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旨在更全面、深入地了解橄榄油，对2010—2021年世界橄榄油的产量和消费量以及2015—2019年中国橄榄油的进口量进行了统计分析，测定不同品牌和不同等级市售橄榄油（特级初榨橄榄油、混合橄榄油和混合油橄榄果渣油）与9种其他植物油的脂肪酸组成和微量营养成分，并分析比较其差异。结果显示：世界橄榄油的产量和消费量常年维持在300万t左右，其中欧盟占比最大，分别为58.71%~76.68%和4873%~62.15%；2015—2019年中国橄榄油产量仅在0.5万~0.7万t，而消费量和进口量分别达到了3.9万~5.75万t和3.86万~5.37万t；不同品牌和不同等级市售橄榄油的脂肪酸组成整体差异不大，但微量营养成分存在明显差异，其中特级初榨橄榄油的角鲨烯、多酚含量明显高于混合橄榄油和混合油橄榄果渣油，而混合油橄榄果渣油的甾醇和总生育酚含量最高；与一级菜籽油、一级玉米油、一级葵花籽油、一级大豆油和亚麻籽油等其他植物油比较，特级初榨橄榄油的油酸、角鲨烯和多酚含量最高，而甾醇和总生育酚含量偏低。Aiming to gain a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of olive oil, a statistical analysis was conducted on the production and consumption of world olive oil from 2010 to 2021, as well as the olive oil import volume of China from 2015 to 2019. The fatty acid composition and micronutrient of commercial olive oils of different brands and grades (extra virgin olive oil, blended olive oil and blended olive-pomace oil) and 9 other vegetable oils were measured, and their differences were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the production and consumption of olive oil in the world remained around 3 million tons annually, with the EU accounting for the largest proportion, ranging from 58.71% to 76.68% and 48.73% to 62.15%, respectively. The total production of olive oil in China is only 5 000-7 000 t from 2015 to 2019, with consumption and import reaching 39 000-57 500 t and 38 600-53 700 t respectively. The overall difference in fatty acid composition among commercial olive oils of different brands and grades was not significant, but there were significant differences in micronutrient. Among them, the squalene and polyphenol contents of extra virgin olive oil was significantly higher than that of blended olive oil and blended olive-pomace oil, while the sterol and total tocopherols contents of blended olive-pomace oil were the highest. Compared with first grade rapeseed oil, first grade corn oil, first grade sunflower seed oil, first grade soybean oil and flaxseed oil, extra virgin olive oil had the highest contents of oleic acid, squalene and polyphenols, lower contents of sterol and total tocopherols.

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In the transmission process of gear transmission system of three-cylinder engine, there are great vibration and noise problems. Therefore, a rigid-flexible coupling model of gear transmission system with damping ring was proposed, and the motion characteristics and vibration suppression performance of flexible gear structure were studied experimentally. Firstly, a 6-degree-of-freedom bending and torsional model of the gear transmission system with additional damping ring was established by using the lumped mass method. Ishikawa formula was used to calculate the time-varying meshing stiffness of the flexible gear. The vibration response of the gear system with and without damping ring was compared. Then a special gear transmission system test equipment was built to test the acceleration and noise peak of steel gear and flexible gear at different speeds. Finally, a laser displacement test bench was designed to compare and analyze the micro-jitter of the gears under different rotational speeds, and the vibration reduction effect of the flexible gears was verified, and the theoretical model was verified. The esearch results show that the maximum acceleration signals of steel gear and flexible gear are respectively 35. 58 m/ s 2 and 20. 37 m/ s 2, when the speed is 1 000 r/ min. When the gear speed is 4 000 r/ min, the damping effect of the flexible gear is the best, the peak acceleration is reduced by 45. 23%, and the peak noise is reduced by 39. 06% . The micro-jitter amplitude of steel gear is obviously higher than that of flexible gear, and the change trend of both is similar. The flexible gear can effectively suppress the unsmooth and burr phenomenon of the micro-jitter amplitude curve of the gear teeth, thus enhancing the stability of the balance shafting of the three-cylinder engine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In order to systematically study the influence of valve body structural parameters on the flow resistance characteristics of the regulating valve, the model of the regulating valve body in power station was established by using the numerical simulation method. Combined with the orthogonal experimental design, the influence of different structural parameters of the regulating valve body on the convection resistance characteristics was studied. The results show that the influence degree of the structural parameters of the regulating valve body on the convection resistance coefficient is in the order of upper chamber radius > lower chamber height > upper chamber height > valve body half-length > lower chamber radius > middle chamber radius. Meanwhile, the optimization analysis of the inlet angle of the valve body shows that the smaller the inlet angle is, the smaller the flow resistance coefficient is. The optimal structure obtained after orthogonal experiment optimization and inlet angle optimization, its flow resistance coefficient is reduced by 19. 45% compared with the original structure, and the flow characteristic curve is more ideal. The research results can provide theoretical support for the structure optimization of sleeve type regulator valve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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【Objective】 To study the effects of foliar spraying phosphorus, potassium and boron fertilizers on broad bean yield, and provide a basis for the application of foliar fertilizers in broad bean production. 【Methods】 LX-17 broad bean was used as test material. 4 treatments, boron (B), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (PK), boron and potassium dihydrogen phosphate combined application (PKB) and no fertilizer (CK) were applied to broad bean once at budding stage, initial flowering stage and final flowering stage. The agronomic traits, fresh bean yield, dry bean yield, and seed quality of broad bean under each treatment condition were determined. The correlation analysis between each trait and the yield of fresh and dry beans was carried out. 【Results】 Both PK and PKB treatments increased broad bean stem thickness while lowering plant height and internode length. B treatment decreased the plant height and stem thickness when high concentration boron fertilizer was used, which was significantly different from CK (P<0.05) . All three foliar spraying treatments increased the effective branch number. PKB treatment increased the number of fresh and dry pods per branch of broad bean, decreased the dry weight of 100 seeds, and was significantly different compared with CK (P<0.05) . The number of fresh and dry pods per branch of broad bean decreased as the concentration increased in the B treatment, whereas the number of seeds per pod increased. B0.10 treatment had the best result. Correlation analysis of the yield and other indicators showed that yield was significantly or extremely significantly positive correlated with stem diameter, number of seeds per pod, number of fresh pods per branch, and fresh weight of 100 seeds. Compared with CK, PK and PKB treatments had no significant effect on the germination rate and germination potential of broad bean seeds (P>0.05) . PK treatment increased the first grade rate of broad bean seeds. High concentration of B treatment decreased the germination rate, potential germination rate and first-class rate. 【Conclusion】 Spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate, low-concentration boron fertilizer, and foliar fertilizer combined with potassium dihydrogen phosphate and boron fertilizer during the budding stage, initial flowering stage and final flowering stage could promote the broad bean growth and increase the yield. The combined application of 0.3%-0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% boron had the best treatment effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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