1. Thermal and Chemical Freeze-out in Spectator Fragmentation
- Author
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W. Trautmann, 1 R. Bassini, 2 M. Begemann-Blaich, 1 A. Ferrero, 2 S. Fritz, 1 S. J. Gaff-Ejakov, 3 C. Groß, 1 G. Imm´e, 4 I. Iori, 2 U. Kleinevoß, 1 G. J. Kunde, 3, 8 W. D. Kunze, 1 A. Le F`evre, 1 V. Lindenstruth, 1, 9 J. ?ukasik, 10 U. Lynen, 1 V. Maddalena, 4 M. Mahi, 1 T. M¨ohlenkamp, 5 A. Moroni, 2 W. F. J. M¨uller, 1 C. Nociforo, 4 B. Ocker, 6 T. Odeh, 1 H. Orth, 1 F. Petruzzelli, 2 J. Pochodzalla, 11 G. Raciti, 4 G. Riccobene, 4 F. P. Romano, 4 Th. Rubehn, 1 A. Saija, 4 H. Sann, M. Schnittker, 1 A. Sch¨uttauf, 6 C. Schwarz, 1 W. Seidel, 5 V. Serfling, 6 C. Sfienti, 1 A. Trzcnski, 7 A. Tucholski, 7 G. Verde, 4 A. W¨orner, 1 Hongfei Xi, and B. Zwieglinski7
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Hydrogen ,Nuclear Theory ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Resonance ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Nuclear physics ,Helium-4 ,chemistry ,Fragmentation (mass spectrometry) ,Excited state ,Physics::Atomic Physics ,Beryllium ,Atomic physics ,Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) ,Nucleon ,Nuclear Experiment ,Helium - Abstract
Isotope temperatures from double ratios of hydrogen, helium, lithium, beryllium, and carbon isotopic yields, and excited-state temperatures from yield ratios of particle-unstable resonances in 4He, 5Li, and 8Be, were determined for spectator fragmentation, following collisions of 197Au with targets ranging from C to Au at incident energies of 600 and 1000 MeV per nucleon. A deviation of the isotopic from the excited-state temperatures is observed which coincides with the transition from residue formation to multi-fragment production, suggesting a chemical freeze-out prior to thermal freeze-out in bulk disintegrations., Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. C, small changes as suggested by the editors and referees
- Published
- 2007
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