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With the recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs), web developers increasingly apply their code-generation capabilities to website design. However, since these models are trained on existing designerly knowledge, they may inadvertently replicate bad or even illegal practices, especially deceptive designs (DD). This paper examines whether users can accidentally create DD for a fictitious webshop using GPT-4. We recruited 20 participants, asking them to use ChatGPT to generate functionalities (product overview or checkout) and then modify these using neutral prompts to meet a business goal (e.g., "increase the likelihood of us selling our product"). We found that all 20 generated websites contained at least one DD pattern (mean: 5, max: 9), with GPT-4 providing no warnings. When reflecting on the designs, only 4 participants expressed concerns, while most considered the outcomes satisfactory and not morally problematic, despite the potential ethical and legal implications for end-users and those adopting ChatGPT's recommendations

The multiplicities of positive and negative pions, kaons and unidentified hadrons produced in deep-inelastic scattering are measured in bins of the Bjorken scaling variable $x$, the relative virtual-photon energy $y$ and the fraction of the virtual-photon energy transferred to the final-state hadron $z$. Data were obtained by the COMPASS Collaboration using a 160 GeV muon beam of both electric charges and a liquid hydrogen target. These measurements cover the kinematic domain with photon virtuality $Q^2 > 1$ (GeV/$c)^2$, $0.004 < x < 0.4$, $0.1 < y < 0.7$ and $0.2 < z < 0.85$, in accordance with the kinematic domain used in earlier published COMPASS multiplicity measurements with an isoscalar target. The calculation of radiative corrections was improved by using the Monte Carlo generator DJANGOH, which results in up to 12\% larger corrections in the low-$x$ region., Comment: 19 pages, 29 figures

This proposal outlines the future plans of the Brazilian High-Energy Physics (HEP) community for upcoming collider experiments. With the construction of new particle colliders on the horizon and the ongoing operation of the High-Luminosity LHC, several research groups in Brazil have put forward technical proposals, covering both hardware and software contributions, as part of the Brazilian contribution to the global effort. The primary goal remains to foster a unified effort within the Brazilian HEP community, optimizing resources and expertise to deliver a high-impact contribution to the international HEP community., Comment: 24 pages, submitted to the Latin American Strategy Forum for Research Infrastructure

We explore how III-V semiconductor microring resonators can efficiently generate photon pairs and squeezed vacuum states via spontaneous parametric down-conversion by utilizing their built-in quasi phase matching and modal dispersion. We present an analytic expression for the biphoton wave function of photon pairs generated by weak pump pulses, and characterize the squeezed states that result under stronger pumping conditions. Our model includes loss, and captures the statistics of the scattered photons. A detailed sample calculation shows that for low pump powers conversion efficiencies of 10$^{-5}$, corresponding to a rate of 39 MHz for a pump power of 1 $\mu$W, are attainable for rudimentary structures such as a simple microring coupled to a waveguide, in both the continuous wave and pulsed excitation regimes. Our results suggest that high levels of squeezing and pump depletion are attainable, possibly leading to the deterministic generation of non-Gaussian states, Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures

We prove conditions ensuring that a Lie ideal or an invariant additive subgroup in a ring contains all additive commutators. A crucial assumption is that the subgroup is fully noncentral, that is, its image in every quotient is noncentral. For a unital algebra over a field of characteristic $\neq 2$ where every additive commutator is a sum of square-zero elements, we show that a fully noncentral subspace is a Lie ideal if and only if it is invariant under all inner automorphisms. This applies in particular to zero-product balanced algebras., Comment: 19 pages

We say that an inclusion of an algebra $A$ into a $C^*$-algebra $B$ has the ideal separation property if closed ideals in $B$ can be recovered by their intersection with $A$. Such inclusions have attractive properties from the point of view of harmonic analysis and noncommutative geometry. We establish several permanence properties of locally compact groups for which $L^1(G) \subseteq C^*_{\mathrm{red}}(G)$ has the ideal separation property., Comment: 24 pages. Fixed typos, removed unnecessary part of the proof of Theorem 4.12

We give an explicit criterion for a rational lattice in the time-frequency plane to admit a Gabor frame with window in the Schwartz class. The criterion is an inequality formulated in terms of the lattice covolume, the dimension of the underlying Euclidean space, and the index of an associated subgroup measuring the degree of non-integrality of the lattice. For arbitrary lattices we also give an upper bound on the number of windows in the Schwartz class needed for a multi-window Gabor frame., Comment: 10 pages

In the last decade, remarkable advances in integrated photonic technologies have enabled table-top experiments and instrumentation to be scaled down to compact chips with significant reduction in size, weight, power consumption, and cost. Here, we demonstrate an integrated continuously tunable laser in a heterogeneous gallium arsenide-on-silicon nitride (GaAs-on-SiN) platform that emits in the far-red radiation spectrum near 780 nm, with 20 nm tuning range, <6 kHz intrinsic linewidth, and a >40 dB side-mode suppression ratio. The GaAs optical gain regions are heterogeneously integrated with low-loss SiN waveguides. The narrow linewidth lasing is achieved with an extended cavity consisting of a resonator-based Vernier mirror and a phase shifter. Utilizing synchronous tuning of the integrated heaters, we show mode-hop-free wavelength tuning over a range larger than 100 GHz (200 pm). To demonstrate the potential of the device, we investigate two illustrative applications: (i) the linear characterization of a silicon nitride microresonator designed for entangled-photon pair generation, and (ii) the absorption spectroscopy and locking to the D1 and D2 transition lines of 87-Rb. The performance of the proposed integrated laser holds promise for a broader spectrum of both classical and quantum applications in the visible range, encompassing communication, control, sensing, and computing.

Combined extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) pose complex hemodynamic challenges in intensive care. In this study, a comprehensive lumped parameter model (LPM) is developed to simulate the cardiovascular system, incorporating ECMO and CRRT circuit dynamics. The model is used to analyze nine CRRT-ECMO connection schemes under varying flow conditions. Using a robust parameter identification framework based on global sensitivity analysis (GSA) and multi-start gradient-based optimization, we calibrated the model on 30 clinical data points from eight veno-arterial ECMO patients. Our results indicate that CRRT has a significant impact on the cardiovascular system, with changes in pulmonary artery pressure of up to 202.5 %, highly dependent on ECMO flow. The GSA proved to be a powerful tool to improve the parameter estimation process. The established parameter estimation framework is fast and robust without the need for hyperparameter tuning and improves the parameter estimation process with an R^2>0.98 between simulation and experimental data. It uses modeling methods that could pave the way for real-time applications in intensive care. This open-source framework provides a valuable tool for the systematic evaluation of combined ECMO and CRRT, which can be used to develop standardized treatment protocols and improve patient outcomes in critical care. In addition, as a digital twin, this model also provides a good basis for addressing research questions related to mechanical circulatory and respiratory support., Comment: Model available on GitHub: https://github.com/nikithiel/ECLIPSE

Correlated photon-pair sources are key components for quantum computing, networking, and sensing applications. Integrated photonics has enabled chip-scale sources using nonlinear processes, producing high-rate entanglement with sub-100 microwatt power at telecom wavelengths. Many quantum systems operate in the visible or near-infrared ranges, necessitating broadband visible-telecom entangled-pair sources for connecting remote systems via entanglement swapping and teleportation. This study evaluates broadband entanglement generation through spontaneous four-wave mixing in various nonlinear integrated photonic materials, including silicon nitride, lithium niobate, aluminum gallium arsenide, indium gallium phosphide, and gallium nitride. We demonstrate how geometric dispersion engineering facilitates phase-matching for each platform and reveals unexpected results, such as robust designs to fabrication variations and a Type-1 cross-polarized phase-matching condition for III-V materials that expands the operational bandwidth. With experimentally attainable parameters, integrated photonic microresonators with optimized designs can achieve pair generation rates greater than ~1 THz/mW$^2$.

The spin-exotic hybrid meson $\pi_{1}(1600)$ is predicted to have a large decay rate to the $\omega\pi\pi$ final state. Using 76.6~pb$^{-1}$ of data collected with the GlueX detector, we measure the cross sections for the reactions $\gamma p \to \omega \pi^+ \pi^- p$, $\gamma p \to \omega \pi^0 \pi^0 p$, and $\gamma p\to\omega\pi^-\pi^0\Delta^{++}$ in the range $E_\gamma =$ 8-10 GeV. Using isospin conservation, we set the first upper limits on the photoproduction cross sections of the $\pi^{0}_{1}(1600)$ and $\pi^{-}_{1}(1600)$. We combine these limits with lattice calculations of decay widths and find that photoproduction of $\eta'\pi$ is the most sensitive two-body system to search for the $\pi_1(1600)$., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures plus supplemental materials

We report the measurement of the helicity asymmetry $E$ for the $p\pi^0$ and $n\pi^+$ final states using, for the first time, an elliptically polarized photon beam in combination with a longitudinally polarized target at the Crystal Ball experiment at MAMI. The results agree very well with data that were taken with a circularly polarized photon beam, showing that it is possible to simultaneously measure polarization observables that require linearly (e.g.~$G$) and circularly polarized photons (e.g.~$E$) and a longitudinally polarized target. The new data cover a photon energy range 270 - 1400 MeV for the $p\pi^0$ final state (230 - 842 MeV for the $n\pi^+$ final state) and the full range of pion polar angles, $\theta$, providing the most precise measurement of the observable $E$. A moment analysis gives a clear observation of the $p\eta$ cusp in the $p\pi^0$ final state.

Intractable phase dynamics often challenge our understanding of complex oscillatory systems, hindering the exploration of synchronisation, chaos, and emergent phenomena across diverse fields. We introduce a novel conceptual framework for phase analysis, using the osculating circle to construct a co-moving coordinate system, which allows us to define a unique phase of the system. This coordinate independent, geometrical technique allows dissecting intricate local phase dynamics, even in regimes where traditional methods fail. Our methodology enables the analysis of a wider range of complex systems which were previously deemed intractable., Comment: 12 pages, 14 figures

The development of manufacturable and scalable integrated nonlinear photonic materials is driving key technologies in diverse areas such as high-speed communications, signal processing, sensing, and quantum information. Here, we demonstrate a novel nonlinear platform -- InGaP-on-insulator -- optimized for visible-to-telecommunication wavelength $\chi^{\left(2\right)}$ nonlinear optical processes. In this work, we detail our 100-mm wafer-scale InGaP-on-insulator fabrication process realized via wafer bonding, optical lithography, and dry-etching techniques. The resulting wafers yield 1000s of components in each fabrication cycle, with initial designs that include chip-to-fiber couplers, 12.5-cm-long nested spiral waveguides, and arrays of microring resonators with free-spectral ranges spanning 400-900 GHz. We demonstrate intrinsic resonator quality factors as high as 324,000 (440,000) for single-resonance (split-resonance) modes near 1550 nm corresponding to 1.56 dB cm$^{-1}$ (1.22 dB cm$^{-1}$) propagation loss. We analyze the loss versus waveguide width and resonator radius to establish the operating regime for optimal 775-to-1550 nm phase matching. By combining the high $\chi^{\left(2\right)}$ and $\chi^{\left(3\right)}$ optical nonlinearity of InGaP with wafer-scale fabrication and low propagation loss, these results open promising possibilities for entangled-photon, multi-photon, and squeezed light generation.

We present the findings of a study based on a new inelastic electron-scattering experiment on the ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ nucleus focusing on the kinematic region of $Q^2=0.8\,\mathrm{GeV}^2/{c}^2$. The measured cross section is sensitive to the transverse response function and provides a stringent test of theoretical models, as well as of the theoretical assumptions made in Monte-Carlo event-generator codes developed for the interpretation of neutrino-nucleus experiments, such as DUNE and HyperK. We find that modern generators such as GENIE and GiBUU reproduce our new experimental data within 10$\%$.

We present a (Las Vegas) algorithm for explicitly computing the simple objects of the categorical (Drinfeld) center of a spherical fusion category. Our approach is based on decomposing the images of simple objects under the induction functor from the category to its center. We have implemented this algorithm in a general-purpose software framework TensorCategories.jl for tensor categories that we develop within the open-source computer algebra system OSCAR. While the required computations are still too heavy to investigate standard examples whose center is not yet known up to some equivalence, our algorithm has the advantage of determining explicit half-braidings for the simple central objects, avoiding abstract equivalences and the like. Furthermore, it also works over not necessarily algebraically closed fields, and this yields new explicit examples of non-split modular categories.

We measure the spin-density matrix elements (SDMEs) of the $\Delta^{++}(1232)$ in the photoproduction reaction $\gamma p \to \pi^-\Delta^{++}(1232)$ with the GlueX experiment in Hall D at Jefferson Lab. The measurement uses a linearly--polarized photon beam with energies from $8.2$ to $8.8$~GeV and the statistical precision of the SDMEs exceeds the previous measurement by three orders of magnitude for the momentum transfer squared region below $1.4$ GeV$^2$. The data are sensitive to the previously undetermined relative sign between couplings in existing Regge-exchange models. Linear combinations of the extracted SDMEs allow for a decomposition into natural and unnatural--exchange amplitudes. We find that the unnatural exchange plays an important role in the low momentum transfer region.

We show that every C*-algebra that is (m,n)-pure in the sense of Winter is already pure, that is, its Cuntz semigroup is almost unperforated and almost divisible. More generally, we show that even weaker comparison and divisibility properties automatically lead to pureness. We use this to show that, under a mild comparison assumption, pureness is automatic for C*-algebras that are either nowhere scattered with real rank zero or stable rank one, or simple, unital, non-elementary, with a unique quasitrace. As an application to the non-simple Toms-Winter conjecture, we show that every C*-algebra with the Global Glimm Property and finite nuclear dimension is pure. It follows that a separable, locally subhomogeneous C*-algebras with stable rank one and topological dimension zero is pure if and only if it is $\mathcal{Z}$-stable, if and only if it is nowhere scattered and has finite nuclear dimension., Comment: Improvements throughout; added applications to C*-simple groups and Villadsen algebras; the paper has now been submitted

Rare-earth ion-doped crystals are of great interest for quantum memories, a central component in future quantum repeaters. To assess the promise of 1$\%$ Tm$^{3+}$-doped yttrium gallium garnet (Tm:YGG), we report measurements of optical coherence and energy-level lifetimes of its $^3$H$_6$ $\leftrightarrow$ $^3$H$_4$ transition at a temperature of around 500 mK and various magnetic fields. Using spectral hole burning, we find hyperfine ground-level (Zeeman level) lifetimes of several minutes at magnetic fields of less than 1000 G. We also measure coherence time exceeding one millisecond using two-pulse photon echoes. Three-pulse photon echo and spectral hole burning measurements reveal that due to spectral diffusion, the effective coherence time reduces to a few $\mu$s over a timescale of around two hundred seconds. Finally, temporal and frequency-multiplexed storage of optical pulses using the atomic frequency comb protocol is demonstrated. Our results suggest Tm:YGG to be promising for multiplexed photonic quantum memory for quantum repeaters.

We propose to measure the weak decay constant $\alpha_-$ for the decay $\Lambda\rightarrow p\pi^-$ using a both circularly and linearly polarized photon beam with the GlueX spectrometer in Hall D. The measurement will take advantage of the fact that a measurement with both linear and circular photon beam polarization results in an over-constrained set of amplitudes which can be fitted to data and used to extract $\alpha_-$ which will be left as a free parameter in the fit. We expect to determine $\alpha_-$ with statistical uncertainties comparable to existing measurements and independent systematic uncertainties. This measurement can be performed alongside GlueX-II running and requires no new hardware or new beam time. The measurement requires that a sufficient fraction of the electron beam polarization be longitudinal in the Hall D tagger., Comment: Submitted to Jefferson Lab PAC52

Let $R$ be a ring and let $n\ge 2$. We discuss the question of whether every element in the matrix ring $M_n(R)$ is a product of (additive) commutators $[x,y]=xy-yx$, for $x,y\in M_n(R)$. An example showing that this does not always hold, even when $R$ is commutative, is provided. If, however, $R$ has Bass stable rank one, then under various additional conditions every element in $M_n(R)$ is a product of three commutators. Further, if $R$ is a division ring with infinite center, then every element in $M_n(R)$ is a product of two commutators. If $R$ is a field and $a\in M_n(R)$, then every element in $M_n(R)$ is a sum of elements of the form $[a,x][a,y]$ with $x,y\in M_n(R)$ if and only if the degree of the minimal polynomial of $a$ is greater than $2$., Comment: 15 pages

In this paper, a new method to model solidification of thin liquid films is proposed. \blue{This method is targeted at applications like aircraft icing and tablet coating where the formation of liquid films from impinging droplets on a surface form a critical part of the physics of the process.} The proposed model takes into account the (i) unsteadiness in temperature distribution, (ii) heat transfer at the interface between the solid and the surface, (iii) volumetric expansion/contraction and (iv) the liquid thin-film behaviour, each of which are either partly or fully ignored in existing models. The liquid thin-film, modeled using the Discrete Droplet Method (DDM), is represented as a collection of discrete droplets that are tracked in a Lagrangian sense. The height of the liquid film is estimated as a summation of Gaussian kernel functions associated with each droplet. At each droplet location, a solid height is also computed. The evolution of the solid height is governed by the Stefan problem. The flow of the liquid thin-film is solved just as in the case of DDM, while also taking into consideration the shape of the solidified region lying beneath the droplet. The results presented in this work show the reliability of the proposed model in simulating solidification of thin-films and its applicability to complex problems such as ice-formation on aircraft wings. The model has been verified for canonical problems that have analytical solutions. For the more complex problems of icing, the results of the model are compared with data from literature, without considering a background air flow. The comparison can be improved by coupling this model with suitable air flow solvers, as shown in the final test case., Comment: Pre-proof version

In this study, we address a gap in existing unsupervised domain adaptation approaches on LiDAR-based 3D object detection, which have predominantly concentrated on adapting between established, high-density autonomous driving datasets. We focus on sparser point clouds, capturing scenarios from different perspectives: not just from vehicles on the road but also from mobile robots on sidewalks, which encounter significantly different environmental conditions and sensor configurations. We introduce Unsupervised Adversarial Domain Adaptation for 3D Object Detection (UADA3D). UADA3D does not depend on pre-trained source models or teacher-student architectures. Instead, it uses an adversarial approach to directly learn domain-invariant features. We demonstrate its efficacy in various adaptation scenarios, showing significant improvements in both self-driving car and mobile robot domains. Our code is open-source and will be available soon., Comment: Accepted for IEEE RA-L 2024

Perception plays a crucial role in various robot applications. However, existing well-annotated datasets are biased towards autonomous driving scenarios, while unlabelled SLAM datasets are quickly over-fitted, and often lack environment and domain variations. To expand the frontier of these fields, we introduce a comprehensive dataset named MCD (Multi-Campus Dataset), featuring a wide range of sensing modalities, high-accuracy ground truth, and diverse challenging environments across three Eurasian university campuses. MCD comprises both CCS (Classical Cylindrical Spinning) and NRE (Non-Repetitive Epicyclic) lidars, high-quality IMUs (Inertial Measurement Units), cameras, and UWB (Ultra-WideBand) sensors. Furthermore, in a pioneering effort, we introduce semantic annotations of 29 classes over 59k sparse NRE lidar scans across three domains, thus providing a novel challenge to existing semantic segmentation research upon this largely unexplored lidar modality. Finally, we propose, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, continuous-time ground truth based on optimization-based registration of lidar-inertial data on large survey-grade prior maps, which are also publicly released, each several times the size of existing ones. We conduct a rigorous evaluation of numerous state-of-the-art algorithms on MCD, report their performance, and highlight the challenges awaiting solutions from the research community., Comment: Accepted by The IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 2024

Human exposure to electromagnetic fields produced by two wearable antennas operating in the 2.4 GHz frequency band was assessed by computational tools. Both antennas were designed to be attached to the skin, but they were intended for different applications. The first antenna was designed for off-body applications, i.e. to communicate with a device placed outside the body, while the second antenna model was optimized to communicate with a device located inside the body. The power absorption in human tissues was determined at several locations of adult male and female body models. The maximum specific absorption rate (SAR) value obtained with the off-body antenna was found on the torso of the woman model and was equal to 0.037 W/kg at 2.45 GHz. SAR levels increased significantly for the antenna transmitting inside the body. In this case, SAR values ranged between 0.23 and 0.45 W/kg at the same body location. The power absorbed in different body tissues and total power absorbed in the body were also calculated; the maximum total power absorbed was equal to 5.2 mW for an antenna input power equal to 10 mW.

In the recent past, a comprehensive experimental program has been worked out at the Mainz Energy-Recovery Superconducting Accelerator, MESA, at the Institute of Nuclear Physics in Mainz. MESA is a high-intensity, low-energy electron accelerator presently under construction and will thereby provide great opportunities to perform a new generation of high-precision scattering experiments. The versatile MAGIX experiment will use MESA's innovative energy recovery technique, with a science focus on the study of hadron structure and few-body systems, dark sector searches, and investigations into reactions pertinent to nuclear astrophysics. An external beam line will supply spin-polarized electrons to the P2 experiment, enabling the performance of sensitive tests of the Standard Model through parity-violating electron scattering. The DarkMESA beam dump experiment, situated behind P2, is dedicated to the search for light dark matter particles., Comment: Proceedings of the 16th edition of the "International Conference on Meson-Nucleon Physics and the Structure of the Nucleon" (MENU 2023)

We show that there exists a separable, nuclear C*-algebra with real rank zero and trivial K-theory such that its multiplier and corona algebra have real rank one. This disproves two conjectures of Brown and Pedersen. We also compute the real rank of the stable multiplier algebra and the stable corona algebra of countably decomposable type $\mathrm{I}_\infty$ and type $\mathrm{II}_\infty$ factors. Together with results of Zhang this completes the computation of the real rank for stable multiplier and corona algebras of countably decomposable factors., Comment: 22 pages

Photoproduction of $\pi^0\pi^{\pm}$-pairs from quasifree nucleons bound in the deuteron has been investigated to study the helicity dependence of this reaction. Measurements with a liquid deuterium target were used to extract the unpolarized cross sections for reactions on protons and neutrons. A deuterated, longitudinally polarized solid-butanol target, together with a circularly polarized photon beam, determined the double polarization observable $E$. From these results the spin-dependent cross sections $\sigma_{1/2}$ and $\sigma_{3/2}$, corresponding to the anti-parallel and parallel spin configurations of the beam photon and target nucleon, have been derived. The measurements were performed at the Mainz MAMI accelerator with tagged, circularly-polarized photon beams produced via bremsstrahlung from longitudinally polarized electron beams. The reaction products were detected with an almost $4\pi$ solid-angle covering calorimeter composed of the Crystal Ball and TAPS detectors, supplemented by plastic scintillation detectors for charged particle identification. The results are sensitive to sequential decays of nucleon resonances via intermediate states and also to the decay of nucleon resonances by emission of charged $\rho$ mesons, and are compared to recent model results., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures