Search

Introduction. Noncommunicable diseases represent a huge and growing global burden, posing serious challenges to health systems in both high-, low- and middle-income countries. One of the reasons is the low level of health literacy of the population, which does not ensure adequate health-saving behavior. The purpose of the study is to review the publications of non-Russian authors on the health literacy concept analysis. Materials and methods. The analysis of foreign publications was carried out using content analysis, the unit of which was "health literacy". Results. The study showed that the concept of health literacy and its content have been deeply studied in foreign literature. Health literacy includes the ability to read and understand health-related written text, communicate health information effectively, navigate the health care system, and achieve and maintain good health. Some Russian studies also reflect the level of health literacy of the population. For citation: Abubakirov AS, Zudin AB, Tsyganok RS. Approaches to the definition and essence of the health literacy concept. City Healthсare. 2023;4(1): 105-113. doi: 10.47619/2713-2617.zm.2023.v.4i1;105-113

Introduction. Due to rapid expansion of the global knowledge-based economy many organizations, including medical ones, have to find and implement the most appropriate knowledge capital solutions that will enable them to achieve sustainable competitive advantages. Background. The paper is aimed to provide theoretical overview of the knowledge management concept in the management system, its functions, effects and advantages of implementation in medical organizations. Materials and methods. Analysis and synthesis of scientific publications were used to define the conceptual idea of knowledge management, its functions, principles, advantages, implementation and application. Results. The study showed that knowledge management (KM) as a concept and a management function remains understudied in modern scientific literature. In terms of strategic management and sustainable development of medical organizations, scientific works studying KM are poorly presented, which does not allow to fully assess the prospects and possibilities of knowledge management in medicine and healthcare. For citation: Zudin AB, Gurtskoy LD, Ananchenkova PI. Knowledge management as a management function. City Healthсare. 2023; 4 (1): 98-104. doi: 10.47619/2713-2617.zm.2023.v.4i1;98-104

Introduction: In 2020–2022, Russia, like the rest of the world, faced the COVID-19 pandemic. The necessity to overcome its challenges has led to the expansion of powers of the regions. To improve public policy, it is expedient to evaluate the effectiveness of measures taken by the regions for public health preservation. Such an evaluation is proposed to be carried out using the public health index, which requires the development of appropriate methodological approaches. Objective: To develop and test a methodological approach to analyzing the effectiveness of public policy measures in terms of preserving public health. Materials and methods: This work continues a series of studies on establishing the public health index in the Russian Federation, which has already developed an approach to calculating this indicator in view of medical and social resources of the population. The approach is based on the recommendations of the World Health Organization standard "The Urban Health Index". The evaluation of the effectiveness of public policy measures involves the implementation of several stages for calculating the public health index and the classification of Russian regions depending on the degree of its change for 2019-2022. When performing calculations, correlation analysis is used to identify indicators that do not contradict each other. Through the normalization of indicators, as well as the calculation of average geometric values, the calculation of the public health index is carried out. The data for calculating the public health index are taken from the website of Rosstat and the Ministry of Health of Russia. Results: We established deterioration of public health indicators in most regions. We believe that this finding is primarily related to the COVID-19 pandemic as a large–scale challenge. In 2022, the public health index for the Russian Federation has decreased by 13.15 % compared with 2019. The largest decline has been observed in the Saratov Region (69.14 %). At the same time, an increase in the public health index has been registered in several regions, e.g. by 6 % over the study period in the Tyumen Region. Conclusion: The analysis of the components of the public health index makes it possible to ascertain the cause of public health worsening in the region and to assess its determinants. Having classified the regions, it is important to identify the determinants of public health that can be influenced through public policy instruments.

The article considers issues of health management of employees at workplace in conditions of globalization and digitalization of society, causing need to revise the labor relations. Under impact of global trends in field of digital technologies, transformation occurs concerning working environment and labor safety measures, contributing to development of new forms of interaction between employee and employer and employment models as well. The ongoing changes in society and global changes in labor market require to investigate new labor conditions, formation of system of knowledge about directions and perspectives for development of labor relations and human resources management. Nowadays, because of spreading of COVID-19 morbidity, increased attention is paid to health of employees and measures targeted to preventing morbidity are intensified. The need to work in new conditions dictates topical issues for scientific research in coming years: development of theory of new labor economy, investigation changes in paradigm of quality of labor life, well-being at workplace in conditions of digitalization of economy and formation of new employment model, digital generation of workers and new challenges in human resources management.The purpose of the study is to explore issues of health management of employees at workplace in conditions of globalization and digitalization. The implemented study permitted to conclude that problems of socio-psychological nature occurring in labor sphere in conditions of active transition to digital economy are complicated by increasing instability of labor relations and occurrence of new social economic and psychological risks at workplace that negatively effect on health and well-being of employees.Рассмотрены вопросы управления здоровьем сотрудников на рабочем месте в условиях глобализации и цифровизации общества, вызывающих необходимость пересмотра в сфере трудовых отношений. Под влиянием общемировых тенденций в сфере цифровых технологий происходит трансформация рабочей среды и мер охраны труда, способствуя появлению новых форм взаимодействия между работником и работодателем и моделей занятости. Происходящие перемены в обществе и глобальные изменения на рынке труда требуют исследования новых условий труда, формирования системы знаний о направлениях и перспективах развития трудовых отношений и управления человеческими ресурсами. В связи с распространением заболеваемости COVID-19 в настоящее время уделяется повышенное внимание здоровью сотрудников и усиливаются меры, направленные на профилактику заболеваемости. Необходимость работать в новых условиях диктует актуальные вопросы для научных исследований на ближайшие годы: развитие теории новой экономики труда, исследование изменения парадигмы качества трудовой жизни, благополучия на рабочем месте в условиях цифровизации экономики и формирования новой модели занятости, цифрового поколения работников и новых вызовов управления человеческими ресурсами. Цель настоящей работы заключается в исследовании вопросов управления здоровьем сотрудников на рабочем месте в условиях глобализации и цифровизации. Проведенное исследование позволяет сделать вывод, что проблемы социально-психологического характера, возникающие в трудовой сфере в условиях активного перехода к цифровой экономике, осложняются ростом нестабильности трудовых отношений и появлением новых социально-экономических и психологических рисков на рабочем месте, оказывающих негативное воздействие на здоровье и благополучие работников.

The article presents an overview of scientific publications by foreign authors on the development of corporate socially-oriented practices in the field of employee health management. It is determined that there is a direct link between initiatives within the framework of internal corporate social responsibility and health, stress level, satisfaction, productivity of employees, their loyalty to the company.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the need to improve methods of public health assessment and approaches to the development of a system for its monitoring in the Russian Federation. Public health represents a sociomedical resource of the society, deterioration of which has a negative effect on the potential of the society to resist emerging threats. Within a series of previous studies, the authors have developed a methodological approach to calculating the public health index, the monitoring of which will facilitate managerial decisions aimed at strengthening of the potential of public health. Objective: To test a methodological approach to calculating the public health index in the regions of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods: To estimate the public health index, we applied an original methodology specially developed with account for strategic goals outlined by the Russian President and provisions of the WHO Handbook for calculation and use of the Urban Health Index. It includes correlation assessment and standardization of parameters. The components of the public health index were selected in view of the requirements established by the presidential decree on preserving the population of the country, developing the human potential, and strengthening national defense capabilities. Results: We calculated Russian regional values of the public health index for the year 2019. The year selection was determined by the absence of significant biological challenges, currently posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the aftermath of the pension reform. The estimated mean of the public health index in the Russian Federation in 2019 was 0.238, with extremes established in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (0.458) and the Kurgan Region (0.036). Conclusions: Public health monitoring involves tracking of achieved values of the public health index and its individual constituents as they allow judgment on the potential of the society to counteract external threats. Further research should be aimed at analyzing changes in the public health index in the regions of Russia during and after large-scale biological and social challenges. It seems expedient to consider the issue of creating a national information portal devoted to public health problems in the country.

Introduction: The World Health Organization has defined the term “public health” as a sociomedical resource and potential of the society but no common methodological approach to its assessment and implementation in the public administration system has been proposed so far. Our study reveals a methodological approach to organizing public health monitoring in the Russian Federation. The relevance of this study is related to the need to focus government regulation on improving the quality of life of citizens, which cannot be achieved without duly monitoring of public health, subsequent managerial decision-making, and ensuring the continuity of health care. Objective: To develop a methodological approach to organization of public health monitoring. Materials and methods: Foreign and Russian experience was reviewed and analyzed based on 37 regulations and scientific papers of foreign and domestic authors published from the year 2008 to the present. We have also systematized guidelines issued by the World Health Organization, the International Organization for Standardization, and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development to identify mandatory components of public health monitoring. The OECD “Handbook on Constructing Composite Indicators: Methodology and User Guide” and the WHO “Urban Health Index” are used in determining the procedure for calculating public health indices. Results: We have developed the first methodological approach to constructing monitoring of public health in the Russian Federation that includes criteria of its evaluation as a sociomedical resource, involving calculation of the strategic and operational index of public health status. This approach reveals the order of implementation of organizational and process elements. Organizational elements are related to monitoring administration while process elements reveal the procedure for calculating public health indices. In addition to determining the indicative and critical values of the indices, it also seems appropriate to monitor individual indicators used in calculating the indices, such as the size of “population of pre-reproductive age”, “population under the working age”, “population covered by vaccination”, etc. Conclusion: The implementation of the methodological approach will ensure both the overall control of public health and monitoring of its individual areas. The calculation of the operational index will facilitate adjustment of actions of the authorities on a monthly basis while the assessment of the strategic index will increase the effectiveness of activities implemented within the framework of the strategic planning system.

This book presents the theory of periodic conjugate heat transfer in a detailed way. The effects of thermophysical properties and geometry of a solid body on the commonly used and experimentally determined heat transfer coefficient are analytically presented from a general point of view. The main objective of the book is a simplified description of the interaction between a solid body and a fluid as a boundary value problem of the heat conduction equation for the solid body. At the body surface, the true heat transfer coefficient is composed of two parts: the true mean value resulting from the solution of the steady state heat transfer problem and a periodically variable part, the periodic time and length to describe the oscillatory hydrodynamic effects. The second edition is extended by (i) the analysis of stability boundaries in helium flow at supercritical conditions in a heated channel with respect to the interaction between a solid body and a fluid; (ii) a periodic model and a method of heat transfer simulation in a fluid at supercritical pressure and (iii) a periodic quantum-mechanical model for homogeneous vapor nucleation in a fluid with respect to nanoscale effects

In recent years considerable interest has been aroused to the problem of high-temperature heat conduction of solid-state body subject to strong high-frequency electronic and laser beams [1].

This chapter occupies a particular place in the book, whose title itself indicates an involvement in heat transfer problems of the conjugate convective–conductive nature. Unlike the first eight chapters, the ninth chapter is concentrated exclusively on nonconjugate periodic heat transfer. Thus, the aspect of conjugation “fluid–solid body” falls out of the topic of this chapter. The objective of the ninth chapter consists in modeling of heat transfer on the basis of an analysis of periodic internal structure of near-wall turbulence. The author deemed justifiable to make the following excursus. The model of thermohydraulic pulsations in helium flow considered in Chap. 8 means knowledge of intensity of heat transfer between the wall and turbulent flow. The thermophysical properties of helium in the area of supercritical pressures (SCP) exhibit rather complicated and even to a certain extent freakish character of variation. The second reason, which caused the author to recede from the analysis of conjugate problems, is pulsatory character of turbulent heat transfer by its very nature. The tempting possibility to undertake an approximate description of turbulent heat transfer in the area of SCP on the basis of a simple periodic model was a decisive argument to write the present chapter.

To study the characteristics of the mass transfer of noncondensable gases in the primary loop of the nuclear icebreaker reactors, models of the core and the up-core space were developed using the Relap5 (USA) and Fluent (USA) codes and modeling of interphase mass transfer and transport of the gas phase by the water coolant was performed on these sections. Spatial non-uniformity of the content of undissolved gases, which arises as a result of vapor-gas bubbles concentrating in the vortex structures of the flow and resulting in a significant reduction of their dissolution rate, was revealed. This must be taken into account in the analysis of the operation of the primary loop equipment of nuclear icebreakers (hydrogen absorption in the titanium alloys of steam-generator piping, nodular corrosion of the zirconium cladding of the fuel rods).

Nowadays, the formation and development of medical insurance system of citizens attracts attention of experts in the medical field and the insurance market. The possibilities of using foreign practice in the formation and organization of medical insurance, including improving of models of financing health care system in foreign countries and implementation of mechanisms of resource support of health care industry tested in world practice, deserve interest of researchers in order to enhance financial institutions of national system of mandatory and voluntary medical insurance. In Russia and foreign countries, the mandatory medical insurance policy allows citizens insured in mandatory medical insurance system, to undergo examination and receive treatment in medical organizations in amount established at the state level. In Russia, popularity of the voluntary medical insurance policy depends on medical care quality in the mandatory medical insurance system and volume of services guaranteed within the framework of mandatory medical insurance.

The article considers issues of health, safety and well-being of working citizens in such sectors of economy having great importance for every state such as production and social sphere. The problem of health preservation and working place safety is actual for working population all around the world, going beyond interests of individual citizens and their families and playing primary role in issues of labor safety and productivity, competitiveness and development of enterprises, stability of national economy sectors. The actuality of the study is conditioned by the fact that human resources and labor market are key institutional factors impacting the level of state socioeconomic development and determining health status of working citizens. In Russia, the issues of support by employers safe working conditions in various spheres of national economy to contribute to preservation of their employees health, to occupational diseases prevention ultimately determine both labor productivity at particular enterprise and development and stability of national economy as a whole. The study of self-assessment of health status of workers in industrial production and social sphere was carried out on the basis of results of survey implemented in September 2020 among medical personnel of the Municipal Hospital No. 11 of the city of Ryazan and employees of the oil refining plant - JSC Ryazan Oil Refinery. The analysis of the study results permitted to conclude that, in answering question about health status assessment, workers of social sphere consider themselves to be healthier than workers in industrial production.

Knowledge of laws of strong evaporation is instrumental for the solution of a number of applied problems: the effect of laser radiation on materials (Gusarov and Smurov in Phys. Fluids 14:4242–4255, [1]), calculation of the parameters of discharge into vacuum of a flashing coolant (Larina et al. in Fluid Dyn. 31:127–133, [2]), etc.

The knowledge of the laws governing intense evaporation is important for vacuum technologies, exposure of materials to laser radiation, outflow of a coolant on loss of sealing in the protective envelope of an atomic power plant, and for other applications.

The superfluidity phenomenon of helium, which was discovered in the 1930s by Kapitza (Nature 141:74, 1938) [1], is about 100 years old. The superfluidity, which a macroscopic quantum phenomenon, is related to the formation (“condensation”) of a finite number of particles in one quantum state. This condensate of particles features some properties of the dissipation-free motion, which are responsible for the superfluidity phenomenon (Schmitt in Introduction to superfluidity: field-theoretical approach and applications. Springer, 2004) [2]. Below we shall be concerned only with superfluidity of Helium-4, which is the most common of the two isotopes of helium in nature. The superfluidity of the second isotope (Helium-3), which is a much more involved insufficiently known problem (Audi et al. in Nucl Phys A 729:3–128, 2003) [3], is beyond the scope of this book. So, below by “helium” we shall mean Helium-4. Helium is an extremely unusual system. This inert gas condenses only at a few degrees Kelvin and only helium remains a fluid down to absolute zero \( T = 0 \). Solidification of helium requires pressure about 30 atm. Because of this, the phase diagram for helium does not contain the triple point, which is standard for all other substances. At normal pressure helium boils at 4.2 K, the thermodynamic critical point corresponds to 5.19 K at pressure 2.24 atm. The “reluctance” of helium to form crystals can be explained by quantum effects—because of small mass of atoms and weakness of their interactions, their deflections from the equilibrium position in helium crystal are comparable with the interatomic distance, which leads to the “delocalization” of atoms in the crystal. To a certain extent, the smallness of the amplitude of the zero-point vibrations of atoms in the crystal lattice is analogous to the behavior of electrons in an ordinary metal. A remarkable property of quantum crystals of helium is their ability to generate crystallization waves, which can be looked upon as a dissipationless recrystallization of the surface.

Numerous studies were devoted to the investigation of hydrodynamics and heat transfer in a close-packed fixed layer of pebbles (pebble bed), the results of such studies were generalized, in particular, in the monographs.

Helium at Supercritical Pressures (SCP) is used as a coolant for cryogenic freezing of superconductivity-based objects. Supercritical helium has the following advantages over the boiling working media.

Gas bubbles rising in a liquid at rest under the gravity force may have various forms: sphere, oblate spheroid, and spherical cap. Depending on the form of the bubble, its trajectory can be either rectilinear, zigzag, or spiral.

The problem of vapor condensation on a solid surface has been traditionally referred to as a classical problem of two-phase thermo-hydrodynamics. The best-studied case is the condensation of a steady-state vapor on a vertical plate [1, 2] when the hydrodynamics of the laminar flow of a condensate film is determined by the interaction between the gravity forces (the driving force) and the viscous friction on the wall.

According to (Morel in Mathematical modeling of disperse two-phase flow. Springer, 2015), the distribution of spherical liquid droplets dispersed in a vapor flow significantly affects the characteristics of heat transport in a dispersed two-phase flow.

The article deals with results of comparative analysis of the dynamics and trends of the incidents of malignant neoplasms in the population of the Moscow region. The Central Federal district and the Russian federation as a whole according to Rosstat data for 2009-2018. It was established that in Moscow region in comparison with other territories, the level and growth rates of the incidence of malignant neoplasms were lower. In the structure of the incidence of malignant neoplasms, the first rank places are occupied by breast, skin, lung, colon and prostate cancer. Attention is drawn to the fact that over the entire period of observation, the indicator of the number of people under medical supervision in the Moscow region was consistently higher than in the Russian Federation and the Central Federal district. Over the period of 2012-2018, the share of malignant neoplasms of the first stage of the spread of the tumor process increased by 23.4% in the region, and the share of stages III and IV decreased (by 16.9% and 12.3%, respectively).The increase in the number of newly detected malignancies seems to be due to increased diagnostic capabilities in recent times.

The diseases of skin and subcutaneous tissue, despite the constantly improving methods of their diagnosis and treatment, continue to widespread in the population of the Russian Federation. Consequently, it is relevant to develop evidence-based measures of improving dermatological medical care for the population. The purpose of study is to develop and substantiate proposals for improving specialized medical care of patients with chronic dermatitis in megalopolis. The questionnaire survey of 412 patients with chronic dermatitis, residing in Moscow, and 197 dermatovenerologists from Moscow state medical institutions was carried out. The measures of improving dermatological medical care were proposed. The study identified lacking of adequate provision of therapeutic and preventive medical care of patients with chronic dermatitis and their relatively low medical activity. The article substantiates proposals for improving of organization and provision of dermatological medical care, provided by medical and organizational activities for patients and doctors. To select the optimal strategy for patients with chronic dermatitis, the appropriate algorithm was developed that included four consecutive stages: initial examination of patient; patient records filling in with data of additional laboratory diagnosis; prescription of drug and non-drug therapy; conducting of preventive courses of drug therapy and prescription of SPA-treatment. The results of study inputted into identification of risks associated with provision of specialized medical care in area of Dermatovenerology and medical activity of patients including subsequent development of proposals for their elimination.

The article discusses such issues of current state of staffing in medical sector as availability of health care system specialists, training programs for applicants to medical educational organizations and post-graduate programs for specialists, professional motivation and job prospects for graduates, prospects for development of medical education and training. In addition to professional sphere, modern health care system is also a market for medical services, which, according to expert estimates, is about 10 trillion US dollars per year. The participants in the field of medical services are not only organizations that provide medical care, but also manufacturers of medical equipment and medications. The medical sphere can't to effectively develop isolated from social structure. The staffing in medical field requires, along with professional motivation and job prospects in order to attract specialists in the field of medicine, and provide social support for their retention. The students entering medical university need decent salary after graduation and favorable conditions for further progression in professional field.

The article presents the results of study concerning improving medical care quality in rural areas. The purpose was to investigate the characteristics of medical personnel training in the framework of the “Zemstvo Doctor” program. The activities of the University were analyzed concerning implementation of professional training of medical personnel and including continuing medical education. To achieve this goal, efficiency of educational programs development considering contribution of the “Zemstvo doctor” program implementation was evaluated. The study was carried out in 2013-2019 on the basis of the Medical Institute of Belgorod State National Research University. The structured interview was applied as methodology of collecting primary data. The fact of decreasing of medical profession prestige that occurs against the background of implementation of the state program “Zemstvo Doctor” was established. The overcoming of this situation is necessary to improve medical care quality in rural areas. The focusing on existing regional features of medical care support and taking into account characteristics of health of population are required. In this respect the key factor is the training of rural physicians to employ high-tech technologies, including digital simulation and telecommunications equipment. The relevance of the state program “Zemstvo Doctor” is obvious, but the medical education system has no official instructions concerning the need of correcting educational programs. The efficiency of changes applied to educational programs was determined by subjective assessment of the need and the clinical experience of physicians-lecturers who are involved in resolving scientific and practical problems of health care in rural areas.

A method is proposed for approximate solution of the problem on the hydrodynamics of the evaporating meniscus of a thin liquid film on a heating surface. This method is based on reduction of the initial differential equation for the hydrodynamics of the meniscus. The interaction of the intermolecular, capillary, and viscous forces and the molecular-kinetic effects at the boundary between the meniscus and the adsorbed thin liquid film were analyzed. The analytical solution obtained allows one to determine the geometrical parameters of such a meniscus and the heat flow through it.

A semi-empirical model based on the linear kinetic theory was developed for intense evaporation. The extrapolated drops for pressure and temperature at the condensed phase surface were calculated through summing of linear and squared terms. The analytical dependencies were obtained for gas parameters in gas-dynamic zone as functions of Mach number, condensation coefficient, and the number of degrees of freedom for molecules of ideal gas. The calculations from semi-empirical model are in agreement with results from known analytical and numerical studies.

The article considers the types of public-private partnership in the medical services market. Nowadays, health care is recognized all over the world as one of the most investment attractive platform for development of public-private partnership. The investments of private capital into medical services sector represent global trend conditioned by implementation of innovative treatment methods, technique support of medical clinics, improvement of quality of medical services, formation of new institutional structure in health care. The alterations like that make it necessary to attract financial resources, including at the expense of private investments entry. Thus, in modern economic conditions, issues of considering possibilities of public-private partnership projects in medical services market are actual in Russia.

The results of scientific research can be trusted when initial data is processed properly. To watch out quality of data is the most important in those research studies that provide their results to Russian health care officials for management decision-making that effect medical care support on national scale. The financial support of science within the framework of public contracts turns out less efficient when deductions are based on unreliably collected, altered or omitted information. When electronic systems are applied in data collection, they are to meet definite requirements. There are several international documents defining requirements to electronic systems collecting and processing information in medical scientific research. In the Russian Federation, such requirements are absent. The solution of this problem is in gradual implementation of common international standards into practice of collecting research data initially through researchers' training and then through Russian regulatory documentation amendment.

The publication activity is one of main criteria of assessment of scientific activity of individuals and organizations. The results publications in serious scientific journal is considered as confirmation that study is properly planned, implemented and statistically processed. The inconsistency of research planning and presentation of results in Russia to international requirements is major cause of preventing publication in prominent international editions. to overcome this problem is possible through graduate implementation of international standards initially through education of national researchers and then through development of national standard documentation related to scientific research.

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in new fundamental and application problems focused on the study of strong phase transitions like evaporation and condensation. Problems of this kind arise in the study of many processes.

The first documented mention of superheated liquid occurred in 1777 when the London Royal Society issued a recommendation to place a thermometer bulb not in boiling water itself, but rather in its vapors. In 1873, a century later, Gibbs [1] was first to carry out a physical analysis of specific features of the superheated (“metastable”) state of liquid. Interesting facts about early observations of superheated liquid can be found in “Course in Physics” by Khvolson (1923).

The statistical mechanics (at present, the statistical physics), which is considered as a new trend in theoretical physics and is based on the description of involved systems with infinite number of molecules, was created by Maxwell, Boltzmann, and Gibbs. An important constituent of the statistical mechanics is the kinetic molecular theory, which resides on the Boltzmann integral-differential equation.

In the area of pressures above the thermodynamic critical \( \left( {p > p_{c} } \right) \), pure substances are known to behave like single-phase liquids with locally equilibrium properties. This range of parameters is called the area of supercritical pressures (SCP), and the medium in it, a supercritical fluid (SCF) [1]. The area of supercritical pressures had become the subject of interest in thermal engineering in connection with the attempts to solve the principal problem of enhancing the initial vapor parameters in the 1960s. SCFs are considered as promising coolants due to their specific properties, and at present SCP power units play the key role in heat power engineering of advanced countries.