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Treball de fi de grau d'Humanitats. Curs 2020-2021 Director: Josep M. Palau i Baduell El treball que el lector té a les mans, és el resultat de l’estudi i anàlisi de les visites pastorals de les Valls d’Andorra durant els segles XVI, XVII i XVIII que es troben recollides i transcrites per Cebrià Baraut dins dels Quaderns d’Estudis Andorrans.

Las lesiones tricuspideas secundarias a traumatismos cerrados del torax son raras y dificiles de diagnosticar. No obstante, han sido descritos mas de 100 casos de insuficiencia tricuspidea postraumatica en los ultimos 35 anos. Presentamos tres casos diagnosticados e intervenidos en nuestro centro en los ultimos 8 anos.

Background. Aprotinin reduces blood loss in operations done with cardio-pulmonary bypass, whereas the use of desmopressin remains controversial. We compared aprotinin, desmopressin, and placebo in a double-blind, randomized trial to evaluate bleeding and transfusion requirements. Methods and results. One hundred forty-nine patients (48 received aprotinin, 50 desmopressin, 51 placebo) were included. Blood loss and transfusion requirements were recorded and levels of Factor VIII coagulant activity, von Willebrand's factor, thrombin-antithrombin complexes, and D-dimer were measured. Overall blood loss was 195 ± 146 ml/m 2 in the aprotinin group, 400 ± 192 ml/m 2 in the desmopressin group, and 489 ± 361 ml/m 2 in the placebo group (95% confidence intervals: difference between desmopressin and aprotinin 98 to 312 ml/m 2 , p 2 , p p Conclusion. Aprotinin administration reduces blood loss and transfusion requirements in cardiopulmonary bypass. This benefit may be explained by a lower activation of fibrinolysis.

In summary, reference values of Doppler gradients obtained in a large number of patients with normal-functioning mitral and aortic Monostrut Björk-Shiley prostheses are reported. It is shown that the value of the transprosthetic gradient increases with decreasing valve size in patients with aortic prostheses. No individual significant variations of the transprothetic Doppler gradient during a 3-year follow-up were observed.

Genealogia de dues branques descendents de la família Bouffard , vinculada d'ençà que va entroncar amb la família Minguella a finals del segle XVIII amb el títol de Baró de Canyelles, fins el s. XIV. Els Bouffard provenen de Castres (Llenguadoc) i eren hugonots. Varen destacar en la defensa civilment i militar d'aquesta fe

In 31 patients who had undergone cardiac orthotopic transplantation, valvular regurgitation was studied by echocardiographic and pulsed Doppler over 2 years. The first week after cardiac transplantation, transplant recipients had an increase in the severity of tricuspid, mitral (group II), and aortic regurgitation, as well as a greater number of simultaneously regurgitating valves when compared with those in a group of 60 normal subjects of similar age to heart donors: transplant recipients, trivalvular regurgitation 48% (95% confidence interval [CI] 30 to 66) vs control group, 5% (CI 1 to 13; p0.001). Moderate-severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) was the most frequent occurrence (55%, CI 36 to 73) followed by pulmonary (PR) (42%, CI 25 to 61), moderate mitral (MR) (32%, CI 15 to 51), and mild aortic (AR) (23%, CI 10 to 43) regurgitation. These regurgitations were asymptomatic at rest except for TR. TR was associated with right-sided heart failure in 76% of patients in the early postoperative period and controlled with diuretic drugs. This regurgitation correlated with persistence of post-transplant pulmonary hypertension (r = 0.6) and was not related to pulmonary hypertension before cardiac transplant. There was also no relation found between donor ischemia time or episodes of cardiac rejection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The results of cardiac valve replacement with the Monostrut Bjork-Shiley prosthesis (Shiley, Inc., Irvine, Calif.) during a 7-year period are presented. A total of 984 valves were implanted in 820 patients from May 1983 to April 1990. Aortic valve replacement was performed in 378 patients, mitral replacement in 294, and multiple replacement in 148. In addition, 180 patients (22%) underwent associated procedures. Mean age was 52.6 +/- 11 years. Operative (30 days) mortality was 5.9% (49 patients): 3.9% (15 patients) for aortic, 7.8% (23 patients) for mitral, and 7.4% (11 patients) for multiple valve replacement. All patients were given long-term anticoagulation therapy. Follow-up was 99% complete (eight patients were lost to follow-up), with a closing interval of 3 months, and totaled 2422 patient-years. Valve-related complications, expressed as percentage event-free (+/- standard error) at seven years were as follows: structural deterioration, 100%; nonstructural dysfunction, 98.3% +/- 0.6%; thromboembolism, 90.2% +/- 1.7%; anticoagulant-related hemorrhage, 88.7% +/- 2.8%; and prosthetic valve endocarditis, 98.1% +/- 0.8%. There were no cases of valve thrombosis. Actuarial survival (free from operative, valve-related, and sudden death) was 88.4% +/- 1.2% at 7 years. Freedom from reoperation was 96.8% +/- 0.1%. Probability of being free from all valve-related morbidity and mortality was 70% +/- 3%, and 708 (93%) of the survivors were in New York Heart Association class I or II. Serial Doppler echocardiograms were done prospectively in 243 patients (with 154 aortic and 120 mitral prostheses), both postoperatively and at regular intervals up to 3 years. Mean prosthetic gradients ranged from an average of 20.9 to 7 mm Hg in the aortic prostheses (21 to 29 mm) and from 6.1 to 4.8 mm Hg in the mitral prostheses (25 to 31 mm). The gradients in each patient did not change significantly during the follow-up period. Our 7 year's experience with the Monostrut valve shows a low rate of valve-related complications, a durable design, and good hemodynamic and functional results.

Patients with mitral stenosis and some degree of right ventricular failure may benefit from inotropic or pulmonary vasodilator drugs in the early postoperative period. Thirty patients undergoing an operation for mitral stenosis were randomized into three groups. In group I (n = 10), isoproterenol (5 μg/kg/min) was started in the immediate postoperative period. In group P (n = 10), prostaglandin E1 (0.08 μg/kg/min) was given, and in group C, the control group (n = 10), no drugs were used. After the operation and before drug therapy was begun, basal measurements of cardiac index, mean pulmonary arterial and mean arterial pressures, and pulmonary vascular resistance were taken. Measurements were repeated at 6, 12, and 24 hours. Mean measurements of cardiac index (basal up to 24 hours) were as follows: 1.39 ± 0.3, 1.92 ± 0.4, 2.4 ± 0.5, and 2.34 ± 0.3 L/min/m2 for group C; 1.54 ± 0.5, 2.64 ± 0.4, 2.68 ± 0.7, and 2.2 ± 0.6 L/min/m2 for group I, and 1.57 ± 0.3, 2.2 ± 0.6, 2.72 ± 0.7, and 2.27 ± 0.4 L/min/m2 for group P (p horac C ardiovasc S urg 1992;103:1177-85)

The long-term clinical course and results of biopsies in 21 patients studied with monoclonal antimyosin antibodies more than 12 months after heart transplantation according to the presence and degree of antimyosin-antibody uptake is described. Eighteen men and three women aged 20-52 years (39 +/- 9 years) were studied with antimyosin antibodies 12-40 months (mean, 22 +/- 9 months) after heart transplantation, and followed for a mean of 18 months (10-28 months). The number of biopsies performed during follow-up was 102. Results showed normal antimyosin-antibody studies in nine patients and abnormal studies in 12 patients. Myocyte damage was identified in 18 of the 102 biopsies (17.6%), one in the normal antimyosin-antibody group of patients and 17 in those patients with myocardial antimyosin-antibody uptake. Patients who developed rejection comprised 11% and 67% of each respective group; the mean number of rejection episodes per patient was 0.11 +/- 0.33 and 1.41 +/- 1.41, respectively (p less than 0.01). A trend was noted by which higher heart-to-lung ratios were associated with greater probability of rejection. Conclusively, 1) antimyosin-antibody studies performed after more than 1 year after heart transplantation indicate the presence and level of rejection activity, 2) groups of patients at risk for developing rejection at biopsy during long-term follow-up may be detected by antimyosin-antibody study, and 3) surveillance for rejection and the degree of immunosuppression should be tailored to meet individual patient needs.

This article relates a practical experience in the development of competences as a consequence of the great anxiety which exists among the nurses in one hospital's Surgical Ward regarding how to unify treatment criteria in order to comply with their objective of offering quality care.

Quan ens vam assabentar que l’Ateneu Popular del nostre poble tenia la intenció de comprar un local i reformar-lo per tenir la seva pròpia seu on poder desenvolupar les seves activitats, no ens ho vammpensar dues vegades. Aquest podria ser un bon marc per al nostre Projecte Final de Carrera; un espai on poder desenvolupar gran part dels coneixements adquirits al llarg de la carrera, concretament els que fan referència a l’ordenació dels espais interiors i exteriors, així com els acabats i els seus materials. Ens varem decidir, definitivament, quan varem veure per primera vegada el nou local; al descobrir les grans possibilitats que tenia. L’última empenta ens la varen donar els membres de la junta al descobrir-nos la història del local i la seva motivació per a reformar-lo i donar un espai (l’únic) d’oci i cultura per al poble.

Presentamos cuatro casos de hematoma en aortaascendente. El diagnostico de sospecha inicial fuediseccion aortica en dos de ellos. Todos fueron intervenidoscon caracter de urgencia. Revisamosotras series y concluimos en la conveniencia de tratarlos hematomas en aorta ascendente del mismomodo que las disecciones aorticas.

El diagnostico clinico de los tumores cardiacos es, a menudo, dificil. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 17 anos en el que se diagnostico un tumor del ventriculo izquierdo a partir del estudio de un sincope. El estudio anatomopatologico confirmo el diagnostico de mixoma. Clinical diagnosis of cardiac tumours is often difficult. We present the case of a 17 year-old boy inwhom a left ventricular tumour was discovered duringon diagnostic work-up for a syncope. The tumourwas removed and histology confirmed thediagnosis of myxoma.

This article focuses on study about nursing staff working satisfaction in a Surgical Ward as well as determining the difference, if this difference exists, in the degree of staff satisfaction among those whose work is performed as a specialist or a polyvalent nurse. A specialist is defined as a person who carries out his/her professional duties in the same surgical ward over two years or more; a polyvalent nurse is defined as one who changes their specialty according to the period established by their hospital or according to the needs at any given moment.

Objectives: The mechanisms of cardiac allograft vasculopathy and its predisposing factors are multifactorial and as yet not well established. To determine the influence of endothelial dysfunction on the development of intimal thickening, we prospectively analyzed the vasomotor response to acetylcholine and nitroglycerin, as well as other donor and recipient variables. Findings were correlated with the coronary intimal thickness, which was evaluated by means of intravascular ultrasonography. Methods: Nineteen patients who had undergone heart transplantation 4.89 ± 2.35 years previously and who had angiographically normal coronary arteries were included. Endothelial function was analyzed by quantitative coronary analysis of the vasomotor response of the left anterior descending artery to acetylcholine. An intimal thickness index, reflecting the percentage of intima obstructing the coronary lumen, was calculated. Results: Nine (47%) patients showed endothelial dysfunction, and the remaining 10 (53%) patients had a normal response. Four (44%) of 9 patients with a weight gain of greater than 20% after the operation showed endothelial dysfunction compared with none of the 10 patients with normal responses (P

Tricuspide valve lesions due to non-penetrating trauma are rare and their diagnosis is difficult. Nevertheless, over 100 cases of post-traumatic valve regurgitation have been described in the last 35 years. We present 3 such cases diagnosed and operated at our center in the last 8 years.