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The presence of oxygen vacancies (Vo) in electrocatalysts plays a significant role in improving the selectivity and activity of CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). In this study, 1D material with large surface area is utilized to enable uniform Vo formation on the catalyst. 1D structured indium selenoiodide (InSeI) is synthesized and used as an electrocatalyst for the conversion of CO2 to formate. The electrochemical treatment of InSeI leads to the leaching of Se and I from the catalyst surface and the formation of Vo. The resulting Vo promotes the activity of the CO2RR, which increases the local pH of the catalyst surface and chemically maintains the oxidized metal sites on the catalyst. Owing to these characteristics, activated In wire exhibited remarkable CO2RR activity, thereby surpassing 93% FEformate at 500 mA cm−2, with a maximum of 97.3% FEformate at 100 mA cm−2. Moreover, the catalytic activity remained consistent for over 50 h at 100 mA cm−2 (FEformate >88%). Thus, the findings imply that using 1D materials can facilitate the formation of oxygen vacancies on the catalyst surface and improve the selectivity and durability of CO2RR. This indicates the potential for further research on 1D materials as electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lattice geometry of natural materials and the structural geometry of artificial materials are crucial factors determining their physical properties. Most materials have predetermined geometries that lead to fixed physical characteristics. Here, the demonstration of a carbon nanotube network serves as an example of a system with controllable orientation achieving on‐demand optical properties. Such a network allows programming their optical response depending on the orientation of the constituent carbon nanotubes and leads to the switching of its dielectric tensor from isotropic to anisotropic. Furthermore, it also allows for the achievement of wavelength‐dispersion for their principal optical axes – a recently discovered phenomenon in van der Waals triclinic crystals. The results originate from two unique carbon nanotubes features: uniaxial anisotropy from the well‐defined cylindrical geometry and the intersection interaction among individual carbon nanotubes. The findings demonstrate that shaping the relative orientations of carbon nanotubes or other quasi‐one‐dimensional materials of cylindrical symmetry within a network paves the way to a universal method for the creation of systems with desired optical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1D nanomaterials have attracted great attention due to their outstanding anisotropic and linear structures. A facile method is developed to fabricate 1D copper metal–organic framework nanowires (Cu‐MOF‐NW) through steam‐assisted conversion from Cu‐MOF precursors. During the steam‐assisted conversion, Cu‐MOF precursor gradually dissolves in methanol steam, and then recrystallized into Cu‐MOF‐NW, which shows high aspect ratio of about 600 and identical crystal structure of MOF‐74. As‐prepared Cu‐MOF‐NW with multiscale porous structure can effectively remove cationic dyes even in dye mixture. Moreover, Cu‐MOF‐NW, as an ideal template, is calcined to form Cu nanoparticle‐doped carbon nanofiber with maintaining its 1D morphology, which shows excellent electrocatalytic activity for the non‐enzymatic sensing of glucose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic materials in reduced dimensions are not only excellent platforms for fundamental studies of magnetism, but they play crucial roles in technological advances. The discovery of intrinsic magnetism in monolayer 2D van der Waals systems has sparked enormous interest, but the single-chain limit of 1D magnetic van der Waals materials has been largely unexplored. This paper reports on a family of 1D magnetic van der Waals materials with composition MX3 (M = Cr, V, and X = Cl, Br, I), prepared in fully-isolated fashion within the protective cores of carbon nanotubes. Atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy identifies unique structures that differ from the well-known 2D honeycomb lattice MX3 structure. Density functional theory calculations reveal charge-driven reversible magnetic phase transitions.

Thermal rectification devices, which facilitate preferential heat flow in a singular direction, stands as pivotal tools in the realization of solid‐state thermal circuits. 1D atomic chains, exhibit heightened thermal rectification efficiency owing to their exceptional directional heat conduction properties. These will find widespread utility in many applications, encompassing areas such as cooling, energy harvesting, and thermal isolation systems. However, unlike quasi‐1D materials, the intrinsic anisotropic heat transport in true‐1D atomic chains is yet to be systematically studied. Herein, the origins of the anisotropic heat transfer in three representative 1D structures (TaSe3 and BaTiS3 marked as quasi‐1D, MoI3 labeled as true‐1D) is first investigated by integrating a first‐principles density functional theory‐based framework of two‐channel heat conduction model. In contrast to quasi‐1D, MoI3 exhibits a giant anisotropy of lattice thermal conductivity (κL) in chain‐ and cross chain‐directions with a high ratio up to ≈20, which far exceeds the previous report for HfTe5 and ZrTe5. Such unique heat transfer reveals comprehensively by charge‐sharing and transferred charges, p‐‐d orbital hybridization and Young's modulus changes, induces an exceptionally large anisotropy. This study presents a high‐performance implementation of thermal rectification designed to regulate directional heat current, demonstrating its potential applicability in solid‐state thermal circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The lattice geometry of natural materials and the structural geometry of artificial materials are crucial factors determining their physical properties. Most materials have predetermined geometries that lead to fixed physical characteristics. Here, the demonstration of a carbon nanotube network serves as an example of a system with controllable orientation achieving on‐demand optical properties. Such a network allows programming their optical response depending on the orientation of the constituent carbon nanotubes and leads to the switching of its dielectric tensor from isotropic to anisotropic. Furthermore, it also allows for the achievement of wavelength‐dispersion for their principal optical axes – a recently discovered phenomenon in van der Waals triclinic crystals. The results originate from two unique carbon nanotubes features: uniaxial anisotropy from the well‐defined cylindrical geometry and the intersection interaction among individual carbon nanotubes. The findings demonstrate that shaping the relative orientations of carbon nanotubes or other quasi‐one‐dimensional materials of cylindrical symmetry within a network paves the way to a universal method for the creation of systems with desired optical properties.

Low-dimensional multiferroic metals characterized by the simultaneous coexistence of ferroelectricity, conductivity, and magnetism hold tremendous potential for scientific and technological endeavors. However, the mutually exclusive mechanisms among these properties impede the discovery of multifunctional conducting multiferroics, especially at the atomic-scale. Here, based on first-principles calculations, we design and demonstrate intrinsic one-dimensional (1D) ferroelectrics and carrier doping-induced metallic multiferroics in an atomic WOF4 wire. The WOF4 atomic wire that can be derived from a 1D van der Waals crystal exhibits pronounced ferroelectricity manifested in the form of large cooperative atomic displacements. By performing Monte Carlo simulations with an effective Hamiltonian method, we obtain the nanowire that can sustain a high Curie temperature, indicating its potential for room-temperature applications. Moreover, doping with electrons is found to induce magnetism and metallic conductivity that coexists with the ferroelectric distortion in the nanowire. These appealing properties in conjunction with the experimental feasibility enable the doped WOF4 nanowire to act as a promising atomic-scale multifunctional material.

The adhesive behavior of one-dimensional (1D) materials, such as nanotubes and nanowires, plays a decisive role in the effective fabrication, functionality, and reliability of novel devices that integrate 1D components, as well as in biomimetic adhesives based on 1D arrays. This review compiles and critically evaluates recent experimental techniques that aim to characterize the adhesion behavior of interfaces formed by 1D materials, including when such materials are brought into contact with a substrate or adjacent 1D materials. The conformation of 1D material to surfaces and the associated occurrence of multi-asperity contact are discussed, and the coupling of adhesion and friction during interfacial attachment and detachment is explored. The use of 1D materials as reinforcement agents in nanocomposites and the associated interfacial characterization techniques are considered. The potential for the environmental conditions that exist during sample preparation and adhesion testing to influence 1D interfacial interactions and, ultimately, to alter the adhesion behavior of a 1D material is scrutinized. Finally, a brief perspective is provided on ongoing challenges and future directions, which include the methodical investigation of the testing environment and the alteration of adhesion through surface modification.

Intercalation into 1D transition metal trichalcogenides (TMTs) in which fibers are bonded by a weak van der Waals force can be expected to create various intercalation compounds and develop unique physical properties according to the combination of the host materials and guest ions. However, structural changes via intercalation into 1D TMTs are not as simple as those in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and are still not understood comprehensively. ZrTe3: a typical compound with a 1D trigonal prismatic structure, belongs to TMTs. Herein, through the Ag introduction to ZrTe3 via solid‐state intercalation, a novel crystal phase with a 1D octahedral structure and a quasi‐amorphous (QA) phase during the structural transition are discovered; the QA phase is a novel state of matter in which long‐range order is lost while retaining 1D order. Based on the Ag concentration, the transport properties are flexibly modulated from superconductivity to semiconductivity. Density functional theory calculations indicate the attraction between Ag ions and the pair diffusion due to their attraction. Furthermore, judging the attraction or repulsion between guest ions predicts whether to induce a QA phase or simple lattice expansion like the intercalation into 2D TMDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-dimensional materials have been revolutionary in both the technological and research fields over the last decades. Since the discovery of graphene in 2004, and thanks to the technological improvements in nanotechnology achieved during this last century, the number of low-dimensional materials under research and their potential applications have not stopped increasing. In this review, we present a comprehensive tour of the principal 2D and 1D materials that compose the current state of the art and also the technological applications derived from them. In both cases, the focus will be on their optical and electrical properties, as well as the potential applications on novel photonic, electronic, or optoelectronic devices. For 2D materials, we will focus on a brief review of graphene-like materials, giving more emphasis to graphene derivatives, hexagonal boron nitride, and transition metal dichalcogenides. Regarding 1D materials, we will aim at metallic and semiconductor nanowires. Nevertheless, interesting 2D and 1D materials are mentioned in each section. The topic will be introduced using the related origin of their unique capabilities as a common thread. At the same time, we will try to remark on the differences and similarities between both groups and their physical relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanical properties of biological nanofibers such as collagen fibrils are important in many applications, ranging from tissue-engineering to cancer treatment. However, mechanical testing is not straightforward at the nanometer scale. Here, we use the theory of column-buckling to determine the bending properties of individual collagen fibrils. To achieve this, fibrils were deposited on a manually pre-stretched foil, which was then released with the fibrils attached. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) imaging was used to determine the tensile modulus by measuring the buckling-wavelength and the radius for each fibril. Comparison with data obtained by AFM nanoindentation and other, more sophisticated methods, shows that our results are in very good agreement. The great advantage of this simple approach is that it can be used to quickly determine mechanical properties without force or stress-strain measurements, which are challenging to obtain accurately and at high throughput at the nanoscale. The method could be applied to any nanofibers, not just collagen fibrils. Collagen fibrils are the main constituent of the extracellular matrix, and alterations of their mechanical properties can have significant effects on cell adhesion and motility. This has, ultimately, implications in age-related diseases and cancer. Furthermore, tuning the mechanical properties of collagen fibrils could be an important tool in the design of artificial cell scaffolds in tissue-engineering. For these reasons, it is important to have methods that can be used to determine the mechanical properties of fibrils at the single-fibril level and, therefore, at the nanometer scale. The method presented here has the advantage of being easy to use and avoids some of the fundamental issues of more established methods. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experiments with graphene have demonstrated that 2D van der Waals materials can be stable, robust, and efficiently manipulated at the level of individual atomic planes. However, the stability and manipulation of 1D van der Waals materials and individual atomic chains remains elusive. Here, the ability to exfoliate and process two representative van der Waals materials containing 1D motifs, namely MoI 3 and Ta 2 Se 8 I, at the scale of individual atomic chains is demonstrated. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy studies confirm the presence of stable individual atomic chains of MoI 3 at room temperature. It is further shown that 1D van der Waals materials with low exfoliation energy, such as Ta 2 Se 8 I, can be processed with electron beams to achieve suspended individual atomic chains. Ab initio calculations corroborate the findings regarding the cleavage energies and the thermodynamic stability of individual atomic chains in these 1D van der Waals materials. These results demonstrate that the top-down approach in material processing can be extended to the scale of individual chains., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

1D materials, such as nanofibers or nanoribbons are considered as the future ultimate limit of downscaling for modern electrical and electrochemical devices. Here, for the first time, nanofibers of a solid solution transition metal trichalcogenide (TMTC), Nb1‐xTaxS3, are successfully synthesized with outstanding electrical, thermal, and electrochemical characteristics rivaling the performance of the‐state‐of‐the art materials for each application. This material shows nearly unchanged sheet resistance (≈740 Ω sq−1) versus bending cycles tested up to 90 cycles, stable sheet resistance in ambient conditions tested up to 60 days, remarkably high electrical breakdown current density of ≈30 MA cm−2, strong evidence of successive charge density wave transitions, and outstanding thermal stability up to ≈800 K. Additionally, this material demonstrates excellent activity and selectivity for CO2 conversion to CO reaching ≈350 mA cm−2 at −0.8 V versus RHE with a turnover frequency number of 25. It also exhibits an excellent performance in a high‐rate Li–air battery with the specific capacity of 3000 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.3 mA cm−2. This study uncovers the multifunctionality in 1D TMTC alloys for a wide range of applications and opens a new direction for the design of the next generation low‐dimensional materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intrinsic blue emission with high stability and high efficiency remains to be a great challenge for metal halide hybrids. In this study, a single‐crystalline, ultrastable self‐trapped blue‐light emitter based on 1D cationic [Pb2Cl2]2+ haloplumbate chains is discovered, which affords a Stokes shift of 78 nm and Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage chromaticity coordinates of (0.156, 0.080), very close to blue standard (0.140, 0.080). The Stokes shift is the lowest reported value among the intrinsic self‐trapped emission from the vast majority of organometal halide hybrids. Moreover, the presence of out‐of‐plane chloride results in highly localized self‐trapped excitons in 1D cationic chains and high photoluminescence quantum yield of 72%, which exceeds many intrinsic blue‐light‐emitting metal halide materials. Analogous to the previously reported organocarboxylate‐based lead halide hybrids, the material exhibits ultrastable continuous photoemission in air for at least 24 h and maintains the efficient emission after a variety of thermal or chemical treatments. The excellent blue‐light‐emitting performance of the material enables its promising applications in high‐definition lighting and display fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-dimensional materials have been revolutionary in both the technological and research fields over the last decades. Since the discovery of graphene in 2004, and thanks to the technological improvements in nanotechnology achieved during this last century, the number of low-dimensional materials under research and their potential applications have not stopped increasing. In this review, we present a comprehensive tour of the principal 2D and 1D materials that compose the current state of the art and also the technological applications derived from them. In both cases, the focus will be on their optical and electrical properties, as well as the potential applications on novel photonic, electronic, or optoelectronic devices. For 2D materials, we will focus on a brief review of graphene-like materials, giving more emphasis to graphene derivatives, hexagonal boron nitride, and transition metal dichalcogenides. Regarding 1D materials, we will aim at metallic and semiconductor nanowires. Nevertheless, interesting 2D and 1D materials are mentioned in each section. The topic will be introduced using the related origin of their unique capabilities as a common thread. At the same time, we will try to remark on the differences and similarities between both groups and their physical relationship.

Zinc sulfide nanosheet-based hybrid superlattices with tunable periodicities and rod-like or tubular morphologies are constructed by the spontaneous assembly of nanosheets as they grow in amine solution. The as-prepared architectures can be used as an enhanced electrode for photocurrent response and converted to other functional materials.

Diamonds exhibit a unique combination of numerous excellent physical and chemical properties, such as the highest hardness, high Young's modulus, wide bandgap, high carrier mobility, negative electron affinity, and high thermal conductivity. Especially, diamond has attracted significant attention in recent years for its outstanding performance in high-frequency and high-power electronic devices and thermal management. Inheriting the intrinsic physical and chemical properties of diamonds, one-dimensional (1D) diamond nanostructures exhibit many additional properties that are unavailable for bulk diamond or thin films, e.g., large specific surface area, ultrahigh elasticity, and some plasticity, tip effect as well as direct transport for photon or photo-induced carriers. These properties make 1D diamond nanostructures an ideal candidate for applications ranging from micro/nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) to field electron emission, optical, electrochemical, and biological areas. This review will first introduce the development of controlled synthesis methods of 1D diamond nanostructure, including bottom-up chemical vapor deposition growth and top-down selective etching of bulk diamond. Subsequently, we will summarize recent advances in the mechanical, electron field emission, optical, and biological properties of 1D diamond nanostructures and their applications in electron and photon emitter, MEMS, sensing, intracellular delivery, etc. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1D semiconductor nanomaterials have generated a high interest in heterogeneous photocatalysis. However, most 1D photocatalysts still suffer from poor charge separation and severe charge recombination. Herein, a unique approach via surface doping of phosphorus (P) atoms into 1D Cd0.5Zn0.5S (CZS) nanorods is demonstrated, leading to an imbalanced charge distribution and a localized built‐in electric field, verified by characterizations including photoluminescence and transient absorption spectra. The CZS‐P nanorods exhibit more than two orders of magnitude enhancement in photocatalytic H2 production activity relative to pristine CZS under visible light. Further construction of spatially separated dual‐cocatalysts (Pt and PdS) on the tip and lateral surface of the CZS‐P nanorods enables a significant improvement in the photocatalytic activity, which results in an apparent quantum efficiency exceeding 89% at 420 nm. Such efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production is attributed to the synergistic effect of tuning the intrinsic built‐in electric field for spatial charge separation and simultaneously accelerating the reduction and oxidation reaction rates utilizing photogenerated charges. The idea of integrating spatial charge separation via morphology tailoring, additional built‐in electric field, and spatial separation of dual‐cocatalysts provides a pathway for rationally designing artificial photocatalysts for solar energy conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low‐dimensional (LD) crystalline inorganic semiconductors have attracted increasing interest due to their unique electrical and optical properties. The crystallographic orientation in the LD films is one of the critical parameters that determine their strong anisotropic physical properties and device performance. Antimony selenide (Sb2Se3), a 1D crystalline semiconductor, is a promising absorber material for emerging photovoltaic technologies. The suitably oriented Sb2Se3 absorbers can offer excellent carrier transport and trap‐free grain boundaries, facilitating high‐efficiency devices. The crystallographic orientation of the Sb2Se3 light‐absorbing layer is found to be governed by the underlying layers, i.e., the back contact in substrate‐type solar cells. Herein, an in situ surface selenization treatment to the tungsten (W) back contact is applied to change the growth of Sb2Se3 layer from a layer‐like growth mode to an island‐like growth mode. As a result, highly [hk1]‐oriented Sb2Se3 nanorod arrays growing perpendicular to the W back‐contact surface are achieved. Moreover, the resulting tungsten selenide (WSe2) thin layer also acts as a hole transport layer and promotes hole extraction. Consequently, a conversion efficiency as high as 8.46% in Sb2Se3 solar cells with substrate configuration is achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a facile strategy of micromolding‐in‐capillary process to fabricate stretchable strain sensors wherein, the sensing material is wrapped within silicone rubber (Dragon Skin [DS]) to form a sandwich‐like structure. Two different 1D sensing materials are exploited to fabricate and study strain sensing performance of such device structure, namely multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and silver nanowires (AgNWs). The fabricated strain sensors using MWCNT exhibits wide sensing range (2–180%), and moderately high sensing performance with outstanding durability (over 6000 cycles). It is found that MWCNT presents a strong strain‐dependent character in the 45–120% elongation regime. On the other hand, very high gauge factor of >106 is achieved using AgNWs at 30% strain with good stability (over 100 cycles). Sensing mechanisms for both 1D conductive sensing materials are discussed. They can be applied for human motion monitoring such as finger, knee, and wrist bending movements to enable human physiological parameters to be registered and analyzed continuously. They are also employed in multichannel and interactive electronic system to be used as a control mechanism for teleoperation for robotic end‐effectors. The developed sensors have potential applications in health diagnosis and human–machine interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal chalcogenide compounds have attracted interest as materials for next-generation semiconductors, catalysts, and device architectures. Hybrid compounds containing both a metal chalcogenide architecture and a supporting organic lattice combine the interesting structural and electronic properties of the material class with a configurable hybrid component that can lead to a wide range of tailorable materials. However, many of the methods available for preparing inorganic coordination polymers in this class require specialized solution-phase chemical preparations that are incompatible with solid-state fabrication techniques. Here, we prepare metal–organic chalcogenolates (MOChas) of copper, indium, lead, and tin from benzeneselenol or benzenethiol directly from the organochalcogen and corresponding metal in a tube furnace at a relatively modest temperature. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction confirmed the conversion of the precursors to crystalline MOChas. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to investigate the chemical bonding for each of the materials and provides insight into the elemental composition of the synthesized compounds. This straightforward approach for preparing crystalline hybrid materials may be generalizable for the preparation of a wide variety of coordination compounds and complexes in form factors useful for subsequent development of device architectures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper represents a general study of titanate nanotubes (TiNTs) which are among the most important materials in the field of catalysis. This research work covers more than 100 publications about the formulation, characterisation and most recent applications of TiNTs. TiNTs can be prepared by different methods, namely the anodic deposition, sol‐gel template synthesis and alkaline hydrothermal treatment. The present study focuses on the preparation of this tubular structure by alkaline treatment, using the latest and most recent processes that have been introduced in this method (stirring, acid nature, annealing temperature, etc). The surface properties, such as the point of zero charge (P.Z.C), acid‐base nature and light absorption, of TiNTs are also evoked. In the end, some recent and important TiNTs applications in the field of renewable energies are reported (H2 production and methanation). In addition, NO reduction, CO oxidation, photocatalysis and organic synthesis are also mentioned. Therefore, it may be said that this paper is a structured study about TiNTs for the purpose of making the reader aware of their importance, understand their synthesis, and know their scope of applications. To conclude, the most important data, acquired through various characterization techniques, are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic materials in reduced dimensions are not only excellent platforms for fundamental studies of magnetism, but they play crucial roles in technological advances. The discovery of intrinsic magnetism in monolayer 2D van der Waals systems has sparked enormous interest, but the single-chain limit of 1D magnetic van der Waals materials has been largely unexplored. This paper reports on a family of 1D magnetic van der Waals materials with composition MX 3 (M = Cr, V, and X = Cl, Br, I), prepared in fully-isolated fashion within the protective cores of carbon nanotubes. Atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy identifies unique structures that differ from the well-known 2D honeycomb lattice MX 3 structure. Density functional theory calculations reveal charge-driven reversible magnetic phase transitions., (© 2023 The Authors. Advanced Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

By using a MoI 2 precursor, a one-dimensional linear chain material, Mo 6 S 3 I 6 , was synthesized on a centimeter scale. As MoI 2 can be used to form Mo 6 S 3 I 6 through a gas-phase reaction, a larger amount of single crystals can be synthesized; moreover, these crystals are significantly longer than those synthesized by using Mo, S, and I powder. The synthesized Mo 6 S 3 I 6 exhibited the characteristics of paramagnetic semiconductors with excellent thermal stability and a low bandgap. Furthermore, Mo 6 S 3 I 6 can be separated into long nanometer-scale chains by a solution dispersion process. • First synthesis of cm scale synthesize of vdW 1D material Mo 6 S 3 I 6. • Superior material properties based on high crystallinity. • Atomic level (nm) dispersion for ideal 1D materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • CNT rings are used to build chain- and chainmail-like nanostructures. • Nanostructures are mechanically strong and highly flexible. • Stability of rings and derived structures depend on nanotube and ring diameter. • Suitable for use in reinforced composites, membranes, nanoactuators. Abstract A computational study on the structure, stability and mechanical properties of carbon nanotube (CNT) rings and derived 1D and 2D superstructures is presented. CNT rings were used as building blocks for CNT-based nanochains and nanochainmails, i.e., nanostructures similar to conventional chains and chainmails. Molecular dynamics simulations show that these structures are stable, mechanically strong and highly flexible, reaching strains as high as 0.50 without breaking. The stability of CNT rings was shown to be dependent on both ring and CNT diameters, affecting directly the mechanical behavior of the CNT-based superstructures. The interesting combination of strength, flexibility and lightness exhibited by these materials enable their use in several potential applications, such as reinforced materials, membranes and actuators in miniaturized devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of double core carbon nanothreads (NTHs) has been recently achieved through compression of aromatic molecules containing two rings connected by short chains featuring either double or triple bonds (such as stilbene, azobenzene and diphenylacetylene). Their structure are characterized by two conventional 1D NTHs cores, interconnected by covalent bonds arranged in several ways. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the possible atomic structures for double core NTHs, evaluate their relative stability, and calculate some electronic and mechanical properties, using Density Functional Theory calculations and Molecular Dynamics simulations. Many isomers are possible for these 1D materials, differing by the intrinsic structure of the cores and the nature of the covalent bonds crosslinking them. For stilbene and diphenylacetylene NTHs, the most stable isomers feature continuous s p 3 or s p 2 C-C chains connecting the cores, while those that preserve the original unsaturation of the molecule (azo group) are the most stable for azobenzene. The mechanical behavior of these NTHs are similar to that of conventional single core ones, with enhanced 1D strength and stiffness when continuous chains connect the cores. Their electronic behavior range from metallic to insulating depending on the arrangement of the bonds connecting the cores, and the materials with the narrowest band gaps feature electron delocalization along the chain connecting the cores. The variations in properties associated to the presence of bonds connecting the cores bring new opportunities to the design of electronic and optical devices employing this class of strong and flexible materials. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One-dimensional (1D) materials allow for cutting-edge applications in biology, such as single-cell bioelectronics investigations, stimulation of the cellular membrane or the cytosol, cellular capture, tissue regeneration, antibacterial action, traction force investigation, and cellular lysis among others. The extraordinary development of this research field in the last ten years has been promoted by the possibility to engineer new classes of biointerfaces that integrate 1D materials as tools to trigger reconfigurable stimuli/probes at the sub-cellular resolution, mimicking the in vivo protein fibres organization of the extracellular matrix. After a brief overview of the theoretical models relevant for a quantitative description of the 1D material/cell interface, this work offers an unprecedented review of 1D nano- and microscale materials (inorganic, organic, biomolecular) explored so far in this vibrant research field, highlighting their emerging biological applications. The correlation between each 1D material chemistry and the resulting biological response is investigated, allowing to emphasize the advantages and the issues that each class presents. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives are discussed.

One- and two-dimensional materials are being intensively investigated due to their interesting properties for next-generation optoelectronic devices. Among these, armchair-edged graphene nanoribbons are very promising candidates with optical properties that are dominated by excitons. In the presence of additional charges, trions (i.e., charged excitons) can occur in the optical spectrum. With our recently developed first-principle many-body approach (Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 196804), we predict strongly bound trions in free-standing nanoribbons with large binding energies of 140-660 meV for widths of 14.6-3.6 Å. Both for the trions and for the excitons, we observe an almost linear dependency of their binding energies on the band gap. We observe several trion states with different character derived from the corresponding excitons. Because of the large bindings energies, this opens a route to applications by which optical properties are easily manipulated, for example, by electrical fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effects of the concentration, temperature and precursor type on the fabrication of the elongated ZnO nano/micro structures were comprehensively investigated. Analytical investigations such as SEM and statistical analysis of the elongated ZnO nano/micro structures provided wide information about the growth behavior and final geometries. Different temperatures for the 1 D ZnO formation clearly revealed that hexagonally grown ZnO nanorods were obtained. Especially low crystal diffraction characteristics at low temperature (55 °C) implied that ZnO nano/micro rod formation requires some minimum conditions for the formation of an efficient photocatalyst. All XRD investigations together with SEM and TEM supported the ligand ordered elongation conducted by diverse beginning concentrations. Since temperature found as a highly dominant actor for morphology and surface sequence as manifested in crystallinity, morphology and photocatalytic results, we have systematically summarized the growth conditions of the ZnO nano/micro rods from same precursor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how the Schottky barrier (SB) transistor is used in a variety of applications and material systems. A discussion of SB formation, current transport processes, and an overview of modeling are first considered. Three discussions follow, which detail the role of SB transistors in high performance, ubiquitous and cryogenic electronics. For high performance computing, the SB typically needs to be minimized to achieve optimal performance and we explore the methods adopted in carbon nanotube technology and two-dimensional electronics. On the contrary for ubiquitous electronics, the SB can be used advantageously in source-gated transistors and reconfigurable field-effect transistors (FETs) for sensors, neuromorphic hardware and security applications. Similarly, judicious use of an SB can be an asset for applications involving Josephson junction FETs., (Creative Commons Attribution license.)

One-dimensional (1D) porous materials have shown great potential for gas storage and separation, sensing, energy storage, and conversion. However, the controlled approach for preparation of 1D porous materials, especially porous organic materials, still remains a great challenge due to the poor dispersibility and solution processability of the porous materials. Here, carbon nanotube (CNT) templated 1D conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) are prepared using a layer-by-layer method. As-prepared CMPs possess high specific surface areas of up to 623 m2 g−1 and exhibit strong electronic interactions between p-type CMPs and n-type CNTs. The CMPs are used as precursors to produce heteroatom-doped 1D porous carbons through direct pyrolysis. As-produced ternary heteroatom-doped (B/N/S) 1D porous carbons possess high specific surface areas of up to 750 m2 g−1, hierarchical porous structures, and excellent electrochemical-catalytic performance for oxygen reduction reaction. Both of the diffusion-limited current density (4.4 mA cm−2) and electron transfer number ( n = 3.8) for three-layered 1D porous carbons are superior to those for random 1D porous carbon. These results demonstrate that layered and core-shell type 1D CMPs and related heteroatom-doped 1D porous carbons can be rationally designed and controlled prepared for high performance energy-related applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimum solvent for Nb2Se9 dispersion, which is a new type of one dimensional (1D) material, is investigated. Among several solvents (16 solvents in total), strong dispersion was observed in benzyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and diacetone alcohol, which have medium dielectric constants in the range of 10 to 30 and surface tension in the range of 25 to 35 mJ m−2. 1D Nb2Se9 chains, whose size is less than 10 nm, are well dispersed and it is possible to disperse mono-chains of 1 nm or less in a specific dispersion region. The 1D unit chain with dangling bond free surface and high volume to area ratio is expected to be used in applications that utilize the surface of the material. Such dispersion is an important first step towards various potential applications and is an indispensable scientific goal for the practical applications of Nb2Se9.

• Design efficient hierarchical 1D Pd SACs by co-axial emulsion electrospinning. • The obtained 1D SACs have multiscale porous hollow structure like bamboo. • The bamboo-like structure is facility for increasing catalytic activity. • Single atom improves selectivity of phenylacetylene semi-hydrogenation. • The method is universal for many other hierarchical 1D metal SACs (Pt, Ru, Co). The extremely high atom dispersion of single atom catalysts (SACs) opens up new opportunities for highly efficient catalysis. However, how to balance the easy accessibility, preparation simplicity, and recoverability for routine nanoscale catalytic supports of SACs is still a big challenge. In this work, the nitrogen doped carbon immobilized Pd SACs with high loading up to 5.6 wt%, in the form of multiscale porous hollow fibers, are prepared through a co-axial emulsion electrospinning and CO 2 thermal activating method. The obtained Pd SACs carbon fibers have a bamboo-like tubular structure and multiscale pores on the tube wall, which expose the active sites accessible for reactants. The multiscale porous hollow Pd SACs exhibited both high activity and selectivity for phenylacetylene semi-hydrogenation. This universal method is also applicable for the preparation of many other 1D metal SACs such as Pt, Ru and Co, which exhibits great promising for developing easily available and efficient SACs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surface science-based approach to synthesising new organic materials on surfaces has gained considerable attention in recent years, owing to its success in facilitating the formation of novel 0D, 1D and 2D architectures. The primary mechanism used to date has been the catalytic transformation of small organic molecules through substrate-enabled reactions. In this Topical Review, we provide an overview of alternate approaches to controlling molecular reactions on surfaces. These approaches include light, electron and ion-initiated reactions, electrospray ionisation deposition-based techniques, collisions of neutral atoms and molecules, and superhydrogenation. We focus on the opportunities afforded by these alternative approaches, in particular where they may offer advantages in terms of selectivity, spatial control or scalability., (Creative Commons Attribution license.)

Novel 1D-γ-Al 2 O 3 nanorods were used to prepare a NiW hydrodesulfurization catalyst. Acid/base measurements of the NiW/Al-catalyst revealed a mainly weak and lower acidity and a great quantity of Lewis sites in oxide/sulfided forms. HRTEM exposed a homogeneously distributed active phase all over the surface of the Al-nR supported catalyst. Marked differences on the stacking degree and slabs length were observed when compared both materials. The activity for NiW/Al-nR resulted higher than that obtained for NiWP/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalyst. Even when both materials showed almost the same specific hydrogenation rate, the main change was the higher hydrogenolysis on the NiW/Al-nR catalyst. Theoretical calculations showed that 1T-S-W-S cluster with Ni on the top resulted with less metallic character than when Ni was modeled in a corner of a 2H-S-W-S 3D crystal. For that reason, it was proposed that Ni-W-S sites on small slabs could act rather as hydrogenolysis sites than as hydrogenation sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Identified polymorphic phase of Ta 2 Ni 3 Se 8 , a three-component one-dimensional chalcogenide material. • New tetragonal phase of the compound (T-Ta 2 Ni 3 Se 8) was proven to have different crystal structure. • Electrical resistance of the new T-Ta 2 Ni 3 Se 8 exhibited a metallic nature. In this study, the polymorphism of Ta 2 Ni 3 Se 8 , a three-component one-dimensional chalcogenide material, was discovered. It was confirmed through X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses that the newly identified tetragonal phase of the compound (T-Ta 2 Ni 3 Se 8) had a different crystal structure from the previously reported orthorhombic phase (O-Ta 2 Ni 3 Se 8). Conventional O-Ta 2 Ni 3 Se 8 is a semiconductor material with ambipolar characteristics, whereas T-Ta 2 Ni 3 Se 8 showed a metallic characteristic in which the electrical resistance slightly increased as the temperature increased. The change in electrical properties due to the variation in lattice isotropy according to the transformation of the crystal system (orthorhombic to tetragonal) is expected to be an important starting point for polymorphism studies of multi-component low-dimensional materials in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] We successfully produced one dimensional (1D) alumina nanocomposites. [•] Nanorods induced an increase on the conduction character of alumina. [•] Morphological changes were correlated with structure director agents. [•] Alumina nanorods have been used as NiWS catalysts support with promising results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This article reports a new working system and a novel approach for the continuous fabrication of microscale titania 1D materials in co-axial microdevices using co-laminar microflows in situ to form a template. Two miscible ethanol solutions of polyvinyl butyral and titanium alkoxide were applied to ensure the formation of multiphase co-laminar flows in microfluidic devices. Titanium alkoxide caused the gelation of the PVB solution at the interface, which leads to the formation of a gel tube with the remaining titanium alkoxide trapped inside. Titania 1D materials were obtained after calcinations. Both fibers and tubes could be fabricated via the proposed synthesis scheme by controlling the microchannel structure and the flow parameters. The crystalline structure of the products could be controlled by the sintering time. The specific area of the products could be adjusted by changing the composition of the titniaum alkoxide solution. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Field-effect transistor (FET) is a very promising platform for biosensor applications due to its magnificent properties, including label-free detection, high sensitivity, fast response, real-time measurement capability, low running power, and the feasibility to miniaturize to a portable device. 1D (e.g. carbon nanotubes, Si nanowires, conductive polymer nanowires, 1D metal oxides, and others) and 2D (e.g. graphene materials, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, and 2D metal oxides) materials, with their unique structural and electronic properties that are unavailable in bulk materials, have helped improve the sensitivity of FET biosensors and enabled detection down to single molecule. In this review, we give insights into the rapidly evolving field of 1D and 2D materials-based FET biosensors, with an emphasis on structure and electronic properties, synthesis, and biofunctionalization approaches of these nanomaterials. In addition, the progress in the 1D/2D-FET biosensors in North America, in the last decade, is summarized in tables. Moreover, challenges and future perspectives of 1D/2D-FET biosensors are covered. • One- and two-dimensional (1D/2D) nanomaterials used in FET biosensors are highlighted. • Sensing mechanisms of nanomaterials-enabled FET biosensors are discussed. • Structure, properties, synthesis & biofunctionalizations are comprehensively reviewed. • 1D/2D-FET biosensors contributions from North America in last decade are summarized. • Challenges and future perspectives of 1D/2D-FET biosensors are extensively covered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One-dimensional (1D) materials allow for cutting-edge applications in biology, such as single-cell bioelectronics investigations, stimulation of the cellular membrane or the cytosol, cellular capture, tissue regeneration, antibacterial action, traction force investigation, and cellular lysis among others. The extraordinary development of this research field in the last ten years has been promoted by the possibility to engineer new classes of biointerfaces that integrate 1D materials as tools to trigger reconfigurable stimuli/probes at the sub-cellular resolution, mimicking the in vivo protein fibres organization of the extracellular matrix. After a brief overview of the theoretical models relevant for a quantitative description of the 1D material/cell interface, this work offers an unprecedented review of 1D nano- and microscale materials (inorganic, organic, biomolecular) explored so far in this vibrant research field, highlighting their emerging biological applications. The correlation between each 1D material chemistry and the resulting biological response is investigated, allowing to emphasize the advantages and the issues that each class presents. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low dimensionality and high flexibility are key demands for flexible electronic semiconductor devices. SnIP, the first atomic‐scale double helical semiconductor combines structural anisotropy and robustness with exceptional electronic properties. The benefit of the double helix, combined with a diverse structure on the nanoscale, ranging from strong covalent bonding to weak van der Waals interactions, and the large structure and property anisotropy offer substantial potential for applications in energy conversion and water splitting. It represents the next logical step in downscaling the inorganic semiconductors from classical 3D systems, via 2D semiconductors like MXenes or transition metal dichalcogenides, to the first downsizeable, polymer‐like atomic‐scale 1D semiconductor SnIP. SnIP shows intriguing mechanical properties featuring a bulk modulus three times lower than any IV, III‐V, or II‐VI semiconductor. In situ bending tests substantiate that pure SnIP fibers can be bent without an effect on their bonding properties. Organic and inorganic hybrids are prepared illustrating that SnIP is a candidate to fabricate flexible 1D composites for energy conversion and water splitting applications. SnIP@C3N4 hybrid forms an unusual soft material core–shell topology with graphenic carbon nitride wrapping around SnIP. A 1D van der Waals heterostructure is formed capable of performing effective water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]