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Objective Visual electrophysiology and optical correlation tomography angiography （OCTA） were used to investigate differences in preoperative retinal function in patients with type 2 diabetic cataract （DC） without obvious retinopathy （NDR） and to determine the clinical application of whole-process blood glucose management （WBGM） for improving postoperative vision in DC patients. Methods This study investigated the preoperative and postoperative visual electrophysiology （N75, P100, photopic FERG, and scotopic FERG）, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer （pRNFL） and peripapillary capillary vessel density （ppVD） data, as well as trends in these data changes during blood glucose management intervention. Results As the course of T2DM progressed, FBG and HbA1c increased, the N75 and P100 lategraduancy periods of patients gradually lengthened, and the photopic FERG, scotopic FERG, pRNFL, and ppVD values decreased at each postoperative time point. At the same time, the best corrected visual acuity （BCVA） of patients after surgery gradually decreased （P < 0.05）. Compared with that at 1 week after surgery, the BCVA of Group A （without whole-process blood glucose management） gradually increased at 1 month and 3 months after surgery but showed a downward trend at 1 year after surgery. The BCVA of Group B （with whole-process blood glucose management） gradually stabilized at 1 month after surgery, and at all time points after surgery, the BCVA of Group B was better than that of Group A. The results showed that N75 and P100 in Group A were greater than those in Group B, while the photopic and scotopic FERG, pRNFL, and ppVD （%） in Group A were lower than those in Group B. In addition, N75 and P100 in Group A showed a gradual prolongation trend at various time points after surgery, while photopic FERG, scotopic FERG, pRNFL, and ppVD （%） showed a gradually decreasing trend. However, the above data in Group B gradually stabilized at 3 months after DC surgery, approaching the preoperative level of the group （P < 0.05）. In the state of whole blood glucose management, although N75 and P100 both reached their longest durations at 1 week after surgery, N75, P100, photopic FERG, scotopic FERG, and pRNFL showed a gradually decreasing trend at 1 month and 3 months after surgery, while ppVD （%） gradually increased （P < 0.05）. At various time points from 3 months to 1 year after surgery, the overall trend of the above indicators remained stable and close to the preoperative values （P > 0.05）. Conclusion According to the results of the quantitative analysis of visual electrophysiology and OCTA, in DC patients without obvious retinopathy and with the worsening of diabetes, retinal function decreased, but whole-process blood glucose management effectively restored retinal function and improved visual quality after surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the correlation between telomere length of peripheral white blood cells and the levels of advanced glycosylation end products, as well as bone mineral density in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to assess the impact of advanced glycosylation end product levels on telomere length. Methods From May 1, 2023, to May 1, 2024, 174 patients with T2DM who underwent dual-energy X-ray BMD examination at the Department of Endocrinology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital, were selected. T2DM patients were divided into osteoporosis group, osteopenia group, and normal bone mass group based on the T-value in BMD. qPCR method was used to measure telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes, and ELISA method was used to determine AGEs levels. General patient data were collected along with measurements for blood glucose, blood lipid levels, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, and other indicators. Bone mineral density was evaluated using dual-energy X-ray imaging while plasma CTX and PINP levels were measured via ELISA. SPSS 26.0 statistical software was utilized to analyze differences and correlations among all indicators. Results （1）The telomere length of OP group, osteopenia group and normal bone mass group was different, and the telomere length of the three groups increased successively. （2） In individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, telomere length exhibited a positive correlation with BMD and a negative correlation with CTX and PINP. Plasma AGEs level showed a negative correlation with BMD and a positive correlation with CTX and PINP, while telomere length demonstrated a negative correlation with AGEs level.（3） Telomere length was an independent factor of BMD, and AGEs level was an independent factor of BMD （P < 0.05）. Conclusion The reduction of telomere length and the increase of AGEs in patients with type 2 diabetes are related to the decrease of bone mineral density, and the reduction of telomere length is related to the increase of AGEs. Telomere length of peripheral leucocytes and plasma AGEs level can jointly evaluate the bone metabolism status of T2DM patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the status and influencing factors of self-management in community patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus based on socio-ecological model. Methods From Auguast to December, 2023, a total of 225 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited from several communities in Nanjing and were investigated with a basic information questionnaire, the Diabetes Knowledge Test, the Diabetes Man- agement Self-efficacy Scale and the Summary of Diabetes Self Care Activities based on socio-ecological model. Results The average score of self-management was (47.94±12.91) socre, with a indicator of 62. 26%. Educa- tion level. hospitalizations, self-provided glucometer, potation, self-efficacy, medical support, community envi- ronment.geographical position are the main influencing factors of the status of self-management, which could explain 45.0% of the total variation. Conclusion The status of self-management in community patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is mediocre and influenced by factors at multiple levels of socio-ecological model. To improve the awareness and ability of self-management in community patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. health departments should comprehensively take various influencing factors into consideration, and carry out pertinent and individualized health education and interventions for them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To construct a resistance band exercise training program through literature re- view and Delphi expert consultation method, and to evaluate its effects on glycemic and bone density indicators in patients with type 2 diabetes complicated with osteoporosis. Methods A total of 81 middle-aged and elderly patients admitted to the department of endocrine osteoporosis in Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital/First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical University from April to August 2023 as the research subjects. They were divided into the observation group and the control group using the random number table method. The observation group was given a 3-month resistance band exercise training program in addition to routine treatment and nursing, while the control group was given routine treatment and nursing measures. The glycemic and bone density indicators of the two groups were compared. Results A total of 74 patients completed the study, including 36 in the observation group and 38 in the control group. The fasting blood glucose. postprandial 2-hour blood glucose, and hemoglobin Alc of the observation group were lower than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); the number of compliance targets achieved by the two groups were compared, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01); the bone density of the two groups after intervention was compared, and there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion The resistance band exercise training program can not only reduce the glycemic indicators of patients, but also effectively improve their compliance with exercise, but the effect on improving the patient s bone mineral density is not obvious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, often leading to complications in multiple systems, including neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, and bone diseases. Osteoporotic fractures are particularly concerning public health issues due to their high incidence, significant fatality rate, and substantial consumption of medical resources. Compared to non ⁃ diabetic individuals, patients with T2DM have an elevated risk of fragility fractures. Despite often having normal or increased bone density, the primary cause of this increased fracture risk is impaired bone mass. The mechanisms underlying increased bone fragility in T2DM patients are complex and multifactorial, involving obesity, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, microvascular complications, and the accumulation of advanced glycation end products. These factors can lead to alterations in bone metabolism, structure, and strength. Additionally, other factors, such as hypoglycemia and the associated increased risk of falls, as well as the direct effects of certain antidiabetic medications on bone and mineral metabolism, may further contribute to the heightened fracture risk in this population. This review provides a concise overview of the mechanisms by which these factors influence bone fragility in patients with T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the relationship between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of preg‑ nane X receptor (PXR) gene and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) . Methods Totally 285 T2DM patients (observation group) and 230 healthy volunteers (control group) were selected. Fasting peripheral venous blood of all sub‑ jects was collected, genomic DNA was extracted, and PXR gene sites rs1523127, rs3814055 and rs6785049 were sequenced and genotyping was performed. Serum PXR, glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and glucokinase (GCK) were detected by enzyme ELISA. The genotypes and allele frequencies of rs1523127, rs3814055, rs6785049 and serum levels of PXR, GLUT2 and GCK were compared between the two groups. We analyze the relationship between SNP of PXR gene and the risk of T2DM. Results Through Hardy-Weinberg genetic balance test, the genotypes and allele frequencies of PXR genes at different loci were consistent with the law of genetic balance in the two groups. There were no significant dif‑ ferences in genotypes or allele frequencies of rs1523127 and rs6785049 of PXR gene between two groups (all P>0. 05) . The frequencies of CT/TT genotype and T allele at rs3814055 of PXR gene in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (both P<0. 05), and the odds ratio (OR) of T2DM patients with CT and TT genotype was 1. 591 and 2. 398 times higher than that of patients with CC genotype. The OR of T allele carriers for T2DM was 1. 638 times higher than that of C allele carriers. Serum PXR level in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and serum GLUT2 and GCK levels were lower than those in the control group (both P<0. 05) . The level of serum PXR in CT/TT genotype at rs3814055 of PXR gene in T2DM patients was higher than that in patients with CC genotype, and the levels of serum GLUT2 and GCK were lower than those in patients with CC genotype (both P<0. 05) . Conclusion The mutation of C allele at rs3814055 of PXR gene to T allele can increase its transcriptional activity, inhibit serum GLUT2 and GCK levels, impair glucose tolerance, and increase the risk of T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among the health check-up population in Chengdu from 2018 to 2022, to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of T2DM. Methods A total of 13 357 permanent residents who underwent annual health check-ups at a tertiary hospital’s health management center in Chengdu from January 2018 to December 2022 were selected as study subjects. Data on demographic characteristics and health check-up indicators were collected through a self-designed health questionnaire, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. T2DM diagnoses were made, and univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to explore the influencing factors of T2DM. Results The prevalence of T2DM among the health check-up population in Chengdu showed an upward trend from 2018 to 2022, increasing from 21.05% in 2018 to 23.01% in 2022, with an annual average increase of 5.61% (ranging from 4.27% to 6.86%), which was statistically significant (P<0.05). The prevalence was higher in males than in females. In 2022, the proportion of T2DM patients aged 25 to 45 increased, while the prevalence among females aged 35 to 55 was higher than that of males. A total of 2 872 individuals were included in the study in 2022, of which 663 were diagnosed with T2DM (T2DM group), and the others constituted the normal group. Statistically significant associations (P<0.05) were observed with factors such as smoking, age, dietary habits, alcohol consumption, family history of T2DM, family history of hypertension, and BMI. The concentration levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were lower in the T2DM group compared to the normal group (P<0.05), while total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) levels were higher in the T2DM group (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that age (OR=1.629, P=0.002), BMI (OR=1.985, P<0.001), smoking (OR=1.747, P<0.001), alcohol consumption (OR=1.865, P<0.001), dietary habits (OR=1.541, P<0.001), family history of T2DM (OR=2.312, P<0.001), family history of hypertension (OR=2.587, P<0.001), and lipid levels (OR=2.041, P<0.001) were significant influencing factors for T2DM in the Chengdu health check-up population. Conclusion The rising prevalence of T2DM among the health check-up population in Chengdu from 2018 to 2022 is significantly associated with BMI, age, alcohol consumption, smoking, dietary habits, family history of T2DM, family history of hypertension, and lipid levels. This provides important evidence for the prevention and treatment of T2DM. Targeted education and awareness campaigns are necessary to improve residents’ understanding of the disease, along with the implementation of comprehensive scientific measures for effective prevention and control of T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Exercise has a regulatory effect on intestinal flora and glucose metabolism, but the effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise on intestinal flora and glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise on glucose metabolism and intestinal flora in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: Eleven patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited, among which, two were lost to the follow-up and nine were finally enrolled. Highintensity intermittent exercise intervention was conducted 3 times per week for 6 continuous weeks. Fasting blood and fecal samples were collected before and after the intervention. Glucose metabolism indexes were detected in the blood samples, and intestinal flora was detected in the fecal samples. Changes in glucose metabolism indexes and intestinal flora indexes of the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus before and after the intervention were compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 6 weeks of high-intensity intermittent exercise intervention, fasting blood glucose and glycosylated serum protein levels in patients were significantly reduced (P < 0.05), and fasting insulin, although not significantly changed, was decreased compared with before intervention. Alpha diversity analysis showed that the diversity (Shannon index), richness (Chao index) and coverage (Coverage index) did not change significantly. Venn diagrams showed that the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria in the intestinal flora of the patients increased, and the relative abundance of Firmicutes decreased, and a significant decrease was seen in Ruminococcus_torques and Ruminococcus_gnavus in the Firmicutes, which were both positively correlated with the abnormalities of the glycemic metabolism-related indicators, as well as with other disease development. All these findings indicate that high-intensity intermittent exercise intervention has an improvement effect on the glycemic metabolism-related indexes of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the abundance of beneficial flora in the intestinal tract increases, and the abundance of harmful flora decreased, enhancing the stability of the intestinal flora in patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies have shown a correlation between type 2 diabetes mellitus and bone mineral density, but the causal association between the two and whether it is age-related remains unknown OBJECTIVE: To study the correlation between type 2 diabetes mellitus and whole body bone mineral density at unspecified age and at all ages based on the Mendelian randomization technique. METHODS: The genome-wide association study (GWAS) data of type 2 diabetes mellitus and bone mineral density at all ages were selected from the IEU GWAS database of the University of Bristol. The exposure data were single nucleotide polymorphisms with significant correlation with type 2 diabetes mellitus as instrumental variables, and bone mineral density at all ages was selected as the outcome variable. Two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and bone mineral density was performed using inverse variance weighted method, weighted median estimator, and MR-Egger regression. The βvalue was used to evaluate the causal relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and bone mineral density at all ages. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 118 single nucleotide polymorphisms were extracted from the GWAS summary data as instrumental variables. The MREgger regression results showed that there was no horizontal pleiotropy, but there was heterogeneity. Therefore, this study was based on the inverse variance weighted results. Inverse variance weighted results showed that type 2 diabetes mellitus may be a potential protective factor for bone mineral density and is associated with age: age-unspecified bone mineral density [β=0.038, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.07, P=0.002], bone mineral density over 60 years old (β=0.052, 95% CI: 1.01-1.09, P=0.027), bone mineral density between 45-60 years old (β=0.049, 95% CI: 1.01-1.09, P=0.009 ), bone mineral density between 30-45 years old (β=0.033, 95% CI: 0.99-1.07, P=0.127). bone mineral density of 15-30 years old (β=0.025, 95% CI: 0.95-1.10, P=0.506), bone mineral density of 0-15 years old (β=0.006, 95% CI: 0.96-1.04, P=0.716 ). Similar results were obtained from the MR-Egger regression and weighted median estimator analyses. These findings indicate that type 2 diabetes mellitus may be one of the protective factors of bone mineral density, and there is a correlation with age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the association between abdominal visceral fat content and the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） and the potential of predicting the incidence of T2DM with abdominal visceral fat content. Methods The study included 45 patients with T2DM who underwent 3.0T MRI and 80 control patients， recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College， Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology. IDEAL software was utilized for automated image recombination to obtain fat fraction， relaxation rate （R2*）， lipid phase， water phase， and in-phase images. Fat fraction images were transferred to AW 4.6 workstation for measurement of fat fraction plots by two observers using a double-blind approach. ITK-SNAP software was employed for semi-automatic delineation of abdominal visceral fat and subcutaneous adipose tissue through threshold segmentation method， followed by volume calculation. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS 26.0 software. Results （1） The T2DM group exhibited significantly higher levels of abdominal visceral adipocyte volume （VATV）， hepatic fat fraction （HFF）， pancreatic fat fraction （PFF）， triglyceride （TG）， and fasting blood glucose （FBG） compared to the control group. Conversely， the high density lipoprotein （HDL） level was significantly lower in the T2DM group than in the control group （P < 0.05）. The correlation analysis revealed that in male patients， abdominal VATV exhibited positive associations with body mass index （BMI）， waist circumference， subcutaneous adipose tissue volume （SATV）， hepatic fat fraction （HFF）， TG， and FBG； while displaying a negative association with HDL. In female patients， VATV demonstrated positive correlations with BMI， waist circumference， SATV， and HFF. （2） The ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the area under the curve （AUC） for PFF in diagnosing T2DM was 0.656 （P < 0.01，95%CI:0.534 ~0.777）. The determined cut-off value was 8.44%， yielding a sensitivity of 50% and specificity of 82.5%. Similarly， HFF exhibited an AUC of 0.744 （P < 0.05， 95%CI: 0.637 ~ 0.851）， with a cut-off value of 2.99%， sensitivity of 97.5%， and specificity of 42%. In male patients， VATV displayed an optimal threshold for T2DM diagnosis at a volume of approximately 3 466 cm³， resulting in a sensitivity of 63.2%， specificity of 89.5%， and AUC of 0.78（ P < 0.01）. The sensitivity was 78.9% and specificity was 84.2% when SATV， PFF and HFF were combined and the AUC was 0.839 （P < 0.01）. The optimal threshold for diagnosing T2DM with VATV in female patients was 2 103cm³， and the sensitivity， specificity and AUC of T2DM with VATV were 66.7%， 66.7% and 0.68 （P < 0.05）. When SATV， PFF and HFF were combined， the sensitivity was 90.5%. The specificity was 76.2% and the AUC was 0.909 （P < 0.01）. （3）For each additional unit of TG and FBG， the risk of T2DM respectively increased by 3986.3% and 417.1%， in other words， TG and FBG were independent predictors of the occurrence of T2DM. Conclusion The predictive value of pancreatic fat fraction， liver fat fraction， and abdominal visceral fat tissue volume for the onset of type 2 diabetes is limited. However， combining abdominal visceral adipose tissue volume with subcutaneous adipose tissue volume， pancreatic fat fraction， and liver fat fraction significantly enhances the efficacy， sensitivity， and specificity of predicting type 2 diabetes occurrence. The IDEAL-IQ technique offers a convenient method for quantitatively evaluating intra-abdominal ectopic adipose tissue deposition in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It demonstrates advantages such as simplicity， good stability， high reproducibility and holds great potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the relationship between serum leucine 2-rich glycoprotein 1 （LRG1）， lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） with periodontal indicators and periodontal lesions degree in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） and chronic periodontitis （CP）. Methods 112 patients with T2DM combined with CP admitted to our hospital from July 2022 to July 2023 （T2DM combined with CP group） were selected and categorized into mild， moderate， and severe groups according to the degree of periodontal pathology； 112 patients with CP alone （CP group） were selected from our hospital during the same period， and then 112 patients with T2DM alone （T2DM group） were selected； and LRG1， LDH， and periodontal indexes were measured； Pearson method was applied to analyze the correlation between serum LRG1， LDH， and periodontal indicators. The influencing factors of severe T2DM combined with CP were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. ROC curve was plotted to analyze the diagnostic value of serum LRG1 and LDH for severe T2DM combined with CP. Results The levels of LRG1 and LDH in the CP group， T2DM group， and T2DM combined with CP group increased sequentially （P < 0.05）. The levels of serum LRG1， LDH， AL， PD， and BI increased sequentially in the mild， moderate， and severe groups （P < 0.05）. According to Pearson correlation analysis， serum LRG1 was positively correlated with LDH （P < 0.05）. Serum LRG1 and LDH were positively correlated with AL， PD， and BI （P < 0.05）. According to logistic regression analysis， LRG1， LDH， AL， PD， and BI were all factors for severe T2DM combined with CP （P < 0.05）. According to the ROC curve， the AUC for the combined diagnosis of serum LRG1 and LDH in severe T2DM with CP was 0.910， and the combination of the two was better than their individual diagnosis （Z combination vs LRG1= 2.659， Z combination vs LDH=2.627， P < 0.05）. Conclusion LRG1 and LDH are greatly elevated in the serum of patients with T2DM combined with CP， and they are related to periodontal indicators and the periodontal lesions degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the early stages of type 2 diabetes， inducing remission of hyperglycemia has become a global hotspot in the field of diabetes management. In recent years， scholars from both domestic and international communities have established several remission intervention methods， including short-term intensive insulin therapy， life- style intervention， and metabolic surgery. They have also proposed theories such as beta-cell dedifferentiation and liver-pancreas" twin cycle" hypothesis， which have accelerated the growth of clinical and research information in this field. This review summarizes the clinical evidence， basic mechanisms， applicable populations， and exacutive principle points in the field of diabetes remission， with the aim of deepening the understanding of clinical practitio- ners about diabetes remission and laying the foundation for better practice and research in related fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum amyloid A (SAA), procalcitonin (PCT) /blood lactic acid (Lac) ratio, C-reactive protein (CRP) /albumin (Alb) ratio and prognosis in patients with type 2 diabetic ketoacidosis complicated with infection. Methods: 178 patients with type 2 diabetic ketoacidosis complicated with infection who were admitted to the General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command of Chinese People’s Liberation Army from February 2020 to May 2023 were selected, patients were divided into survival group and death group according to the clinical outcome of 28 d after admission. The serum SAA, PCT/Lac ratio and CRP/Alb ratio were compared between two groups. The factors affecting the prognosis of patients with type 2 diabetic ketoacidosis complicated with infection were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression model, the value of serum SAA, PCT/Lac ratio and CRP/Alb ratio in predicting the prognosis of patients with type 2 diabetic ketoacidosis complicated with infection were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: 28 d after admission, 31 patients died, with a mortality rate of 17.42%. The serum SAA, PCT/Lac ratio and CRP/Alb ratio in death group were higher than those in survival group (P＜0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that, the severity of type 2 diabetic ketoacidosis, the increase of SAA level, the increase of PCT/Lac ratio and the increase of CRP/Alb ratio were the risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with type 2 diabetic ketoacidosis complicated with infection (P＜0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that, the area under the curve (AUC) of serum SAA, PCT/Lac ratio, CRP/Alb ratio and their combination in predicting the prognosis of patients with type 2 diabetic ketoacidosis complicated with infection were 0.781, 0.704, 0.852 and 0.901, respectively. Conclusion: Serum SAA, PCT/Lac ratio and CRP/Alb ratio of patients with type 2 diabetic ketoacidosis complicated with infection increased, and they are risk factors for the prognosis of patients. The combination of serum SAA, PCT/Lac ratio and CRP/Alb ratio has a higher predictive value for the prognosis of patients with type 2 diabetic ketoacidosis complicated with infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyse the changes of bone metabolic markers in type 2 diabetes patients with osteoporosis, and analyze the risk factors. Methods: Eighty patients with type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis admitted to our hospital from January 2022 to December 2022 were selected as the research objects, and they were divided into osteoporosis group. Eighty patients with type 2 diabetes and non osteoporosis admitted to our hospital in the same period were selected as the non osteoporosis group, and 80 healthy volunteers who came to our hospital for physical examination in the same period were selected as the control group. The expression level of bone metabolic markers in three groups of subjects was compared, and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was used as the "gold standard" for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. The ROC curve of subjects was established, and the critical value of related bone metabolic markers for the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes with osteoporosis was analyzed. Finally, the disease risk factors were analyzed. Results: There was no significant difference in the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), blood phosphorus (P), and calcium (Ca) among the three groups of subjects (P＞0.05). However, there were differences in the levels of urinary type 1 collagen C-terminal peptide (CTX-1), osteocalcin, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) among the three groups of subjects. There were also differences in the levels of CTX-1, osteocalcin, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) among the three groups of subjects PTH was higher than that of the non osteoporosis group and control group, while osteocalcin was lower than that of the non osteoporosis group and control group (P＜0.05); The critical value of CTX-1 for the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes with osteoporosis was 525.74 μg/mmoL Cr, the sensitivity was 83.35%, the specificity was 67.95%, the critical value of osteocalcin was 14.12ng/L, the sensitivity was 81.27%, the specificity was 79.46%, and the critical value of PTH was 45.75 pmol/L, the sensitivity was 74.84%, the specificity was 81.36%; There was no difference between the osteoporosis group and the non osteoporosis group in terms of gender, duration of diabetes, combined with other basic diseases, peripheral neuropathy, and fasting blood glucose (P＞0.05). There were differences between the osteoporosis group and the non osteoporosis group in terms of age, BMI, peripheral vascular disease, diabetes nephropathy, retinopathy, glycosylated hemoglobin, CTX-1, osteocalcin, and PTH levels (P＜0.05); Age, diabetes nephropathy, retinopathy, glycosylated hemoglobin, CTX-1, osteocalcin, PTH were independent risk factors for type 2 diabetes with osteoporosis (P＜0.05). Conclusion: The levels of CTX-1 and PTH in type 2 diabetes patients with osteoporosis increase and osteocalcin decreases. The three can provide important reference for the clinical diagnosis of type 2 diabetes patients with osteoporosis. Age, diabetes nephropathy, retinopathy, glycosylated hemoglobin, CTX-1, osteocalcin and PTH are independent risk factors for type 2 diabetes patients with osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: To investigate the improvement effect of blood flow-limited resistance training on renal fibrosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats and its potential mechanism to attenuate renal fibrosis by inhibiting the trans⁃ forming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad3 signaling pathway. METHODS: The T2DM model was prepared by combining a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ), and after successful modeling, the rats were randomly divided into a T2DM control group, a low-load resistance training group, a high-load resistance training group, a blood flow restriction group and a blood flow restriction combined with resistance training group for 8 weeks of exercise. The renal index, fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum creatinine (SCr), and blood urea nitrogen (BNU) were recorded in each group. The morphological changes of the kidneys were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson’s trichrome staining, and the collagen volume fraction was calculated. The mRNA expression levels of renal Klotho, TGF-β1, and α-smooth muscle actin (α -SMA) were detected by RT-qPCR. The protein expression levels of renal Klotho, TGF- β1, Smad3, phosphorylated Smad3 (p-Smad3), α-SMA and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were detected using Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the other groups, FBG, SCr, BNU, and renal collagen volume fraction were significantly decreased in the blood flow restriction combined with resistance training group of rats (P<0. 05), Klotho expression was significantly increased (P<0. 05), and the expression of TGF-β1, p-Smad3, CTGF and α-SMA was significantly decreased (P<0. 05), and there was no significant change in the expression level of Smad3 (P>0. 05). CONCLUSION: Blood flow restriction combined with resistance training attenuates renal fibrosis in T2DM rats, the mechanism of which may be related to the up-regulation of Klotho expression, disruption of the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway, and inhibition of the deposition of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effects of sennoside A (SA) on the formation of atherosclerotic plaque and the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and its receptor in mice with diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM). Methods • Twelve mice with knocked-out apolipoprotein E gene were randomly divided into two groups, namely the model group and the model+SA group, with six mice in each group. Six C57BL/6J mice with the same genetic background were used as the control group. The control group was fed with normal diet, and the model group and the model+SA group were given intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg) daily on the basis of high-fat diet to establish a model of T2DM. The model+SA group was given SA daily by gavage for 8 weeks, and the control group and the model group were given equal volume of distillation-distillation H2O by gavage. The body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and 2-h postprandial blood glucose of mice were compared before and after modeling and treatment. The area of aortic plaque was observed by oil red O staining and hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) staining, and the level of 5-HT in serum and thoracic aorta was measured by ELISA kit. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B (HTR2B) and serotonin transporter (SERT) in thoracic aorta of mice. Results • Compared with the control group, the body weight, FBG and 2-h postprandial blood glucose in the model group increased, and glucose metabolism was disordered. The expression of HTR2B and SERT protein in thoracic aorta increased, while the concentration of 5-HT in thoracic aorta decreased. The serum 5-HT concentration increased (all P<0.05). After treatment with SA, compared with the model group, the body weight of the model+SA group decreased, and FBG and 2-h postprandial blood glucose were significantly improved. The area of aortic plaque and the expression of HTR2B and SERT protein in thoracic aorta significantly decreased, while the concentration of 5-HT increased. The serum 5-HT concentration decreased (all F<0.05). Conclusion • SA can reduce atherosclerotic plaque area in T2DM mice, which may be related to lowering blood glucose and inhibiting the expression of 5-HT and its receptor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of New Remedies & Clinic / Shin'Yaku to Rinsho is the property of Iyaku-Joho-Kenkyujo, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of a combination therapy using Jinghong decoc- tion and metformin sustained-release tablet in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods A total of 100 patients with clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients from our center were randomly assigned into three groups: control group 1 (treated with metformin sustained-release tablet), control group 2 (treated with traditional Chinese medicine Jinghong decoction), and the observation group (treated with a combination of Jinghong decoction and metformin sustained-release tablet). The group sizes were 30,30, and 40, respectively. Results The effective rate in the observation group was 90.0%, significantly higher than 70.0% and 13.3% in control groups 1 and 2,respectively, with statistical significance (P<0.05). Post-treatment, the observation group showed lower blood glucose levels compared to the control groups, with statistical significance (P< 0.05). Additionally, adverse reactions were milder in the observation group based on observations. Conclusion The combination of Jinghong decoction and metformin sustained-release tablet effectively im- proves clinical symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus with fewer adverse effects, suggesting its potential for widespread clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Studies have found that glucagon-like peptide-1 and its analogues have a significant neuroprotective effect, and some drugs have been applied to the clinical stage III study of Alzheimer’s disease. However, the mechanism of its neuroprotective effect is still unclear, which needs to be further explored and clarified. OBJECTIVE: To screen out the genes related to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease and the related targets of semaglutide for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease based on bioinformatics and network pharmacology analyses, to identify the potential target genes by comprehensive analysis of the two and to verify them at the cellular level. METHODS: Using DisGeNET database, differentially expressed genes between Alzheimer’s disease patients and healthy population were screened out. The chemical structure formula and two-dimensional structure diagram of semaglutide were obtained using PubChem online database. GO/KEGG enrichment analysis was performed using DAVID online database. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed by using the STRING database. The HPA database was used to determine the distribution characteristics of the target proteins in various human tissues. Finally, western blot was used to detect relevant protein expression in HT22 cells after semaglutide intervention. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With the dataset in DisGeNET database, 3 374 differentially expressed genes between Alzheimer’s disease patients and healthy people were obtained, and meanwhile, 101 target genes of semaglutide potential drugs were obtained. There were 23 intersection genes between them. Ten key genes were identified based on the protein-protein interaction network, which were silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), CASP9, CCND1, CASP1, KEAP1, DLG4, CASP4, GRB2, GRIA1, and EDNRA. The results of GO gene functional annotation analysis of key genes showed that the positive regulatory activity of cysteine endopeptidase, the positive regulation of proteolysis, and the positive regulation of cysteine endopeptidase involved the cytoplasmic part of the apoptotic activity process; AMPA glutamate receptor complex, inflammatory complex, CARD domain binding, cysteine endopeptidase activity, and cysteine endopeptidase activity were involved in the apoptotic process. The results of KEGG signaling pathway analysis indicated that colorectal cancer, non-small cell carcinoma, and endometrial carcinoma were related to immune infiltration, inflammation and autophagic apoptosis. In addition, according to the association ranking of key genes and their distribution in different tissues of HPA online database, SIRT1 was identified as the most significant differential gene. The expression level of SIRT1 protein was significantly down-regulated in HT22 cells after β-amyloid protein 1-42 treatment, but it could be significantly increased after being treated with semaglutide. To conclude, SIRT1 may be a target gene for semaglutide in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the efficacy of Yiqi Huoxue Huayu Decoction combined with dapagliflozin in the treatment patients with of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with chronic heart failure(CHF) and its effects on blood glucose control, cardiac function, inflammatory factors and oxidative stress. Methods A total of 116 T2DM patients complicated with CHF admitted to Xinzheng Public People's Hospital from June 2022 to December 2023 were selected and divided into the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) com- bination group and the dapagliflozin group by random number table method, with 58 cases in each group. The dapagliflozin group was treated with dapagliflozin, and the TCM combination group was treated with Yiqi Huoxue Huayu Decoction combined with dapagliflozin. After eight weeks of treatment, the clinical efficacy. blood glucose control [fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 h postmeal blood glucose (2 hPG), glycated hemoglobin HbAlc) level,cardiac function indexes [heart rate, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),6 min walking distance, N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP) and inflammatory factors interleukin-6 (IL-6), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-α)], oxidative stress indexes [ma- londialdehyde(MDA), nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD)]. Results After 8 weeks of treatment, the total clinical effective rate of TCM combination group was 96.55% (56/58), which was higher than 84.48% (49/58) of the dapagliflozin group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After 8 weeks of treatment, the levels of FBG, 2 hPG, HbAlc, heart rate and plasma NT-proBNP in the TCM combination group were lower than those in the dapagliflozin group, while LVEF and 6 min walking distance were higher than those in dapagliflozin group, the differences were statistically significant (P< 0.05). After 8 weeks of treatment, the serum levels of IL-6,hs-CRP, TNF-α and MDA in the TCM combination group were lower than those in the dapagliflozin group, and the serum levels of NO, CAT and SOD were higher than those in the dapagliflozin group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). During the treatment, the total incidence of adverse reactions in the TCM combination group was 6.90% (4/58), which was slightly lower than 13. 79% (8/58) in the dapagliflozin group, but with no statistical significance (P>0.05). Conclusion Yiqi Huoxue Huayu Decoction combined with dapagliflozin has a significant effect in the treatment of T2DM patients with CHF, which can effectively regulate blood glucose, improve cardiac function, alleviate oxidative stress and reduce inflammation, with high safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the value of microRNA-351 (miR-351) and microRNA-29b (miR-29b) in evaluating the prognosis of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with heart failure (HF). Methods A total of 145 patients with T2DM and HF treated from February 2020 to January 2022 were enrolled as the observation group. Concurrently, 141 healthy individuals were selected as the control group. After 3 months of treatment, patients were followed up and categorized into two groups based on prognosis; the good prognosis group (n=90) and the poor prognosis group (n=55). Levels of miR-351, miR29b, N-terminal precursor B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and left ventricular end diastolic dimension (LVEDD) were compared between the observation group and the control group. Clinical data, cardiacfunction indicators, and levels of HbA1c, NT-proBNP, miR-351, and miR-29b were compared between the good and poor prognosis groups. The correlation of these factors with prognosis and their predictive value for poor prognosis were analyzed. Results HbA1c, NT-proBNP, miR-351, and LVEDD levels in the observation group were significantly higher, while miR-29b and LVEF levels were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). HbA1c, NT - proBNP, miR-351, and LVEDD levels in the poor prognosis group were significantly higher, while miR-29b and LVEF levels were significantly lower than those in the good prognosis group (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in medication usage and comorbid conditions between the two prognosis groups (P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that miR-351 and miR-29b were significantly associated with prognosis in T2DM patients with HF (P<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) for miR-351 and miR-29b in predicting prognosis were 0. 632 and 0. 642, respectively, with the combined AUC being the highest at 0. 829. Conclusion The levels of miR-351 and miR-29b are abnormally expressed in patients with T2DM and HF and are correlated with patient prognosis. Combined detection of these factors is valuable for prognosis assessment, suggesting that clinical management should focus on controlling these factors to improve patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the differences of species composition and functional composition of intestinal microorganisms among Tibetan diabetic population, pre-diabetic population and normal population, so as to provide research basis for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes in Tibetan population. Methods Based on the follow-up population of the natural population in southwest China, 111 Tibetan residents in Lhasa were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and their demographic and anthropometric information, blood and fecal samples were collected. According to fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels, they were divided into diabetes group, pre-diabetic group, and normal group. The microflora in feces was determined by macro genomic sequencing, the composition and function differences of intestinal microflora in different populations were compared by bioinformatics methods, and the correlation between phenotype and intestinal microorganisms was analyzed by Spearman rank correlation and linear regression. Results The intestinal abundance of Clostridium pullulans in diabetic population was significantly lower than that in pre-diabetic population and normal population (FDR < 0.050), while Klebsiella pneumoniae was enriched in diabetic population (LDA=3.015, P=0.015). Nucleoside and nucleotide biosynthesis pathways were enriched in diabetics, while pathways related to short-chain fatty acid biosynthesis were enriched in normal people. There was a significant positive correlation between Lactococcus germane and blood glucose (r=0.094). There was a significant negative correlation between Bailey and blood glucose (r=-0.148). Conclusion The intestinal microbiological disorders in Tibetan patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are characterized by the decrease of beneficial bacteria, the increase of harmful bacteria and the decrease of short-chain fatty acid synthesis-related pathways, which are closely related to the occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies is the property of Editorial Department of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1).high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) levels and coronary arterylesions in patients with coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus (CDM), Methods A total of 309 patients who underwent coronary angiography in the Department of Cardiology of this hospital from June 2021 to September 2022 were selected as the study subjects. According to the diagnosis of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), they were divided into control group(82 cases without coronary heart disease and T2DM).coronary heart disease(CHD) group (75 cases), T2DM group (50 cases) and combined CDM group (102 cases). The biochemical indexes including total cholesterol (TC).triglyceride(TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).etc.] and the levels of HMGB1 and hs-CRP were compared among the four groups. According to different coronary angiography SYNTAX score CDM group was divided into low score group (22 points. 29 cases), middle score group (22-33 points. 35 cases) and high score group33 points, 38 cases). The levels of HMGB1 and hs-CRP in CDM patients with different SYNTAX scores were compared among the three groups, and their correlation with coronary artery disease was analyzed. Results There were no significant differences in gender, age, smoking history, hypertension history.and body mass index (BMI) among four groups (P>0.05). The levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, hs-CRP.and HMGB1 in the CDM group were significantly higher than those in CHD group, T2DM group and control group and the levels of HDLC were significantly lower than those in CHD group, T2DM group and control group. the differences were statistically significant (P<0,05). There were no significant differences in gender, age,smoking history hypertension history and body mass index among the three groups of CDM patients with different SYNTAX scores(P>0.05). The levels of TG.TC.LDLC.HMGB1 and hs-CRP in high score group were significantly higher than those in middle score group and low score group, and the levels of HDLC were significantly lower than those in middle score group and low score group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The levels of HMGB1 and hs-CRP were positively correlated with SYNTAX score correlation coefficient (r)=0.455.0.449.P<0.05]. HMGB1 was also positively correlated with hs-CRP(r=0,282,P< 0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of HMGB1 combined with hs-CRP in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease in CDM patients (0,873) was significantly larger than that of HMGB1 and hs-CRP alone(0.848 and 0.725.respectively). Conclusion There are more serious lipid metabolism disorders and complex inflammatory reactions in CDM patients, which may accelerate the progression of coronary artery disease. HMGB1 and hs-CRP were positively correlated with SYNTAX score in CDM patients, and the combined detection of HMGB1 and hs-CRP may have higher predictive and diagnostic value for coronary artery disease in CDM patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the causal association between gut microbiota and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using two 一 sample Mendelian randomization. Methods The data of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of gut microbiota as an exposure factor and type 2 diabetes mellitus as an outcome variable were obtained from the public genome - wide association study database. MR 一 Egger, weighted median method, inverse variance weighted method (IVW), simple model, and weighted model were used for MR Analysis. The MR - Egger method and IVW method were used for heterogeneity analysis. MR 一 Egger intercept was used to test the pleiotropy of the data, and the leave 一 one 一 out method was used for sensitivity analysis to evaluate the robustness of the results. Results A total of 7 gut microbiota were found to be associated with type 2 diabetes in East Asians, and the risk bacteria were Eubacteriumnodatumgroup, Ruminococcaceae I/CCOIO, Lachnospiraceae NK4-A136 group, Victivall, and protect bacteria were EiUerorhabdus, Erysipelatoclostridium, Romboutsia, There were a total of four kinds of intestinal flora in the European population associated with type 2 diabetes, dangerous bacteria were Howardella, Eubacteriumruminantiumgroup, Eubacteriunwentriosumgroup, and protect bacteria were Family'XIIIAD30i 1 group. Conclusion Specific gut microbiota may have causal effects on the risk of type 2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyse the relationship between the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and to construct and evaluate the predictive model for the occurrence of T2DM by machine learning methods. Methods Totally 1 425 study subjects were screened in the NHANES database, including 1132 non-T2DM patients and 293 T2DM patients. The clinical data of non-T2DM patients and T2DM patients were compared, and those with statistically significant differences were taken for further screening of boruta features to clarify the relationship between T2DM occurrence and PBDEs and their influencing factors. The screened influencing factors for the occurrence of T2DM were input into R software, and the data were randomly partitioned according to 80% training set and 20% validation set using the R software create Data Partition function. Seven algorithms, including logistic regression (Logistcs), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), light gradient boosting (LightGBM), adaptive boosting (Ad aBoost), K-nearest neighbours (KNN), plain Bayesian (CNB), and support vector machine (SVM) were used to con⁃ struct the machine learning model, and the training set was input into the model for training, and the validation set was in⁃ put into the model. The model was internally validated using ten-fold cross-validation pairs. The models were evaluated by combining the ROC curve and AUC, and the model with the best prediction performance was selected for external validation. The best predictive model was externally validated by selecting 71 cases of adult T2DM patients and 100 cases of health check-ups from the Department of Endocrinology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University. The SHAP tool was used to analyse the interpretability of the high-performance prediction models and to judge the importance of each feature of the models in the decision-making process. Results BMI, waist circumference, education level, the proportion with family history of diabetes, serum HDL and serum BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-183, BDE-209 concentrations were higher in T2DM patients than in non-T2DM patients (all P<0. 05). Boruta characteristics screening determined waist circumference, BMI, family history of diabetes and serum BDE- 47, BDE-99, BDE-28, BDE-209, and BDE183 as influencing factors for the occurrence of T2DM, which were incorporated into the machine learning algorithm to construct the predictive model of T2DM occurrence. The XGBoost model had the highest AUC value in both the training set and the internal validation of the validation set, and was in the top rank in terms of accuracy, Kappa value, sensitivity, and specificity, so it was chosen as a high-efficiency prediction model. The results of external validation showed that the XGBoost model had an accuracy of 0. 702, a sensitivity of 0. 549, a specificity of 0. 787, and an AUC (95% CI) of 0. 674 (0. 575-0. 773). Interpretive analyses of the predictions of the XGBoost model by the SHAP tool showed that waist circum⁃ ference and serum BDE-47 were the most important predictive features, while serum BDE-99, BDE-209 and BMI, family history of diabetes had high importance in the model, while serum BDE-28, BDE-183 had relatively low importance in the model. Conclusions Serum BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-28, BDE-209, and BDE-183 are influential factors for the occurrence of T2DM, and the XGBoost model based on serum PBDEs, waist circumference, BMI, family history of diabetes mellitus has a high predictive efficacy for the occurrence of T2DM, which is of value in the prediction of the occurrence of T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Type 2 diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world. The probability of osteoporosis in these patients is much higher than that in non diabetes patients. In addition, the morbidity and mortality rate of diabetes combined with osteoporosis is extremely high, which seriously affects human life and health. Many studies have found that type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis have many common high risk factors and pathogenesis, but the correlation between their drug treatment is still controversial, which fails to give accurate reference value to clinical medication. Therefore, the author summarized the latest references in recent years through induction and analysis, and found that the relationship between the two drugs in drug treatment is very close. For example, some anti type 2 diabetes drugs can not only improve blood sugar level but also regulate bone balance, and some anti osteoporosis drugs have certain value in reducing blood sugar, but the relationship between the two drug treatment needs further research and exploration. Here, the author discusses the correlation between the drug treatment of type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis, and makes a review, hoping to provide some reference value for clinical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To verify the predictive value of FRAX by using rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in patients with T2DM. Methods 324 T2DM patients hospitalized in a Grade A hospital from January to May 2023 were selected and divided into OP and non-OP groups, their general clinical data and bone density were collected, and RA option in FRAX was replaced with T2DM for scoring. The differences in general clinical data and corrected FRAX scores were compared between the two groups. The predictive ability of FRAX after RA correction can be analyzed by logistic regression model and ROC curve, and its intervention threshold can be determined by sensitivity and specificity. Ninety-three T2DM patients who hospitalized during June to July 2023 were used to verify their clinical application value. Results The proportion of women, OP group, higher age, longer diabetes duration, previous fracture history, glucocorticoid use and adjusted MOFP and adjusted HFP were higher than the non-OP group; weight and BMI were lower than the non-OP group (P<0.05). In the validation group, the proportion of women, age, duration of diabetes, BMI, adjusted MOFP, and number of adjusted HFP were higher than those without fracture, with P<0.05. Conclusion The correction for FRAX-MOFP 6% or correction for FRAX-HFP 3% had good accuracy as the intervention threshold, and RA correction for FRAX could improve the probability of fracture risk assessment for T2DM patients in western Guangxi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

目的: 分析达格列净在血糖控制不佳肥胖T2DM中的应用效果。方法: 选取2023年6月-2024年6月本院 82例肥胖T2DM患者开展研究, 均血糖控制不佳, 用随机数字表法平均分为对照组41例, 行西格列汀治疗, 观察组41 例, 行达格列净治疗, 比较两组临床疗效。结果: 观察组的FPG、2hPG、HbA1c、LDL-C、TG、TC、BMI、腰围和 体重均明显低于对照组 (P < 0.05)。结论: 临床治疗肥胖T2DM患者时, 对比西格列汀, 达格列净的降糖脂作用更明 显, 更有助于控制肥胖, 具有推广价值。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on body composition and glucose metabolism-related indexes in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes and to compare the improvement effect of the two exercise modalities, thereby providing a reference basis for the development of exercise prescription for overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: The Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, CNKI, CBM, WanFang, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of HIIT and MICT interventions on body composition and glucose metabolism-related indicators in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes. The search was conducted from database inception to June 2022. Meta-analysis of outcome indicators was performed using RevMan 5.4. RESULTS: (1) A total of 13 randomized controlled trials with 371 subjects were included, and the overall quality of the included studies was relatively high. (2) There was no significant difference in the improvement of body composition between HIIT and MICT [body mass: weighted mean difference (WMD)=2.44, 95% confidence interval (CI): -3.01-7.89, P > 0.05; body mass index: WMD=0.28, 95%CI: -1.21-1.77, P > 0.05; waist circumference: WMD=2.16, 95% CI: -2.04-6.35, P > 0.05; body fat percentage: WMD=0.47, 95%CI: -2.11-3.05, P > 0.05). (3) The results of subgroup analysis showed that there was a significant difference in body mass and body mass index between the “training cycle ≥ 12 weeks” subgroup and the “training frequency ≤ 3 times/week” subgroup (training cycle ≥ 12 weeks subgroup: WMD=4.25, 95% CI: 0.90-7.59, P=0.01; WMD=2.71, 95%CI: 1.92-3.51, P < 0.000 01; training frequency ≤ 3 times/week subgroup: WMD=5.14, 95%CI: 1.7-8.57, P=0.003; WMD=1.67, 95% CI: 0.66-2.67, P=0.001). (4) The results of sensitivity analysis showed that there was a significant difference in body fat percentage between the HIIT and MICT groups (WMD=2.17, 95% CI: 1.20-3.14, P < 0.000 1), while there was no significant difference in the improvement of glucose metabolism between the HIIT and MICT groups (fasting blood glucose: WMD=0.31, 95% CI: -0.17-0.79, P > 0.05; glycosylated hemoglobin: WMD=0.01, 95% CI: -0.19-0.20, P > 0.05; insulin resistance index: WMD=-0.14, 95%CI: -0.71-0.42, P > 0.05). (5) The results of subgroup analysis showed that fasting blood glucose was significantly different in the subgroup of “training frequency ≤ 3 times/week” (WMD=0.92, 95% CI: 0.25-1.60, P=0.007) and glycosylated hemoglobin was significantly different in the “training frequency > 3 times/week” subgroup (WMD=-0.2, 95% CI: -0.3 to -0.1, P < 0.000 1). CONCLUSION: Overall, there is no significant difference between HIIT and MICT in improving body composition such as body mass, body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage as well as improving glucose metabolic indexes such as fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin and insulin resistance index in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes. When the training period is ≥ 12 weeks and the training frequency is ≤ 3 times/week, MICT has a better effect on the improvement of body mass as well as body mass index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: With the in-depth research of hydrogel materials, the applicable fields of hydrogel have been gradually broadened, and carrying stem cells for disease treatment has become a new direction of research, but how to construct a hydrogel suitable for stem cell growth is the key problem that needs to be solved at present. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the physicochemical properties of chitosan-chitosan biguanide hydrochloride-collagen composite hydrogels and to evaluate their ability to load mouse umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: The hydrogels were prepared by physically cross-linking chitosan, chitosan biguanide hydrochloride and collagen with the cross-linking agents β-glycerophosphate sodium and sodium bicarbonate, and the suitable hydrogels were screened according to the gel formation time and gel formation effect (noted as Gel-1, Gel-2 and Gel-3 in this way). Morphology, porosity, swelling properties, and degradability of the three groups of hydrogels were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Hemolysis experiments were performed to examine the hemolysis of the three groups of hydrogels. The mouse umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were co-cultured with the hydrogel with the best comprehensive performance of characterization. The cytotoxicity, cell survival and adhesion effect of the composite hydrogel were determined to evaluate the performance of this hydrogel loaded with umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Scanning electron microscopy characterization results showed that all three groups had porous mesh structures inside, and the internal structure of Gel-2 and Gel-3 with the addition of chitosan biguanide hydrochloride was more porous and three-dimensional. (2) The hydrogel porosity of the Gel-3 group was higher than the remaining two groups, with high porosity and uniform pore size distribution. (3) The swelling performance of all three groups of hydrogels was above 100%, and the swelling performance of hydrogels with chitosan biguanide hydrochloride component was better. (4) The degradation rate of the three groups of hydrogels could be degraded by more than 90% in a time scale of 15 days, with good degradation performance. (5) The results of the hemolytic properties showed that the absorbance values measured by each group of hydrogels carrying chicken erythrocytes were basically the same as those of saline carrying chicken erythrocytes, and no hemolysis occurred. (6) The toxicity experiment and living and dead cell staining showed that the survival rate of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in each group of hydrogels was above 100%, indicating that there was no obvious cytotoxicity. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells could survive under the hydrogel package and the hydrogels had a positive effect on the survival rate of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. (7) The cells in the umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell adhesion assay can survive under the hydrogel package and can adhere to the surface of the hydrogel with normal morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent diseases, which imposes a heavy burden on patients' families and the society. Sleep disorders are recognized as risk factors for the development of diabetes, which may affect the onset and development of diabetes through neuro-endocrino-metabolic pathways, so identifying the factors responsible for the sleep quality of diabetic patients is of great importance in improving their sleep quality. Objective To investigate the relationship among fear of disease progression, executive function and sleep quality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, so as to provide references for improvement of sleep quality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods A sample of 197 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were admitted to the Endocrinology Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of the Air Force Military Medical University from January to May 2023 and met the criteria defined in the Guideline for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in China (2020 edition) were consecutively selected. All subjects were assessed using Fear of Progression Questionnaire- Short Form (FoP-Q-SF), Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult version (BRIEF-A) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) . Then the Process macro for SPSS (Model 4) and Bootstrap technique were applied to examine the mediating effect of executive function on the relationship between fear of disease progression and sleep quality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results ①75 patients (38. 07%) with type 2 diabetes mellitus were found to have sleep problems. ②PSQI score in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was positively correlated with FoP-Q-SF score and BRIEF-A score (r=0. 159, 0. 287, P<0. 01). ③ Executive function mediated the relationship between fear of disease progression and sleep quality, the indirect value was 0. 076 (95% CI： 0. 022~0. 146), accounting for 39. 58% of the total effect. Conclusion Sleep disorders are common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and executive function may play a medicating role in the relationship between fear of disease progression and sleep quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: To investigate the effect of vaccarin (VAC) on endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to uncover the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: (1) C57BL/6 mice received intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and were fed with a high-fat diet (21. 8 kJ/kg, 60% of the energy source was fat) to construct a T2DM mouse model. Thirty mice were randomly divided into control, T2DM and T2DM+VAC groups, with 10 mice in each group. The mice in T2DM+VAC group were given 1 mg/kg VAC via oral gavage for 6 weeks, while those in control and T2DM groups were given the same volume of PBS. The mRNA and protein expression levels of BCL2-interacting protein 3(BNIP3), PTEN-induced kinase 1(PINK1) and parkin in the thoracic aorta were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. (2) Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were stimulated by high glucose (HG；35 mmol/L glucose). Mitochondrial membrane potential, autophagy and mitochondrial superoxide levels were detected using JC-1, acridine orange (AO) and MitoSOX staining, respectively. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the mRNA and protein levels of BNIP3, PINK1 and parkin were significantly increased in the thoracic aorta of T2DM mice (P<0. 05). Compared with T2DM group, the mRNA and protein levels of BNIP3, PINK1 and parkin in the thoracic aorta were significantly reduced in T2DM+VAC group (P<0. 05). The results of JC-1, AO and MitoSOX staining showed that VAC attenuated the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and the increase in autophagy and mitochondrial superoxide levels in HG-induced HUVECs. Treatment with VAC also inhibited HG-mediated mitochondrial damage in HUVECs after BNIP3 overexpression. The effect of miR-570-3p mimic on mitochondrial damage was similar to VAC. RT-qPCR and Western blot showed that both miR-570-3p mimic and VAC significantly reduced the mRNA and protein levels of BNIP3, PINK1 and parkin. In contrast, inhibition of miR-570-3p exhibited the opposite effects. CONCLUSION: Treatment with VAC alleviated endothelial dysfunction in T2DM by inhibiting HG-induced mitochondrial dysfunction through miR-570-3p/BNIP3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the effect of moderate-intensity swimming exercise on liver glucose and lipid metabolism disorder in type 2 diabetic rats and possible mechanism. Method: Eight- week- old male SD rats were randomly selected as a blank control group (negative control group, NC group) and fed with normal food, while the rest were fed with high-fat and high-sugar adaptively for one week. Streptozotocin (Streptozotocin, STZ, 30mg/kg)was injected intraperitoneally to produce the T2DM rat model. Sixteen rats were randomly selected as type 2 diabetes model group (diabetic model group, DC group) and type 2 diabetes aerobic exercise group (diabetic swimming group, DS group), with eight rats in each group. Aerobic exercise was intervened by non-weight-bearing swimming. After 3 days of adaptive training, the exercise time was 15min/day, and gradually increased to 60min/day, 5 days/week, for a total of 8 weeks of training. During the experiment, the body weight, blood sugar, and liver index of rats in each group were detected；ELISA was used to detect the serum insulin (insulin), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL- C), HDL Lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL- C) and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels；the expression changes of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)and adiponectin (ADPN)in liver tissue were detected. Result: After 8 weeks of aerobic exercise intervention, compared with the DC group, the rats in the DS group had significantly increased body weight, significantly decreased blood sugar (P<0.01), and significantly increased serum insulin and HDL-C levels (P<0.01). The serum TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and TC, TG, LDL-C, ALT, AST levels were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The liver index and oil red O staining positive area decreased significantly (P<0.01).The positive area of liver glycogen staining increased significantly (P<0.01), with neatly arranged liver tissue cells and alleviated fat vacuoles, lipid droplets and inflammatory cell infiltration. The protein and mRNA expression levels of PPARγ, GLUT4 and ADPN in the liver were significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the levels of PPARγ and ADPN immunofluorescence positive cells were significantly increased (P<0.01). The levels of mRNA and immunofluorescence positive cells of NFκB were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The mRNA level of ADIPOR2 was also significantly increased (P<0.05), and the protein levels of NF-κB and IL-6 were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Conclusion: 8-week moderate-intensity swimming exercise can improve the disturbance of glucose and lipid metabolism by regulating the inflammatory response in the liver of T2DM rats, and the mechanism may be related to the PPARγ/NF-κB/ADPN pathway [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the correlation between C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and its gene polymorphism with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM) . Methods From October 1, 2021, to September 30, 2022, 100 patients with T2 DM were selected as the T2 DM group, and 100 healthy individuals from the same period were chosen as the control group. Coagulation specimens were collected from both groups. PCR reaction and sequencing techniques were used to determine the genotype distribution of the CRP gene rs2794521 (CRP-717 A/G) locus. Clinical data were collected, and the correlation between CRP and its gene polymorphism with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), derived neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and T2 DM was analyzed. Results The AA gene frequency in the T2 DM group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P＜0.05) . Compared with the A/G + G/G genotype, carriers of the A/A genotype had elevated CRP levels (P＜0.05) . There was no statistically significant difference in other clinical indicators among different genotypes (P＞0.05) . Pearson correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between CRP levels and BMI, PLR, MLR, and SII (P＜0.05) . There were no statistically significant differences in basic data such as gender, TCH, and monocyte count between the two groups (P＞0.05) . However, age, BMI, TG, NLR, PLR, dNLR, SII, and CRP showed statistically significant differences between the two groups (P＜0.05) . Multifactor logistic regression analysis indicated that TG (OR=1.945), NLR (OR=2.022), SII (OR=7.312), PLR (OR=1.512), dNLR (OR=2.121), CRP (OR=10.126), and CRP-A/A (OR=2.132) were risk factors for type 2 diabetes (P＜0.05) . Conclusion The CRP gene A/A polymorphism may be a genetic risk factor for T2 DM; carriers of this genotype have higher CRP levels. Elevated TG, NLR, SII, PLR, dNLR, and C-reactive protein are risk factors for type 2 diabetes. CRP levels are positively correlated with BMI, NLR, SII, PLR, and dNLR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the factors affecting plasma β-amyloid (Aβ) level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: 415 patients with T2DM who were hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology and Geriatrics of the Ninth Hospital of Xi'an were selected. Another 176 patients matched for age, gender, education level, history of macrovascular disease (history of heart disease), without diabetes, and meeting the exclusion criteria were selected as the control group (NC group). Plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels were measured using ELISA, and the correlation between blood glucose and plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels was assessed by Pearson correlation analysis, and the factors affecting Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels were assessed by Multivariate linear regression analysis. Results: Compared with the NC group, patients in the T2DM group had significantly higher levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and triglyceride (TG) (P<0.05), and significantly lower levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (P<0.05); plasma Aβ40 levels were significantly higher (P=0.002), but plasma Aβ42 levels were significantly lower (P<0.001). Plasma Aβ42 levels were significantly lower in T2DM patients with cognitive abnormalities compared with T2DM patients with normal cognitive function (P=0.025); FBG was negatively correlated with plasma Aβ42 levels in T2DM patients (r=-0.099, P=0.016); and multiple linear regression analyses showed that HDL and TG levels were the factors influencing plasma Aβ40 levels (P=0.002, P=0.027) and also affected plasma Aβ42 levels (P=0.004). Conclusion: Plasma Aβ40 levels were significantly higher and plasma Aβ42 levels were significantly lower in patients with T2DM. Plasma Aβ42 levels were significantly lower in T2DM patients with concomitant cognitive abnormalities. HDL and TG levels are factors that influence plasma Aβ levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease with elevated blood sugar due to insufficient insulin secretion and (or) insulin resistance. Among its many complications, osteoporosis is often ignored because it has no obvious symptoms in its early stage. The novel anti osteoporosis drug RANKL inhibitor, Desumab, is a fully humanized monoclonal antibody (IgG2 class) that inhibits bone resorption, increases bone density, and may also have a certain improvement effect on glucose metabolism. At present, there is no ideal solution for diabetes osteoporosis clinically. Therefore, it is particularly important to find a clinical drug that can improve bone metabolism and control blood sugar. This article will systematically review the latest progress of the effects of desumab on glucose metabolism and bone metabolism in type 2 diabetes, and provide a theoretical basis for the rational use of desumab in diabetes induced osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the correlation between the expression of serum microRNA (miR) -103a and microRNA (miR) -497 and micro vascular disease (MVD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) . Methods Patients diagnosed with T2DM in Tangshan Union Medical College Hospital from May 2022 to April 2023 were selected as the study group (n=113),which were divided into type 2 diabetes microangiopathy (DMAP) group (n=51) and T2DM group (n=62) according to whether MVD was complicated. Healthy subjects in the same period were selected as control group (n=105) . Clinical data were collected,and real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was applied to detect serum levels of miR-103a and miR-497. Logistic regression was applied to analyze the influencing factors of T2DM complicated with MVD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to analyze the diagnostic value of serum miR-103a and miR-497 levels in T2DM complicated with MVD. Results The serum levels of miR-103a (0. 62 ± 0. 13) and miR-497 (0. 79 ± 0. 14) in the study group were lower than those in the control group (0. 96±0. 16,1. 03±0. 18),with significant differences (t=17. 273,11. 031,all P＜0. 05) . The serum levels of miR-103a (0. 53 ± 0. 08) and miR-497 (0. 69 ± 0. 10) in the DMAP group were lower than those in the T2DM group (0. 69±0. 10,0. 87±0. 13),with significant differences (t=9. 247,8. 108,all P＜0. 05) . The proportions of patients with a disease course of ≥8 years and concomitant hyperlipidemia,and the levels of FBG,TC,Scr and BUN in the DMAP group were higher than in the T2DM group,with significant differences (t/χ²=8. 294,15. 342,-2. 855,-5. 659,-8. 951,-3. 880,all P＜0. 05) . The area under curve (AUC) of serum miR-103a,miR-497 and their combination in the diagnosis of T2DM with MVD were 0. 899,0. 897 and 0. 970,respectively. The combined diagnosis effect was better than that of individual diagnosis (Z=2. 268,2. 267,all P＜0. 05) . The results of logistic regression analysis showed that FBG (OR=1. 879,95%CI:1. 262-2. 797),TC (OR=2. 141,95%CI:1. 348～3. 400),and Scr (OR=3. 417,95%CI:1. 569-7. 440) were independent risk factors for T2DM with MVD (all P＜0. 05),while miR-103a (OR=0. 784,95%CI:0. 648～0. 948) and miR-497 (OR=0. 839,95%CI:0. 750～0. 938) were protective factors for T2DM with MVD (all P＜0. 05) . Conclusion The serum miR-103a and miR-497 were low in patients with T2DM complicated with MVD,which may be potential markers for the diagnosis of T2DM complicated with MVD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective To investigate the relationship between body fat distribution and insulin resistance (IR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM）.Methods A total of 2 790 T2DM patients hospitalized in the department of endocrinology of the hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were selected and divided into the IR group (1 915 cases) and the non-IR group (875 cases) according to the presence or absence of IR.IR status was assessed by TyG index, and the correlation between visceral adipose tissue (VAT）,subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) area and other clinical indicators (body mass index (BMI）,glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c）,triglyceride (TG）,low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL）,etc.）,and the influence of body fat distribution area on IR were analyzed.Results BMI,waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, diastolic blood pressure, TG, TyG index, uric acid, creatinine level and VAT area in male patients were higher than those in female patients, while age, waist-to-height ratio, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol, HDL,LDL level and SAT area were lower than those in female patients, with statistical significance (P＜0.05）.VAT area were positively correlated with BMI,systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio,TG,TyG index, and uric acid level (r＞0,P＜0.05）,and negatively correlated with HbA1c and HDL level (r＜0,P＜0.05）.SAT area was positively correlated with BMI,waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio,cholesterol, LDL, TyG index, and uric acid level (r＞0,P＜0.05）,and negatively correlated with HDL level (r＜0,P＜0.05）.Diastolic blood pressure, waist-to-hip ratio, HbA1c, uric acid level, VAT and SAT area in the IR group were higher than those in the non-IR group, while age, systolic blood pressure and HDL level were lower than those in the non-IR group, with statistical significance (P＜0.05）.VAT area, diastolic blood pressure and HbA1c were independent risk factors for IR (OR＞1,P＜0.05）,while HDL was protective factor (OR＜1,P＜0.05）.Conclusion There is gender difference in body fat distribution in T2DM patients, and VAT is a risk factor for IR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的　观察线粒体解偶联蛋白 2 (UCP2) 基因多态性, 分析 UCP2 基因启动子区域基因型与糖尿病肾病 (DKD) 发病的关系。方法 2 型糖尿病 (T2DM) 患者 180 例, 根据尿白蛋白/肌酐比值 (ACR) 和预估肾小球滤过率 (eGFR) 分为 DKD 患者 92 例 [糖尿病肾病组, ACR≥30 mg/g、eGFR<60 mL/ (min·1. 73 m2 ) ] 和单纯糖尿病患者 88 例 [单纯组, ACR<30 mg/g、eGFR≥60 mL/ (min·1. 73 m² ) ], 采用多重聚合酶链反应进行 UCP2 基因测序, 另利用二元 Logistic回归分析 UCP2基因启动子区域位点-866G/A三种基因型 (A/A、G/A、G/G) 与 DKD的关系。结果　糖尿病 肾病组-866G/A 位点 G/G 基因型频率为 33. 0%、G/A 基因型频率为 40. 9%、A/A 基因型频率为 26. 1%, 单纯糖尿病 组分别为30. 4%、56. 5%、13. 0%, 两组A/A基因型频率比较, P均<0. 05; 糖尿病肾病组Ala55Val位点C/C基因型频 率为 31. 8%、C/T 基因型频率为 42. 0%、T/T 基因型频率为 26. 1%, 单纯糖尿病组分别为 28. 3%、57. 6%、14. 1%, 两 组比较, P 均>0. 05; 糖尿病肾病组 45bp INS/DEL 位点 DEL/DEL 基因型频率为 73. 9%、DEL/INS 基因型频率为 23. 9%、INS/INS基因型频率为2. 3%, 单纯糖尿病组分别为84. 8%、13. 0%、2. 2%, 两组比较, P均>0. 05。在-866G/A 隐性模型中, A/A 基因型是 DKD 发生的风险因素, 相比于 G/A 和 G/G, A/A 基因型发生 DKD 的风险增高 2. 359 倍 [2. 359 (1. 091～5. 099), P=0. 029] ; 当矫正性别、年龄后, A/A基因型发生DKD的风险增高2. 491倍 [2. 491 (1. 142～ 5. 437), P=0. 022] ; 当进一步矫正性别、年龄、糖尿病病程、糖化血红蛋白、尿酸、总胆固醇后, A/A基因型发生DKD 的风险增高 2. 491倍 [2. 489 (1. 004～6. 172), P=0. 049] 。在-866G/A 显性模型中, 相比于 G/G 基因型, G/A 和 A/A 基因型发生 DKD的风险无统计学差异。结论 UCP2基因启动子区域存在 3个位点的基因多态性, 包括-866G/A、 Ala55Val 以及 45bp 插入缺失突变, 其中-866G/A 与 DKD 的发生密切相关, A/A 基因型患者发生 DKD 的风险高于 G/A、G/G基因型。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the effects of diabetes distress (DD) and depressive symptoms (DS) on self - efficacy in community patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to explore the mediating effect of DD on DS and self - efficacy. Methods A total of 648 community patients with T2DM in Nanjing were selected by convenience sampling method and investigated with the general information questionnaire, Diabetes Distress Scale, 9 一 item Patient Health Questionnaire and Diabetes self - efficacy Scale. A multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of self 一 efficacy, and mediating effect analysis was used to explore the mediating role of DD. Results The prevalence of DD and DS was 27. 5% and 40. 4%, respectively, and the self - efficacy score was 3. 82 ± 0. 60. DD and DS were significantly positively correlated (r 二 0. 56, P <0. 01), and both were negatively correlated with self - efficacy. DD (仔二 - 0. 34, P < 0. 01) and DS (仔二-0. 16, P < 0. 01) were the influencing factors of self - efficacy, and DD had a partial mediating effect between DS and self 一 efficacy, Bootstrap 95% confidence interval was 一 0. 28 - -0. 16 (P < 0. 01). Conclusion Community health workers need to conduct early screening and treatment of DD and DS in T2DM patients, which can help improve patients' self - efficacy inmanaging the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the relationships between serum peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α（PGC-1α) and α1-antitrypsin (A1AT) levels and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD）. Methods Totally 184 patients with T2DM (T2DM group) and another 60 healthy volunteers for physical examination during the same period (control group) were selected, and the patients with T2DM were classified into the NAFLD group (95 patients) and the non-NAFLD group (89 patients) according to whether they had NAFLD or not. Serum PGC-1α and A1AT levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Factors af; fecting T2DM combined with NAFLD were analyzed using multifactorial Logistic regression, and the predictive value of se; rum PGC-1α and A1AT levels for T2DM combined with NAFLD was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results Compared with the control group, serum PGC-1α and A1AT levels were reduced in the T2DM group (both P<0. 05）. Compared with the non-NAFLD group, serum PGC-1α and A1AT levels were reduced in the NAFLD group (both P<0. 05）. Increased body mass index, prolonged duration of T2DM, hypertension, and elevated total of cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine transaminase were independent risk factors for NAFLD in combination with T2DM, and elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol，PGC-1α, and A1AT were independent protective factors (all P<0. 05）. The area under the curve (AUC) of serum PGC1α and A1AT levels combined in predicting T2DM combined with NAFLD was 0. 885, which was greater than that of se; rum PGC-1α and A1AT levels alone, which were 0. 788 and 0. 786（both P<0. 05）. Conclusion Reduced serum PGC1α and A1AT levels are closely associated with T2DM combined with NAFLD, and the combination of serum PGC-1α and A1AT levels has a high predictive value for T2DM combined with NAFLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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