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Abstract Diabetes is a prevalent metabolic condition with substantial health and economic impacts. Therefore, effective and accessible indicators are essential for early detection and prevention. This study investigates the link between the waist-to-calf circumference ratio (WCR) and diabetes risk in a large cohort from the Longevity Check-Up (Lookup) 8+ Study. The present investigation is a retrospective cross-sectional study. Diabetes was defined either as self-reported diagnosis, or fasting plasma glucose equal to or greater than 126 mg/dL, or random plasma glucose equal to or greater than 200 mg/dL. The WCR was calculated by dividing waist circumference by calf circumference. A total population of 8900 participants (mean age 57.1 ± 14.8 years, 55% women) was included in the study. The prevalence of diabetes was 9.4%. Mean WCR displayed a significant trend (p for trend

Abstract Natural disaster management approach establishes stages of prevention, preparation, response, and recovery. With the Internet of Things (IoT), Bigdata, Business Intelligence, and other Information Communication Technologies, data can be gathered to support decisions in stages of the response to natural disaster events. In biological natural disasters, the ICTs can also support efforts to promote social distancing, public health, and economic monitoring to face the threads. São Paulo state used IoT in scenarios to face COVID‐19, such as monitoring vehicular interurban mobility, social distancing, and economic activity. Frameworks, strategies, data views, and use cases are presented to support the decision‐making process to face this biological natural disaster. The data‐driven approach supports several purposes, including the communication of social distancing indices, economic recovery, the progression of contagion, and deaths. It also played a pivotal role in fostering transparency initiatives for society and supporting the crisis committee by facilitating situational analyses, and this approach became standard practice for pandemic response. Studies and innovative visualisation perspectives have produced positive outcomes, guiding the decision‐making process through data analysis. Noteworthy use cases were interurban traffic fence monitoring; mapping of virus spreading; tracking the economic impact concerning recovery plans; and, evaluating the effectiveness of public policies.

Abstract Background Brown dog ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato) are vectors of pathogens adversely affecting the health of dogs in many regions of the world. The three-host life cycle of R. sanguineus s.l., with all stages feeding on dogs, can lead to an uncontrolled build-up of large tick populations if not controlled by acaricides. However, frequent tick control on dogs using acaricides has led to the emergence of resistance to permethrin and fipronil. Currently, the larval packet test (LPT) is the standard tick resistance test, which is laborious, requires laboratory facilities, and takes at least 6 weeks before larvae derived from engorged female ticks can be tested. Our novel approach is to expose semi-engorged adult ticks to acaricides immediately after removing them from dogs, obtaining results within 24 h. Methods Adult ticks from three laboratory colonies of R. sanguineus s.l. were tested in RaTexT®, a rapid tick exposure test in which ticks were confined to small compartments and exposed to an acaricide-impregnated, specially designed matrix. Resistance was confirmed by testing larvae derived from the same laboratory colonies using the LPT. RaTexT® was also used to determine the susceptibility of R. sanguineus acaricides in dog shelters. Results RaTexT® detected resistance to permethrin in adult R. sanguineus s.l. ticks from two Brazilian laboratory colonies compared to a susceptible laboratory strain originating in Greece. Resistance was confirmed by LPT testing of larvae from the same colonies with resistance factors between 2.2 and 3.1. All laboratory strains were susceptible to fipronil. A suspected case of fipronil resistance at a dog shelter in Caxias do Sul, Brazil, was resolved within 24 h by testing adult ticks in RaTexT® and could be attributed to improper treatment. Conclusions RaTexT® is a valuable tool for monitoring the development of resistance to synthetic pyrethroids or phenylpyrazoles in tick-infested dogs. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Background Acaricide resistance in cattle ticks is a significant concern in (sub)tropical regions, particularly Brazil. The Larval Packet Test (LPT) is the standard laboratory bioassay for resistance diagnosis, which requires triplicates of seven acaricidal dilutions plus controls to cover larval mortalities ranging between 0 and 100%. The value of the LPT lies in providing resistance ratios based on the ratio between the LC50 calculated with potentially resistant and susceptible ticks. However, LC50 ratios are difficult to translate into practical advice for farmers. Moreover, LPT requires laboratory facilities to maintain susceptible tick colonies, and it takes 6 weeks to obtain the larvae to be tested by LPT derived from engorged female ticks collected from cattle in the field. Our novel approach was twofold: first, we upgraded the LPT to the Resistance Intensity Test (RIT) by adopting the latest WHO guidelines for resistance detection in mosquitoes, which combines a 1 × recommended dose with 5 × and 10 × concentrated doses to reveal low, moderate and high resistance intensity, respectively. This reduced the number of test papers and tick larvae and, more importantly, provided relevant information on the resistance level. Our second innovative step was to abolish testing larvae entirely and expose partly engorged adult ticks to the same acaricidal doses immediately after removing them from cattle in the field. This resulted in the Rapid Tick exposure Test (RaTexT®), wherein partly engorged adult ticks were exposed to an acaricide-impregnated, specially designed matrix providing test results within 24 h. This approach directly compared resistance detection in tick larvae in the RIT with resistance in adult ticks in RaTexT®. Methods Laboratory validation was conducted in Brazil with resistant and susceptible colonies of Rhipicephalus microplus ticks. For field validation, adult R. microplus ticks collected from different cattle farms in Brazil were evaluated for resistance to RaTexT®, and the results regarding their larval progenies were compared with those for the RIT. Partly engorged adult ticks derived from cattle infested with laboratory and field strains of R. microplus were exposed to deltamethrin in RaTexT® containers, which contained six rows of four interconnected compartments, accommodating five to eight semi-engorged female ticks with a preferred size ranging between 5 and 8 mm. The corresponding larvae of each strain were exposed in the RIT to the same deltamethrin concentrations in filter papers. Results In RaTexT®, mortality in adult ticks from a resistant strain of R. microplus from Seropédica in Brazil was 38.4%, 54.2% and 75.0% at the 1 ×, 5 × and 10 × doses of deltamethrin, respectively. In RIT, mortality of larvae from the same resistant strain was 2.0%, 4.9% and 19.5% at 1 ×, 5 × and 10 × doses, respectively. The results of RaTexT® and RIT agreed since both tests identified a high level of resistance based on a cut-off of 90% mortality. In RaTexT®, mortality of adult ticks from a susceptible strain originating from Porto Alegre was 73.8%, 92.9% and 97.6% at the 1 ×, 5 × and 10 × doses, respectively. In RIT, mortality of larvae from the susceptible strain was 95.2%, 95.2% and 96.8% at the 1 ×, 5 × and 10 × doses, respectively. Interestingly, both tests identified a low number of unexpected resistant individuals in the susceptible strain since the mortality of neither larvae nor adults reached 100%. This effect remained unnoticed in the LPT, wherein a resistance ratio of 159.5 was found based on the LC50 of the resistant strain divided by the LC50 of the susceptible strain. Next, RaTexT® was compared with RIT using adult and larval ticks derived from three field strains of R. microplus in Brazil. RaTexT® detected high levels of resistance to deltamethrin in adult ticks in all strains, which was confirmed in larvae tested by the RIT. Both tests agreed on the same resistance level with significantly lower mortality rates in larvae than in adult ticks. Conclusions RaTexT® is a novel rapid pen-site test for detecting acaricide resistance in adult livestock ticks. It potentially replaces laborious tests using larval ticks and provides results within 24 h relevant to acaricide resistance management of livestock ticks. Graphical Abstract

ABSTRACT: The epidemiology, toxic potential, and clinical and pathological presentation of acute spontaneous and experimental poisoning by Solanum pseudoquina are described. In the spontaneous form, the plant was ingested by cattle on two properties, one in the municipality of Canoinhas and the other in Painel, Santa Catarina. The outbreak in Canoinhas occurred after some trees were felled, five cattle ingested leaves of the plant and showed staring eyes and muscle tremors; four died, and one recovered. On the Painel property, the outbreak occurred after the pruning of two trees, and two adult cattle ingested the plant and died. The information was provided by the owners, and only one bovine was subjected to autopsy in each outbreak. No lesions were evident at autopsy, and no material was collected for histological evaluation. In the experimental form, green leaves of S. pseudoquina were collected in the municipalities of Canoinhas, Painel and Urubici, in Santa Catarina. The leaves were administered orally to four cattle. Two cattle received a single dose of 40g/kg, one received two doses of 35g/kg, and another received six doses of 20g/kg. One of the animals that received the 40g/kg dose died without showing any clinical signs. The other animals showed apathy, muscle tremors, ataxia, motor incoordination, and difficulty getting up. At necropsy, cardiac alterations were observed in the cattle that received repeated doses of 20g/kg, namely hydropericardium and ventricular dilation, and liver congestion was observed in all the cattle. Microscopic examination showed mononuclear infiltrates in the heart samples of the four cattle (stained with hematoxylin and eosin - HE), which were mild, perivascular and between fiber bundles. Cardiomyocytes had multifocal cytoplasmic hypereosinophilia and pyknotic nuclei. The livers of all four cattle showed moderate congestion between the sinusoids. The anti-troponin immunohistochemistry (IHC) technique was performed on three heart samples and showed cardiomyocytes with decreased troponin C expression in the areas that corresponded to cardiomyocyte hypereosinophilia of varying intensity. S. pseudoquina has been shown to be potentially toxic to cattle when doses of more than 20g/kg are ingested.

This dataset presents the outputs of a series of experiments conducted varying combinations of two versions of the High Resolution Transmission (HITRAN) database (2016 and 2020) and two versions of the MT_CKD water vapor (WV) continuum model (3.2 and 4.1.1) across five distinct model atmospheres. The primary objective of compiling this dataset was to assess the impacts of updated spectroscopic parameters and water vapor continuum models on atmospheric radiative transfer calculations. The line-by-line calculations were performed by the Reference Foward Model (RFM). Key atmospheric gases, namely H2O, CO2, O3, CH4, CO, N2O, and O2, are prescribed at each atmospheric model. The dataset includes calculations with all gases present as well as experiments removing individual gases (specifically, CO2, O3, and H2O). It gathers upward and downward radiation fluxes, and cooling rates. The dataset is available in a compressed .tar file format, where each file contains 880 individual text files representing specific atmospheric heights. This collection is designed to facilitate further research in atmospheric science, particularly for validating other radiative transfer models and improving the understanding of atmospheric energy dynamics.

Introdução: A leishmaniose visceral (LV) emergiu no Estado de São Paulo ao final da década de 1990 e sofreu expansão territorial desde então. As medidas de controle aplicadas (eutanásia de cães infectados, controle de vetores, uso de repelentes), pouco embasadas pela evidência científica, tiveram resultados incertos. Nesse contexto, é relevante analisar mudanças de tendências de incidência e mortalidade por LV. Objetivo: Identificar mudanças nas taxas de incidência e mortalidade por LV no Estado de São Paulo no período de 1999 a 2022. Método: Dados de incidência e mortalidade por LV foram obtivos em base de domínio público (www.cve.saude.sp.gov.br). Estes foram tabulados em periodicidade anual e submetidos a análise de Joinpoint Regression com transformação logarítimica no software Joinpoint 5.1 (National Institute of Cancer, Calverton, MD, USA). Essa análise tem como objetivo identificar alterações de tendências temporais (''joinpoints''). Resultados: A incidência e a mortalidade cumulativas no período foram de 8,1 e 0,8 por 100.000 habitantes. Em análise de Joinpoint, observou-se tendência de crescimento exponencial da incidência entre 1999 e 2006 (anual percent change [apc] = +22,4, p < 0,001), com redução posterior (apc = -7,96, p < 0,001). A mordalidade também apresentou um único ''joinpoint'' em 2004, alterando o crescimento (apc = +56,61, p = 0,02) para redução (apc = -4,25, p < 0,001). A letalidade manteve-se estável em torno de 10%. Conclusão: Diversas políticas públicas envolvendo controle de reservatório canino e vetores, além de educação da população, foram aplicadas em conjunto de forma desordenada ao longo das últimas décadas. Há uma modificação benéfica das tendências de incidência e mortalidade após 2004/2006, mas é difícil vinculá-la às medidas de controle aplicadas.

Introdução: A criptococose é uma micose sistêmica causada pela inalação de leveduras do Cryptococcus neoformans ou Cryptococcus gatti, que tem predileção para acometimento de pulmão e sistema nervoso central. A identificação desta infecção em pacientes imunocompetentes e com manifestações atípicas torna-se essencial para melhor prognóstico e desfecho clínico. Objetivo: Relatar um caso raro de criptococose acometendo pele, linfonodos e parótidas em paciente imunocompetente. Método: Relato de caso e revisão de literatura. Resultados: Homem, 37 anos, sem comorbidades, queixava-se de febre há 3 meses, entre 37,8°C e 38,3°C, preferencialmente no período vespertino e de abaulamento na região submandibular direita há 2 meses. No mesmo período, notou o surgimento de pápulas eritematosas, não pruriginosas, em tronco, face e membros superiores, além de perda ponderal de aproximadamente dez quilos. Relatou o hábito de varrer fezes de aves frequentemente e negava contato com área rural. Ao exame físico, notaram-se linfonodos palpáveis, pequenos, fibroelásticos, móveis e indolores em região submandibular, cervical, retroauricular e inguinal bilateralmente, além de lesões papulares acastanhadas em face e tronco. Foram realizadas tomografias de pescoço, tórax e abdômen, que evidenciaram linfonodomegalia generalizada, sendo feita uma biópsia excisional de linfonodo inguinal com linfadenite granulomatosa e PAS/mucicarmin positivo nas estruturas fúngicas, favorecendo o diagnóstico de criptococose. O líquor não apresentou alterações bioquímicas e a tinta da China e culturas foram negativas. A ressonância de encéfalo evidenciou múltiplas lesões com centro necrótico e realce anelar no tecido subcutâneo da transição crânio cervical posterior e em ambas as parótidas. O teste para HIV resultou não reagente. O paciente foi tratado com fluconazol por 12 meses, com resolução total do quadro. Conclusão: A infecção pelo criptococo em indivíduo imunocompetente é incomum e, quando ocorre, o pulmão e o SNC são os órgãos mais acometidos. Este relato de caso demonstra uma forma atípica da criptococose em imunocompetente, desafiando as concepções convencionais sobre esta doença. Não encontramos outros relatos semelhantes na literatura médica, sendo assim, torna-se importante conhecer esta manifestação da infecção para um diagnóstico rápido e tratamento oportuno, melhorando assim, o prognóstico do paciente.

Resumo Contexto A síndrome de congestão pélvica (SCP) é uma importante causa de dor pélvica em mulheres adultas, levando à redução da qualidade de vida, abstenção no trabalho, ansiedade, depressão e distúrbios sexuais. Objetivos Avaliar a resposta ao tratamento endovascular por escleroterapia com espuma para varizes pélvicas e traçar o perfil das pacientes com esse diagnóstico acompanhadas no Hospital das Clínicas Cassiano Antônio Moraes, da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Métodos Com base na revisão de prontuários, este estudo descritivo retrospectivo analisa o perfil e a resposta das pacientes submetidas ao tratamento endovascular de varizes pélvicas por escleroterapia com espuma. As variáveis analisadas incluem idade, peso, altura, índice de massa corporal (IMC), paridade, queixa de dor pélvica e critérios ultrassonográficos, comparando o diâmetro dos vasos pélvicos pré e pós-procedimento, e a presença de refluxo venoso ao Doppler transvaginal. Resultados As pacientes analisadas tinham em média 43,3 anos, 2,95 gestações e IMC de 25,37kg/m2. A avaliação ultrassonográfica após intervenção indicou uma redução estatisticamente significativa (valor de p < 0,005) do calibre dos vasos parauterinos, com diâmetro médio de 6,34 mm à direita e 7,26 mm à esquerda antes do procedimento e, respectivamente, 4,37 mm e 4,56 mm após o procedimento. Conclusões A escleroterapia com espuma reduziu o calibre das varizes pélvicas na amostra estudada, com resultados semelhantes aos de outras modalidades de tratamento endovascular dessa comorbidade. A realização de mais estudos prospectivos para avaliação da resposta a essa intervenção se faz necessária para firmá-la como uma opção eficaz para o tratamento da SCP.

Introdução: A anemia grave leva a hipóxia tecidual e ativação de mecanismos compensatórios, com aumento da frequência cardíaca (FC) e frequência respiratória (FR). Como em humanos, a transfusão sanguínea com concentrado de hemácias em cães é uma terapia suporte enquanto se busca o diagnóstico ou o tratamento se torne efetivo. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os parâmetros: frequência cardíaca (FC), frequência respiratória (FR), temperatura retal (T°C) e coloração de mucosas (CM) pré e pós-transfusionais em cães com anemia de causas diversas. Material e métodos: Foi realizada análise retrospectiva das fichas de acompanhamento de transfusões de concentrado de hemácias em um Hospital Veterinário no período de julho de 2023 a junho de 2024. As transfusões foram realizadas em cães de várias raças, idades e peso corpóreo. A hemoglobina destes pacientes variou de 1,5 a 5g/dL. Foram analisados os registros de FC, FR, T°C e CM pré-transfusionais (T1) e pós-transfusionais (T2) de 149 transfusões, sendo que foram retirados do estudo quatro transfusões devido a reação transfusional (três reações febril não hemolítica e uma sobrecarga de volume (TACO)), totalizando 145 transfusões avaliadas. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste t pareado ou de Mann Whitney na dependência da avaliação da normalidade dos dados, considerando p < 0,05 como significativo. Resultados: Houve redução significativa na frequência cardíaca e frequência respiratória após as transfusões: FC T1: 134,9 ± 29,6 bpm; FC T2: 104,3 ± 26,1bpm; FR T1: 28 (mín: 8, max: 80) mpm; FR T2: 24 (mín: 8, max: 80) mpm. Não houve diferença na temperatura retal, T1: 37,7ºC (min: 33,4; max: 40,0) e T2: 37,9ºC (min: 33,0; max:39,7). Das 145 transfusões, houve melhora na CM em 97 transfusões (67%); não houve alterações na CM em 41 transfusões (28%); em 7 transfusões (5%) não foi possível avaliar a mucosa por fatores como agressividade dos animais. Discussão: A redução na FC e FR após as transfusões confirma a eficácia do procedimento na diminuição da hipóxia tecidual e redução na ativação de mecanismos compensatórios. A T°C ao longo das transfusões não apresentou alterações significativas, mostrando que a utilização de sangue refrigerado (à 4°C) em cães não ocasiona diminuição da temperatura corporal. A melhora da coloração das mucosas pode sinalizar o aumento do número de hemácias e/ou diminuição da vasoconstrição periférica. Conclusão: Pode-se concluir com os presentes dados que o acompanhamento da transfusão sanguínea com FC, FR, CM e temperatura é importante para detecção precoce de reação transfusional, mas também para avaliação da melhora dos parâmetros clínicos dos pacientes. Portanto, a transfusão de concentrado de hemácias em cães é eficaz para diminuição da hipóxia tecidual demonstrada pelo acompanhamento de parâmetros facilmente obtidos no exame físico.

Abstract Follicular lymphoma (FL), the most common indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma, constitutes a paradigm of immune tumor microenvironment (TME) contribution to disease onset, progression, and heterogenous clinical outcome. Here we present the first FL-Patient Derived Lymphoma Spheroid (FL-PDLS), including fundamental immune actors and features of TME in FL lymph nodes (LNs). FL-PDLS is organized in disc-shaped 3D structures composed of proliferating B and T cells, together with macrophages with an intermediate M1/M2 phenotype. FL-PDLS recapitulates the most relevant B-cell transcriptional pathways present in FL-LN (proliferation, epigenetic regulation, mTOR, adaptive immune system, among others). The T cell compartment in the FL-PDLS preserves CD4 subsets (follicular helper, regulatory, and follicular regulatory), also encompassing the spectrum of activation/exhaustion phenotypes in CD4 and CD8 populations. Moreover, this system is suitable for chemo and immunotherapy testing, recapitulating results obtained in the clinic. FL-PDLS allowed uncovering that soluble galectin-9 limits rituximab, rituximab, plus nivolumab/TIM-3 antitumoral activities. Blocking galectin-9 improves rituximab efficacy, highlighting galectin-9 as a novel immunotherapeutic target in FL. In conclusion, FL-PDLS maintains the crosstalk between malignant B cells and the immune LN-TME and constitutes a robust and multiplexed pre-clinical tool to perform drug screening in a patient-derived system, advancing toward personalized therapeutic approaches.