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Based on the particle spectrum of floating dust, with the analysis of the scattering efficiency factor and scattering coefficient of floating dust particle size by Mie scattering theory; Monte Carlo method was used to simulate and analyze the effect of floating dust particle size and concentration on UV communication in floating dust weather. Finally, an experimental device was built to test and analyze the effects of particle size and concentration on UV communication performance in different floating dust weather, the results of which were then contrasted with the simulation ones. The results show that: 1)the scattering efficiency factor and extinction efficiency factor of floating dust particles show an oscillatory attenuation trend, and the oscillation finally converges near 2.07 and 1.14 with the increase of scale parameters, respectively. 2)When the floating dust concentration is constant, the path loss of UV communication decreases first and then increases with the increase of particle size, and the radius of the minimum is 1.0～1.5 μm. 3)During short distance communication in dusty weather, the path loss decreases with the increase of dust concentration and increases with the increase of communication distance and transceiver elevation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]