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This article delves into the establishment of Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), often referred to as the “Korean Caltech,” with a focus on theoretical physicist and educator Hogil Kim (1933-1994). During the 1980s, a period marked by a growing societal demand for universities to actively engage in scientific and technological research and development, Kim initiated the creation of the Yeonam Institute of Technology and later, POSTECH. These endeavors were sponsored by present-day LG and POSCO respectively. However, the realization of Kim’s vision for a Korean Caltech faced numerous challenges. Conflicts emerged with POSCO and its research unit, RIST, regarding the university’s research autonomy. In terms of what makes a university “world-class,” Kim’s vision lacked clarity beyond the pursuit of Nobel Prize recognition. Additionally, a nationalist perspective often eclipsed the international outlook. Nonetheless, the establishment of POSTECH represented a significant milestone, embodying a distinctive effort driven by scientists for scientists in the history of science and technology in modern Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to the increase in the use of radars in vehicles, FMCW-type radars are being widely used. Concerns regarding the exposure of the human body to electromagnetic waves by such vehicle radars are increasing. However, there is currently no standard for human body protection against FMCW waveforms in Korea. In this study, various types of FMCW waveforms were tested and measured to present basic data for human exposure assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mediastinum is the most prevalent site of extragonadal teratomas. Patients with mediastinal mature teratomas are usually young adults, and the condition does not show significant sexual differences. Mediastinal teratomas are mostly located in the anterior mediastinum. Patients are usually asymptomatic, although they can have several complications when the teratomas become large or rupture. Most mediastinal teratomas can be diagnosed using CT. Diagnosing ruptured or malignant teratomas is challenging because of their atypical clinical and radiological presentations. In this article, we describe various manifestations of mediastinal teratomas, with an emphasis on radiologic features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The clinical concept of coronary artery disease (CAD) has seen a paradigm shift over the last decade. CAD is mostly a progressive disease, and patients with CAD can develop acute coronary syndromes at any point in disease progression. In this clinical context, a new term, “chronic coronary syndrome,” was published in the 2019 European Society of Cardiology guidelines, reflecting the importance of early diagnosis and active management. Recent advances have been made in the evaluation of CAD using coronary CT angiography (CCTA). The clinical usefulness of CCTA in patients with stable angina or chronic coronary syndrome begins with the detection of early asymptomatic CAD. The characterization of atherosclerotic plaque and its role in determining treatment strategies for CAD have been demonstrated for all stages of the disease. This review describes the pathophysiology of stable angina to aid in the understanding of the clinical applications of CCTA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study explained the experience of volunteering activities and the relationship of subjective self-awareness in order to examine the social meaning of volunteer activities. For adults aged 20 or older, 312 volunteering experience and social support awareness were analyzed on the level of self-identity by allocation sampling method depending on gender and age. The analysis results of this study were as follows. First, it was found that those who have experienced volunteer activitiies have a relatively simple willingness to participate in professional volunteer activities and those who have experienced volunteer activities. Second, social support and self-identification were different depending on whether they have experienced volunteer activities. Third, age, volunteer participation, willingness to participated in volunteering, and social support were analyzed as explanatory factors predicting self-identification of research participants. Based on the research results, volunteer activities to positively promote self-awareness suggested the need to practice volunteer activities according to the life cycle so that social meaning can be given. As a policy suggestion, the need for volunteer activities was closely analyzed to enable healthy self-forming for well-aging from adulthood to old age to discussed the need for policies and systems to strengthen volunteer motivation as leisure activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to provide basic data to establish health promotion and chronic disease management education programs and educational plans for well-aging by investigating the educational needs for health promotion and chronic disease management by life cycle. This is a descriptive correlation research study, and collected and analyzed through a structured questionnaire targeting 330 adults over 19 years of age registered at Gallup Korea. The results of the study were perceived health status 3.11 points (SD=.72), health promotion behavior 2.27 points (SD=.47), and health-related quality of life 0.92 points (SD=.10). Health-related quality of life was found to have a positive correlation with perceived health status (r=.472, p<.001) and health promotion behavior (r=.122, p<.026). The priority of educational needs and contents for health promotion and chronic disease management was the highest in chronic disease management. There was a significant difference according to the life cycle (p=0.001), and it was found that the mature stage was more likely to be aware of the level of knowledge, the need for education, and the willingness to participate in education compared to the youth. Through the results of this study, it is necessary to develop a comprehensive customized program that is subdivided according to the life cycle when developing health promotion and chronic disease management education programs for well-aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores Maoist China's project of the "Integration of Chinese and Western Veterinary Medicines," focusing on how folk veterinary knowledge and practices were "scientized" and transformed into a new hybrid science called "Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine" in 1956-1963. Engaging with the literature on socialist science and the PRC history, it shows that a group of Western-trained veterinary scientists, veterinary cadres, and folk veterinary masters, or "TCVM pioneers," rather than the CCP itself, took a proactive role in this project. I also examine similarities and differences between the construction of TCM and that of TCVM, arguing that the demand that TCVM as an empirical, applied science must serve the socialist collective agriculture shaped the latter in a distinctive way. This article emphasizes that TCVM's therapeutic efficacy was "scientifically" verified through a particular experimental design that embraced both "Chinese" and "Western" elements. These findings urge us to see the history of science in socialist China without normalizing the Eurocentric and "diffusionist" narrative nor propagating the Sinocentric and Han nationalistic counternarrative. In this vein, this case study provides a way of understanding the "scientific," "Chinese," "modern," and "traditional" in the framework of global history of science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High forecast accuracy is required as social issues on particulate matter increase. Therefore, many attempts are being made using machine learning to increase the accuracy of particulate matter prediction. However, due to problems with the distribution of imbalance in the concentration and various characteristics of particulate matter, the learning of prediction models is not well done. In this paper, to solve these problems, a binary classification model was proposed to predict the concentration of particulate matter needed for prediction by dividing it into two classes based on the value of 80μg/m³. Four classification algorithms were utilized for the binary classification of PM10. Classification algorithms used logistic regression, decision tree, SVM, and MLP. As a result of performance evaluation through confusion matrix, the MLP model showed the highest binary classification performance with 89.98% accuracy among the four models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

‘Jangsuheukchal’ waxy corn was developed through single-cross by Gyeonggido Agricultural Research and Extension Services in 2012. The seed parent inbred ‘GMB0016’ was crossed with the pollen parent inbred ‘GMB0017’ in 2010. ‘Jangsuheukchal’ took 72 days to silking, which was 4 days sooner than ‘Miheukchal’, and ‘Jangsuheukchal’ was 195 cm in height, which was 12 cm less than that of ‘Miheukchal’; the occurrence of lodging was low in the new species. Among the ear characteristics, the kernel setting rate was very high (99%), and the grain pericarp thickness was slightly more than that of ‘Miheukchal’, but the sensory evaluation was positive because of the high amylopectin content and the fine ear appearance. The regional yield trials were conducted in four areas for two years in 2011-2012, and the density of fresh ears for ‘Jangsuheukchal’ was determined as 62,280 ears/ha, which was 6% higher than that of ‘Miheukchal’, but the weight of the fresh ears was 9,178 kg/ha, which was 17% lighter than its counterpart. In order to diversify the use of fresh waxy corn, the cooking properties of milled waxy corns were investigated and compared to ‘Mibaek2’, which was the main cultivar in Gyeonggido province in 2018. The grain yield per ha of ‘Jangsuheukchal’ was 5,600 kg, which was 12% less than that of ‘Mibaek2’, but after harvesting fresh ears, the grain yield per ha was 1,060 kg, which was 10.6 times more than the known cultivar. In addition, compared to ‘Mibaek2’, ‘Jangsuheukchal’ showed excellent processing characteristics in the cooking properties for milled kernels because of its light 100-seed weight, low protein content, and high starch content. Therefore, we report ‘Jangsuheukchal’ as a new variety, suitable for use as a fresh corn and possessing the cooking properties of milled kernels (Registration No. 6065). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mast is the highest structure in a naval ship, and various communication and radar antennas are installed to achieve long-range communications and line of sight. The U.S. and European navy currently are adopting integrated mast to their new ships, as it can reduce the Radar Cross Section(RCS) of the new ships and thus improve survivability of the ship. In this paper, when other navies adopt integrated masts on new ships, types of antennas, according to the cases that the antennas are integrated on the integrated mast or not, are analyzed. Also the types of antennas and transmission techniques for the radio communication equipments of the Korean Navy are analyzed in various frequency bands. For adopting an integrated mast on Korean new ships, the effects of the ship RCS according to the types of antennas, the possibility of integration the antennas and the integrated mast and considerations were presented [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The human impact of particulate matter are revealed and demand for improved forecast accuracy is increasing. Recently, efforts is made to improve the accuracy of PM10 predictions by using machine learning, but prediction performance is decreasing due to the particulate matter data with a large rate of low concentration occurrence. In this paper, separation prediction model by concentration is proposed to improve the accuracy of PM10 particulate matter forecast. The low and high concentration prediction model was designed using the weather and air pollution factors in Cheonan, and the performance comparison with the prediction models was performed. As a result of experiments with RMSE, MAPE, correlation coefficient, and AQI accuracy, it was confirmed that the predictive performance was improved, and that 20.62% of the AQI high-concentration prediction performance was improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When a film company decides whether to invest or not in a scenario is the appropriate time to predict box office success. In response to market demands, AI based scenario analysis service has been launched, yet the algorithm is by no means perfect. The purpose of this study is to present a prediction model of movie scenario's box office hit based on human brain processing mechanism. In order to derive patterns of visual, auditory, and cognitive stimuli on the time spectrum of box office animation hit, this study applied Weber 's law and brain mechanism. The results are as follow. First, the frequency of brain stimulation in the biggest box office movies was 1.79 times greater than that in the failure movies. Second, in the box office success, the cognitive stimuli codes are spread evenly, whereas in the failure, concentrated among few intervals. Third, in the box office success movie, cognitive stimuli which have big cognition load appeared alone, whereas visual and auditory stimuli which have little cognitive load appeared simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accuracy of extracting the azimuth angle of a target is significantly affected by the error in the mono-pulse ratio of the air-borne antenna hybrid mono-pulse Radar system. This error is strongly induced by the phase imbalance between the channels of the system. In this paper, a method is proposed for effectively calibrating the phase imbalance caused by physical differences between the RF channels from the antenna to the 180° hybrid. Through a flight test, it was confirmed that the accuracy of the azimuth angle of the target is improved by using the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability and simplicity of papillary balloon dilatation by retrospectively analyzing the results of performing concurrent papillary balloon dilatation in conjunction with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) in the patients with biliary obstruction due to common bile duct stones or a tumor who were difficult to treat with an endoscopic approach. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a total of 21 patients who were treated through a percutaneous transhepatic biliary approach after they were diagnosed with biliary obstruction due to a tumor and biliary stones in a single medical institution for four years from 2012 to 2015. Results: Sixteen out of 21 patients (76.2%) underwent percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage and papillary balloon dilatation. For 5 patients (23.8%) in whom it was difficult to perform the procedure simultaneously due to the patient's poor overall condition such as pancreatitis and septic shock, papillary balloon dilatation was performed 5-8 days after biliary drainage. Nineteen of 21 patients (90.5%) were successfully treated by a single procedure without residual stones or restenosis, but in two patients, stones were removed two times and three times. Conclusions: The use of a percutaneous transhepatic biliary approach to patients in whom endoscopy cannot be performed is considered safe and effective. In addition, unless the procedure is specifically contraindicated, the use of papillary balloon dilatation performed simultaneously with PTBD can reduce patient inconvenience and procedure frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation on the relationship between economic level, self-esteem and teaching efficacy first, and then to investigate the mediating effects of self-esteem on the relationship between economic level and teaching efficacy. The subjects of this study were 457 students who attend two collages in Incheon and all of them were majoring in early childhood education. The collected data were analyzed through SPSS Window program. Correlation analysis and Multiple regression analysis were conducted. Results showed the there were correlation among economic level, self-esteem and teaching efficacy. Also there were mediating effects of self-esteem on the relationship between economic level and personal teaching efficacy. As a whole the result of this study showed the teaching efficacy of early childhood preservice teacher were more influenced by self-esteem than by economic level. The implication of the result were discussed with the necessity of curriculum development to improve the student's self-esteem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A soybean cultivar ‘Yonpoong' which has safety high yield for double cropping system introduced winter forage crop was released by agricultural resource research institute of ARES, Gyeunggi Province in 2010. The goals of breeding were for large seed size, high yield, and resistance to disease such as spotting disease. ‘Yonpoong' was derived from the cross of ‘Suwon 191', which large seed size and high yield, and ‘Suwon 126', which early maturity cultivar, and short stem. The preliminary, advanced and regional yield trials for evaluation and selection were carried out from 2005 to 2010. ‘Yonpoong' has a determinate growth habit with purple flower, grey pubescence, brown pod color, yellow seed coat, yellow cotyledon, elongated seed shape, large seed size(28.7 g per 100 seeds). The maturing date was sept. 22. Tofu yield was similar to that of check cultivar ‘Daewonkong'. The average yield of ‘Yonpoong' was 3.34 MT/ha in the regional yield trials(RTY) carried out in Korea from 2008 to 2010 which 38 percent higher than the check cultivar ‘Daewonkong'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of the Thera-Band exercise program following total knee arthroplasty. Methods: The research design for this study was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. Participants were 30 patients for the experimental group and 30 patients for the control group. The experimental group participated in the Thera- Band exercise program in addition to conventional CPM (continuous passive motion) exercise. The control group received conventional CPM exercise only. Outcome measures were pain, knee flexion range of motion, CRP, and psychological parameters (self-efficacy and fear of falling). Data were analyzed using χ2-test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA with SPSS/PC version 21.0. Results: There were significant improvement in self-efficacy, and decreases in pain, and fear of falling in the experimental group compared to the control group. However, no significant differences were found between the two groups for CRP and knee flexion ROM. Conclusion: The Thera-Band exercise program gave an additional benefit over the conventional CPM exercise for patients following total knee arthroplasty, and is recommended for use as an effective nursing intervention for patients after total knee arthroplasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pump-probe scheme is used to analyze the cross-phase modulation penalty of a single-mode fiber in a WDM system. The pump signal is assumed to be a periodically modulated input like a raised sinusoidal. The periodic signal models an alternating bit sequence, and leads to an analytical expression of CPM penalty which is measured by EOP. The derived expression shows good agreement with numerical results in conventional single-mode fiber systems over a wide range of channel spacing, ∆f. In dispersion-shifted fiber systems when ∆f < 100GHz, the derived expression shows increased discrepancy with the numerical results due to the increased FWM. This is not a surprising because the pump-probe scheme is used to analyze system performance degradation due to CPM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Posterior root tear of the medial meniscus which is frequently unrecognized is a common injury of meniscus that often results in serious consequences in a knee joint. After medial meniscus posterior root tear (MMPR), there is a significant increase in tibio-femoral contact pressure concomitant with altered knee joint kinematics. This injury frequently leads to meniscal extrusion, and thus the transmission of circumferential hoop stresses would be impaired, which condition is biomechanically similar to that of total meniscectomy. For these reasons, several methods (conservative treatment, meniscectomy, repair, or unicompartmental knee arthroplasty) have been developed for treatment of MMPR, many of which have shown good clinical results. However, the methods of MMPR treatment are still debatable. This article presents a review of the current strategies for treatment of common injuries to these MMPR and clinical results of high tibia osteotomy for MMPR after failed conservative treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new soybean cultivar ‘Manpoong' for tofu soybean was released by ARES, Gyeunggi Province in 2009. The goals of breeding were for large seed size, high yield, and resistance to disease such as bacterial pustule. ‘Manpoong' was derived from the cross between ‘Dongsan 121', which has large seed size, yellow seed coat, and characteristics of superior tofu, and ‘Sprite 87', which has early maturity. The preliminary, advanced and regional yield trials for evaluation and selection were carried out in 2003 and from 2005 to 2009, respectively. ‘Manpoong' has a determinate growth habit with white flower, grey pubescence, dark brown pod color, yellow seed coat, yellow cotyledon, elongated seed shape, and large seed size(29.5 g per 100 seeds). The maturing date was Sept. 29. The content of crude protein, crude oil, unsat. fatty acids, isoflavone, total amino acid which affected the production rate of tofu was higher than those of the check cultivar ‘Taekwangkong'. The production rate of tofu was 15 percent higher than the check cultivar ‘Taekwangkong'. The average yield of ‘Manpoong' was 2.87 MT/ha in the regional yield trials(RYT) carried out in two location at double cropping system in Korea from 2007 to 2009, which was 12 percent higher than the check cultivar ‘Taekwangkong'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The soybean cultivar ‘Gangpoong’ was developed for soy-paste and tofu. Suwon 223 and SS 00419 were crossed in 1999 and their progenies were selected from F3 to F5 using the pedigree method. Preliminary yield (PYT) and advanced yield (AYT) trials were conducted from 2008 to 2010, and regional yield trials (RYT) were conducted at three locations from 2011 to 2013. In RYT, ‘Gangpoong’ was stable in variable environments. ‘Gangpoong’ was determinate, with white flowers, yellow elongated spherical seeds, and a light brown hilum. The flowering and maturity dates were July 27 and October 8, respectively. The plant height was 67 cm shorter than that of ‘Daewonkong’ (81 cm, standard cultivar). ‘Gangpoong’ had fewer node numbers (16) than that of ‘Daewonkong (18) and had a heaver seed weight (30.1 g/100-seed weight) than that of ‘Daewonkong (26.0 g/100-seed weight)’. ‘Gangpoong’ showed lodging tolerance. The tofu yield of ‘Gangpoong’ was 213%, and the physical characteristics of tofu were similar to those of ‘Daewonkong (208%, standard cultivar)’. The soybean malt scent and fermented soybean yield of ‘Gangpoong’ were 2 and 105%, respectively. The yield in adaptable regions was 3.4 MT/ha, which was 14% higher than that of ‘Daewonkong’. Therefore, ‘Gangpoong’ could be cultivated and used widely for soy-paste and tofu in the near future (Registration number: 5932). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

‘Jungdream’ is an early maturing, high-quality rice cultivar developed in 2017 by the crop breeding team at Crop Research Division, GARES, Hwaseong, Korea. ‘Jungdream’ was first developed in 2008 from crossing a medium-late maturity cultivar ‘Chilbo’ and an early maturity cultivar ‘Ungwang’. The heading date of this cultivar is July 28 th in the Gyeonggido Province. Its culm length is 63 cm, and it has 19 panicles per hill and 82 spikelets per panicle. It is a medium-small grain brown rice cultivar with a 1000-grain weight of 20.6 g. Its cold tolerance is lower than that of ‘Hwaseong’, which is the standard cultivar in the central region, as is its degree of lodging tolerance. ‘Jungdream’ is resistant to rice blast and stripe virus diseases but is susceptible to bacterial leaf blight and other viral diseases and pests. The appearance of milled ‘Jungdream’ rice is clear, and its amylose content is 16.5%, which is lower than that of ‘Hwaseong’. The palatability of cooked ‘Jungdream’ rice is better than that of ‘Chucheong’, which is the main cultivated crop in Gyeonggido. Its milling ratio is 75.0%, which is lower than that of ‘Hwaseong’. The yield of milled ‘Jungdream’ rice was 5.42 MT/ha in the local adaptability tests during standard cultivation in four regions from 2015 to 2017. ‘Jungdream’ is highly adaptable to the environmental conditions in the Gyeonggido Province (Registration No. 8236). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

‘Gawagi1’ is an early maturing, low amylose rice variety with a medium to short culm, developed by Gyeonggi-Do Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Hwaseong, Korea in 2016. ‘Gawagi1’ was derived from the cross between ‘Baegjinju’ and ‘Sangmibyeo’ in 2004. Heading date was 4th of August 15 day earlier than ‘Baegjinju’ in Gyeonggido. The culm length was 67 cm. It had 15 panicles per hill and 104 spikelets per panicle. It is a medium-grain variety whose 1,000 grains weight of brown rice is 19.3 g. The protein content of milled rice was 6.3%, which is higher than that of ‘Baegjinju’ and its amylose content was 8.2% which is lower than that of ‘Baegjinju’. Its milling ratio is 75.5%, which is higher than that of ‘Baegjinju’. The yield of milled rice was 4.99 MT/ha under the standard cultivation practices at the local adaptability tests in 3 regions from 2014 to 2016. ‘Gawagi1’ is highly adaptable to Gyeonggido, especially to the northern region of Han River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new soybean variety, ‘Joongmo 3009' (Milyang 222) was developed at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2012. ‘Joongmo 3009' was released by pedigree selection from the cross between ‘Cheongja 2(Milyang 121)' and ‘Daemangkong'. It has determinate growth habit, white flower, brown pubescence, brown pod color, green seed coat, green cotyledon, spherical seed shape, oval leaf shape and large seed size (29.3 grams per 100 seeds). It was late 16 days in maturing date than the check cultivar ‘Cheongjakong'. The average yield of ‘Joongmo 3009' was 2.91 ton per hectare, which was higher 36 percentage than the check variety, in the regional yield trials carried out in three adaptable locations of Korea from 2010 to 2012. The number of breeder's right is ‘5474' [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A soybean cultivar for tofu, ‘Saedanbaek', was developed from the cross between ‘MD87L' with high protein content and ‘SS99237 (Pokwangkong/Suwon193)' with good seed performance and high yield by National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2010. ‘SS99237-45-2-3-1' was selected by pedigree selection and designated as the name of ‘Milyang 192'. It was prominent and had good result from regional adaptation yield trials (RYT) for three years from 2008 to 2010 and released as the name of ‘Saedanbaek'. It has a determinate growth habit, white flower, grey pubescence, yellow seed coat, spherical seed shape and medium seed (20.7 grams per 100 seeds). ‘Saedanbaek' has high content in protein (48.2%), and shows excellent result for making tofu. ‘Saedanbaek' was resistant to bacterial pustule and moderately resistant to soybean mosaic virus, the major soybean diseases in Korea. The average yield of ‘Saedanbaek' was 2.28 ton per hectare in the regional yield trials carried out for three years from 2008 to 2010. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]