺血性脑血管病中的比例及其流行 病学趋势逐年升高。NICE早期复发风险高，且存在低知晓率、低诊疗率、低住院率的问题。因此，进 一步改进TIA的定义，制定预防早期卒中的最佳策略显得尤为重要。近年来，随着人们对TIA和轻型卒 中认识的深入以及医疗水平的提高，TIA的发病率及卒中复发风险在发达国家存在下降的趋势。 Abstract: The percentage of non-disabling ischemic cerebrovascular events (NICE), including transient ischemic attack (TIA) and minor stroke, in ischemic cerebrovascular diseases has been rising as well as the epidemiological trend of it. High risk of early occurrence coming along with low awareness, low diagnosis and treatment and low hospitalization rate make it important to improve the definition of TIA and establish optimum strategy to prevent early stroke of NICE. In recent years, with the deepening of people's understanding of TIA and minor stroke, and the improvement of medical standards, the incidence of TIA and the risk of stroke recurrence have declined in developed countries.

非致残性缺血性脑血管事件（non-disabling ischemic cerebrovascular events，NICE）在我国具 有庞大的人群基础。NICE人群包括短暂性脑缺血发作（transient ischemic attack，TIA）、轻型缺血性卒 中、迅速缓解且未遗留残疾的卒中。其中轻型卒中和TIA患者在临床表现、临床预后和流行病学特征等 方面均较为相似，所以建议统一进行诊疗。考虑我国的经济发展水平、人群健康素质及面临的防治 任务，NICE人群是最为重要的防治对象，也是目前脑血管病的最佳防控窗口人群。 Abstract: Non-Disabling Ischemic Cerebrovascular Events (NICE) has a large population base in China. The NICE group includes transient ischemic attack (TIA), minor ischemic stroke (NIHSS ≤3 or 5), rapid remission and unimpaired stroke. Patients with minor stroke and TIA are similar in clinical manifestations, clinical prognosis and epidemiological characteristics, so it is recommended to conduct a unified diagnosis and treatment. In view of Chinese economic development status, public health awareness and current stroke prevention tasks, the NICE people are the most important target objects within the best window of prevention and control of cerebrovascular diseases.