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Statistical testing in medicine is a controversial and commonly misunderstood topic. Despite decades of efforts by renowned associations and international experts, fallacies such as nullism, the magnitude fallacy, and dichotomania are still widespread within clinical and epidemiological research. This can lead to serious health errors (e.g., misidentification of adverse reactions). In this regard, our work sheds light on another common interpretive and cognitive error: the fallacy of high significance, understood as the mistaken tendency to prioritize findings that lead to low p-values. Indeed, there are target hypotheses (e.g., a hazard ratio of 0.10) for which a high p-value is an optimal and desirable outcome. Accordingly, we propose a novel method that goes beyond mere null hypothesis testing by assessing the statistical surprise of the experimental result compared to the prediction of several target assumptions. Additionally, we formalize the concept of interval hypotheses based on prior information about costs, risks, and benefits for the stakeholders (NORD-h protocol). The incompatibility graph (or surprisal graph) is adopted in this context. Finally, we discuss the epistemic necessity for a descriptive, (quasi) unconditional approach in statistics, which is essential to draw valid conclusions about the consistency of data with all relevant possibilities, including study limitations. Given these considerations, this new protocol has the potential to significantly impact the production of reliable evidence in public health.

O texto tem por objetivo compartilhar resultados de um estudo do movimento lógico-histórico sobre geometria e evidenciar contribuições para os processos formativos de professores em uma perspectiva coletiva. A referida formação é realizada no Clube de Matemática do Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo e a investigação desse processo é desenvolvida em uma pesquisa de doutorado, que tem como fundamentação teórico-metodológica a Teoria Histórico-Cultural, a Teoria da Atividade e a Atividade Orientadora de Ensino. Com base nesses pressupostos, a formação docente é compreendida como um processo social, dialógico e marcado pelas necessidades e demandas do trabalho pedagógico, sintetizando debates e ações que envolvam a atividade de ensino, atividade principal do professor. Destaca-se que o movimento formativo no Clube de Matemática parte da necessidade de os participantes se apropriarem de conhecimentos historicamente acumulados, ao estudarem um movimento lógico-histórico dos conceitos, neste caso específico, de geometria. O estudo evidencia a geometria como produção humana, e, para abordar seu desenvolvimento numa perspectiva lógico-histórica, faz-se necessário discutir sobre a relação homem x natureza, chamando a atenção para os processos de trabalho e produção de instrumentos, pois os processos de percepção da forma, de localização e de deslocamento no espaço vão modificando-se com a relação homem x trabalho. Além disso, destaca-se que o estudo teórico no processo formativo coletivo possibilita compreender novas formas de organizar o ensino, abordando a geometria mediante a percepção das formas, identificação de figuras, comunicação de suas propriedades, diferentes representações e estabelecendo uma organização de ações no processo formativo de maneira intencional.

This study explored the feasibility of using fish skin bandages as a therapeutic option for third-degree skin burns. Following the California wildfires, clinical observations of animals with third-degree skin burns demonstrated increased comfort levels and reduced pain when treated with tilapia fish skin. Despite the promises of this therapy, there are few studies explaining the healing mechanisms behind the application of tilapia fish skin. In this study, mice with third-degree burns were treated with either a hydrocolloid adhesive bandage (control) (n = 16) or fish skin (n = 16) 7 days post-burn. Mice were subjected to histologic, hematologic, molecular, and gross evaluation at days 7, 16, and 28 post-burn. The fish skin offered no benefit to overall wound closure compared to hydrocolloids. Additionally, we detected no difference between fish skin and control treatments in regard to hypermetabolism or hematologic values. However, the fish skin groups exhibited 2 times more vascularization and 2 times higher expression of antimicrobial defensin peptide in comparison to controls. Proteomic analysis of the fish skin revealed the presence of antimicrobial peptides. Collectively, these data suggest that fish skin can serve as an innovative and cost-effective therapeutic alternative for burn victims to facilitate vascularization and reduce bacterial infection.

Automated planning is a branch of artificial intelligence aiming at finding a course of action that achieves specified goals, given a description of the initial state of a system and a model of possible actions. There are plenty of planning approaches working under different assumptions and with different features (e.g. classical, temporal, and numeric planning). When automated planning is used in practice, however, the set of required features is often initially unclear. The Unified Planning (UP) library addresses this issue by providing a feature-rich Python API for modeling automated planning problems, which are solved seamlessly by planning engines that specify the set of features they support. Once a problem is modeled, UP can automatically find engines that can solve it, based on the features used in the model. This greatly reduces the commitment to specific planning approaches and bridges the gap between planning technology and its users.

This systematic literature review explores the impact of team and organizational identification on various factors such as wellbeing, behaviors, trust level, Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and goal achievement. We use Social Identity Theory (SIT) to understand these dynamics. While strong organizational identification is generally linked to positive employee wellbeing, the presence of multiple groups within an organization (Nested Identifications or NID) can complicate matters. Over-identification with a specific team, as opposed to the organization as a whole, can lead to dysfunctional dynamics and reduce organizational effectiveness. The research provides insights into the factors that influence the alignment between team and organizational identification and its effects on employee behaviors. It calls for a more integrated understanding of the phenomenon, including which group categories to observe and which outcomes are most affected by different levels of identification. The primary focus of this work is the interaction between workgroups and the organization as a whole. The aim is to fill existing knowledge gaps, providing theoretical and practical insights to enhance wellbeing and effectiveness through targeted identification strategies at individual, team, and organizational levels. This systematic review seeks to guide future research toward a deeper understanding of identification dynamics within organizations, emphasizing a comprehensive approach that considers the impact of the most important levels of identification.

Introdução: A Medicina Narrativa emerge como uma metodologia que utiliza a leitura de obras literárias e a escrita para desenvolver a empatia, a autorreflexão e o entendimento das complexidades sociais e emocionais dos pacientes. A partir desses princípios, enfatiza-se a importância de uma abordagem humanizada na formação médica, que valorize tanto a escuta quanto a interpretação das histórias dos pacientes. Objetivo: O presente ensaio tem como objetivo explorar a intersecção entre Medicina e narrativa, investigando como a literatura pode ser utilizada na educação médica. Desenvolvimento: O ensaio parte da experiência de um grupo de estudos em Medicina Narrativa formado por estudantes de Medicina, que, com orientação pedagógica, selecionaram livros para refletir sobre temas sociais e éticos. Três obras literárias foram discutidas – “O Quinze”, de Raquel de Queiroz, “Memórias da Água”, de Emmi Itäranta e “A Trança”, de Laetitia Colombani. Cada obra suscitou debates sobre questões como vulnerabilidade social, impactos das mudanças climáticas na saúde e a diversidade cultural. A análise de cada texto conecta as trajetórias dos personagens a reflexões sobre prática médica, destacando o potencial da literatura para sensibilizar os futuros médicos sobre a pluralidade das condições sociais. Conclusão: A educação médica pode se beneficiar do uso de narrativas ao proporcionar uma compreensão mais aprofundada do sofrimento humano, bem como da complexidade das realidades socioculturais dos pacientes. A Medicina Narrativa oferece ferramentas para aprimorar a capacidade de escuta e de interpretação, auxiliando os estudantes de Medicina a se tornarem mais atentos e empáticos às histórias das pessoas. Este ensaio reforça a ideia de que a literatura e a narrativa parecem constituir um exercício para produzir cuidado humanizado e responsável em saúde, promovendo uma prática clínica que respeite a individualidade de cada paciente sem perder de vista as interferências sociais nos processos de saúde e adoecimento.

As widely noted in the literature and by international bodies such as the American Statistical Association, severe misinterpretations of P-values, confidence intervals, and statistical significance are sadly common in public health. This scenario poses serious risks concerning terminal decisions such as the approval or rejection of therapies. Cognitive distortions about statistics likely stem from poor teaching in schools and universities, overly simplified interpretations, and – as we suggest – the reckless use of calculation software with predefined standardized procedures. In light of this, we present a framework to recalibrate the role of frequentist-inferential statistics within clinical and epidemiological research. In particular, we stress that statistics is only a set of rules and numbers that make sense only when properly placed within a well-defined scientific context beforehand. Practical examples are discussed for educational purposes. Alongside this, we propose some tools to better evaluate statistical outcomes, such as multiple compatibility or surprisal intervals or tuples of various point hypotheses. Lastly, we emphasize that every conclusion must be informed by different kinds of scientific evidence (e.g., biochemical, clinical, statistical, etc.) and must be based on a careful examination of costs, risks, and benefits.

The study concerned a diagnostic spectroscopic campaign carried out on the panel painting depicting the Coronation of the Virgin (first half of the 15th century) by the late-Gothic Italian painter Michele di Matteo. The main aims were the identification of the original painting materials and the characterization of the painter’s artistic technique. A combined approach based on non- and micro-invasive techniques was employed. Visible and ultraviolet-induced fluorescence photography was used to select the areas of interest for spectroscopic analyses; X-ray radiography assessed the state of conservation of the support, while X-ray fluorescence and external reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies allowed the chemical identification of pigments, binders, and varnishes. Attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to visualize and characterize the materials in the pictorial layers. The results highlighted the presence of pigments, possibly applied with an egg binder, consistent with the period of the production of the painting, as well as modern pigments used during subsequent restorations: an imprimitura with lead white and a gypsum-based ground layer. Concerning the gilding, the guazzo technique was confirmed by identifying a red bolo substrate and gold leaf.

This paper provides a critical review of the first private sponsorship scheme to be introduced into Latin America in the last decade, the Syria Program, which has been in place in Argentina since 2014. Though the national and international bodies involved in the initiative (including the International Organization for Migration, UNHCR, and the Global Refugee Sponsorship Initiative) have described it as a good practice, a content analysis of their publications indicates that their interpretations may be overly rosy. Unlike refugee sponsorship schemes that have appeared in other countries, the Argentine private sponsorship program does not complement a public state resettlement scheme but rather appears to replace it.

The primary objective of a depalletizing system is to automate the process of detecting and locating specific variable-shaped objects on a pallet, allowing a robotic system to accurately unstack them. Although many solutions exist for the problem in industrial and manufacturing settings, the application to small-scale scenarios such as retail vending machines and small warehouses has not received much attention so far. This paper presents a comparative analysis of four different computer vision algorithms for the depalletizing task, implemented on a Raspberry Pi 4, a very popular single-board computer with low computer power suitable for the IoT and edge computing. The algorithms evaluated include the following: pattern matching, scale-invariant feature transform, Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF, and Haar cascade classifier. Each technique is described and their implementations are outlined. Their evaluation is performed on the task of box detection and localization in the test images to assess their suitability in a depalletizing system. The performance of the algorithms is given in terms of accuracy, robustness to variability, computational speed, detection sensitivity, and resource consumption. The results reveal the strengths and limitations of each algorithm, providing valuable insights for selecting the most appropriate technique based on the specific requirements of a depalletizing system.

Science is a systematic approach to building and organizing knowledge through testable explanations and predictions. However, since scientists are human beings, they are fallible and subject to various systematic and random biases. The COVID-19 pandemic has definitively unmasked the humanity of scientists, who committed severe communication mistakes or even adhered to conspiracy hypotheses. Indeed, emotionality and rationality (if not epistemic) can foster intellectual dishonesty and compromise the effectiveness of critical thinking. This highlights the importance of the context in which a scientist works, as politeness and respect are essential to maintain lucidity, credibility, and transparency. However, outside of the academic context, many scientists do not behave with the same level of courtesy and carefulness required in scientific publishing. This happens despite communication – which is crucial for scientific investigation, dissemination, and debunking campaigns – being scientifically based on compassion. Specifically, an effective communication plan should be tailored to a specific audience, taking into account their emotional state, cultural and social background, and cognitive and psychological characteristics. The sole purpose must be to help and not to manipulate. Therefore, empathy, kindness, and moderation are essential tools for the success of science, from research to communication and education, and awareness campaigns and training courses should be instituted to promote such a message.

Background: The scientific infodemic constitutes one of the greatest threats to public health and safety today. The credibility of the main dissemination agencies is an essential tool for adhering to measures to preserve public health. Methods: The study is a longitudinal retrospective conducted on a web platform to investigate netizens’ infodemic attitude towards World Health Organization. Reactions such as "like," "love," "affection," "surprise," "sadness," "anger," and "derision" were collected under World Health Organization (WHO) Facebook posts on climate change (from 2019 to 2022) and vaccines (from 2021 to 2022). Descriptive statistics, linear regression, and correlation methods were implemented to identify possible trends and relationships with the COVID-19 vaccination campaign. Results: These findings showed a worrying increase in derision reactions about climate change-related posts (up to 22% in November 2022, with a quadratically growing trend over time since December 2020). Furthermore, infodemic reactions such as anger and especially derision made up the majority of emotional reactions to vaccine-related posts since 2021 and up to 44% of total reactions in November 2022 (median since July 2021=9%, IQR: 4%-14%). Finally, there is evidence of a correlation between the start of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign and public distrust towards the WHO, even for issues unrelated to vaccines such as climate change. Conclusion: Based on what is known in the literature, these preliminary findings signal that the WHO is losing online public credibility towards extremely relevant issues for global health. Infodemiological interventions in accordance with the recent literature are urgently required.