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Bone organoids are 3D bone microtissues generated by seed cells induced under different environments using the self- organizing properties of stem cells, which are capable of highly restoring the bone microenvironment in vivo and simulating the structure and physiological function of bone tissue. With the deepening of bone organoid research, complex bone organoid models with different research biases such as bone formation, bone resorption and bone remodeling have been generated, which provide a powerful tool for disease simulation, drug screening and clinical treatment of osteoporosis, and actively promoting the integration of bone organoids with emerging technologies such as organoid on-chip and gene editing, which have far-reaching significance for osteoporosis research. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to introduce the research overview of bone-like organs and to discuss in depth the latest research progress and application prospects in the field of osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Condiment is the property of China Condiment and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Immunology is the property of Medical Periodical Society of Jilin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (Natural Science Edition) / Nanjing Xinxi Gongcheng Daxue Xuebao (ziran kexue ban) is the property of Editorial Office of Journal of Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Yellow River Basin (YRB) is an important ecological barrier and water supply source for the northwest and northern regions of China. Under the dual impacts of climate change and human activities, accurately understanding the water ecological environment of the YRB can provide technical support for environmental protection and high-quality development of the YRB. This article selected 121 monito- ring sections and four indicators, including water quality, phytoplankton, plankton and benthic animals from the mainstream of the Yellow River and its major tributaries of Wuding River, Fenhe River, Weihe River and Yiluo River, to evaluate the overall water ecological environment. The results show that the water quality of the mainstream of the Yellow River is good, reaching Class II standards, while the water quality of the tributaries Wuding River, Fenhe River, Weihe River and Yiluo River generally reaches the Class III standard. The comprehensive water quality index method shows that all sections of the YRB have reached a good level in different seasons, and some sections have reached an excellent level. A total of 136 species belonging to 60 genera and 7 phyla of phytoplankton are detected in the mainstream and important tributaries of the YRB. Compared with the 1980s and 2008, the number of species is decreased, but the biomass is increased significantly. In the past 15 years, the dominant community of phytoplankton in the mainstream and important tributaries of the Yellow River re- mains relatively stable. Four categories and 75 species of planktonic animals are detected, with rotifers (44.00%) and copepods (28.00%) being the main ones. A total of 72 species from 4 categories are detected in benthic animals, with a biomass decrease of 84.83% and 36.97% compared to the 1980s and 2008 respectively. The water quality and the status of phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthic animals in the ma- instream and major tributaries of the Yellow River exhibit significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity, and the overall ecological environment of the water is gradually improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Components & Materials is the property of Electronic Components & Materials and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Condiment is the property of China Condiment and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Metal Working (1674-165X) is the property of Metal Working Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Southeast University / Dongnan Daxue Xuebao is the property of Journal of Southeast University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to effectively repair and beautify the polluted soil and reduce the pollution of heavy metals, the cultivation of biological agents and two enrichment plants were combined to repair the lead soil. After 30 and 60 days of combined remediation with 400 mg / kg, the concentration of heavy metals in soil was decreased 19. 61% and 19. 48%, respectively. So the adsorption rate were increased by 16. 82% and 17. 83%, respectively. The activity of catalase was increased from 5. 6 mg / kg to 11. 4 mg / kg and 15. 9 mg / kg. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was increased from 45. 6 mg / kg to 88. 4 mg / kg and 93. 4 mg / kg, respectively. The activity of sucrase was increased from 4. 2 mg / kg to 9. 6 mg / kg and 9. 9 mg / kg, respectively. So the activity of urease was increased from 32. 6 mg / kg to 66. 3 mg / kg and 71. 2 mg / kg, respectively. The content of chlorophyll was increased 9. 16% and 9. 18%, respectively. The number of heavy metal resistant bacteria was decreased 21. 31% and 20. 27%, respectively. The number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes were increased by 97. 68%, 67. 63% and 210. 09%, respectively. The diversity and abundance of microbial community were increased 2. 7% and 2. 9%, respectively. The results showed that the photosynthesis of plants were enhanced. The adsorption and transport of heavy metals were accelerated. So were the enzyme activity, and the tolerance of plants to heavy metals were enhanced gradually. Meantime, the number of heavy metal-resistant bacteria were decreased apparently. And so on, the number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes were increased significantly. It was concluded that the plants and microbial agents could effectively promote the adsorption of plants to heavy metals and strengthen the repair effect, and which could provided scientific basis for the study of heavy metal pollution remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Condyloma acuminatum (CA) is a sexually transmitted disease characterized by proliferative lesions in the anogenital region, and its pathogenesis is mainly related to HPV infection and disturbed immune responses. Studies have shown that the incidence of CA is higher in women than in men? and the incidence of CA during pregnancy is higher than that during non-pregnancy. Sex hormones may be related to the occurrence and development of CA. This article reviews the association of estrogen and progesterone with CA, and discusses the possible link of estrogen and CA to the balance of Thl/Th2 and Thl7/Treg in cellular immunity during HPV infection, in addition to exploration of the role of estrogen and progesterone in the pathogenesis and recurrence of CA, in order to provide new ideas for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oncology is the property of Chinese Journal of Oncology / Zhonghua Zhongliu Zazhi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Condiment is the property of China Condiment and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), as an important instrumental analysis method, has been gradually applied to food safety analysis in recent years due to its advantages in fast detection speed, convenient instrument portability, high sensitivity and abundant fingerprint characteristics. Building on prior research foundations and integrating science with education, we designed an experiment titled “Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) for Rapid Detection of Edible Pigment”. This experiment aims to provide students with hands-on training in the preparation of SERS substrates, optimization of SERS detection, and the development and application of SERS-based rapid analytical methods. By engaging in this experiment, students will not only acquire essential skills in SERS rapid detection but also gain in-depth knowledge of cutting-edge techniques and cultivate their abilities in experimental innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Engineering Science Research & Application is the property of Omniscient Pte. Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gold (1001-1277) is the property of Gold Magazine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Condiment is the property of China Condiment and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Practical Electrocardiology is the property of Journal of Practical Electrocardiology Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To establish an animal model of autoimmune diseases with short-term exposure of PM2.5 and to investigate mechanism of "exposure time window" of PM2.5 on development and progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis （EAE） in mice. Methods: EAE model was constructed by immunizing 6-week-old female C57BL/6 mice with complete Freund's adjuvant mixed with MOG35-55. Clinical pathogenesis of EAE mice was observed everyday under short-term exposure to PM2.5. Mechanism by which short-term PM2.5 exposure affected disease development was assessed by histological analysis combined with flow cytometry. Results: Clinical scores of EAE mice showed that short-term PM2.5 exposure could significantly delay onset and development of EAE. Significantly reduced inflammation and demyelination were observed in central nervous system （CNS） of PM2.5 short-term exposed EAE mice compared to control group. Proportions of activated dendritic cells, macrophages and pathogenic Th17 cells in CNS and periphery of EAE mice short-term exposed to PM2.5 were significantly reduced, effectively inhibiting CNS and peripheral inflammation. Conclusion: Short-term exposure to PM2.5 environment has a certain degree of alleviating effect on condition of EAE mice, which may be achieved by inhibiting immune cell hyperactivation and inducing immune tolerance, providing a basis for elucidation of its mechanism and study of pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bearingless permanent magnet synchronous motor （BPMSM） is widely used in industrial production due to the excellent performance of no contact and no wear, However, to achieve accurate control of rotation and suspension, the key is to obtain high-precision rotor position to decouple tangential torque and radial levitation force. To ensure the stable operation of BPMSM in case of position sensor failure, a fault tolerant method of position sensor for BPMSM based on the separation of positive and negative sequence is put forward. First, on the basis of the mathematical model of BPMSM, the influence of sensor failure on the torque and suspension subsystem of the motor is analyzed. On this basis, a fault diagnosis function based on zero crossing detection is proposed to monitor sensor signal faults in real time. Then, rotary coordinate is introduced to analyze the characteristics of positive and negative sequence in single-phase hall signal. Rotor position is calculated by phase-locked loop, which ensure the phase of rotor position is consistent with the positive sequence component separated from hall signal. Fault tolerant system for position detection completed the switch from the fault system to the fault-tolerant control system, realized the normal operation of the BPMSM under sensor fault. Finally, The effectiveness of the proposed method is fully verified by simulation and experiment on a BPMSM prototype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the potential threats of overuse of antibiotics to the ecological environment and human health,the northern sewage treatment were studied in detail. While the residual concentration of erythromycin, the characteristics of resistant bacteria and resistant genes in wastewater treatment plants were detected by the isolation of microorganisms and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results show that the erythromycin concentrations are in the ranges of 7.5 ~ 86.9 μg / L, and their respective removal efficiency is low in the range from 81.4% to 89.3%. The concentrations of residual erythromycin-resistant bacteria in influent and effluent are 6.9× 105 CFU/ mL~8.4 × 105 and 1.8 × 105 ~ 3.5 × 105 CFU/ mL, respectively. Based on the correlation analyses, the proportion of single erythromycin resistant strain is 45.0%, double antibiotic resistant strain is 40.84%, and triple antibiotic resistant strain is 14.16% . The resistant bacteria also expresses different resistance to 6 kinds of antibiotics. Additionally, all antagonistic resistance genes are detected in the range between 1. 3 ~ 9.5 lg(copies/ L). The genes of ereA, ereB, mefA/ mefE and ermB are not detected in one single resistant strain. Among 26 strains of Sulfa + erythromycin resistant bacteria, 2 strains could not detect int 2,1 strain each Could not detect int1 and ereB. Among the triple antibiotic resistant strain, 4 strains could not detect tetQ, 2 strains could not detect tetX and int2, and 1 strain could not detect int1, mefA/ mefE and ereB. The results indicates that the erythromycin residue in sewage is high, and erythromycin-resistant bacteria has multiple resistances, which has an important influence on the evolution of resistant genes and has a corresponding relationship with antibiotic-resistant bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Condiment is the property of China Condiment and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard & Control is the property of China Institute of Geological Environmental Monitoring (CIGEM) Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Refrigeration Technology is the property of Shanghai Society of Refrigeration and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agricultural Outlook (1673-3908) is the property of Institute of Agricultural Information, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Signal Processing is the property of Journal of Signal Processing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Metal Working (1674-165X) is the property of Metal Working Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Progress in Earthquake Sciences is the property of China Earthquake Administration, Institute of Geophysics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)