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1. Coaching doctors to improve ethical decision-making in adult hospitalized patients potentially receiving excessive treatment. The CODE stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial

Author

Benoit, Dominique D., De Pauw, Aglaja, Jacobs, Celine, Moors, Ine, Offner, Fritz, Velghe, Anja, Van Den Noortgate, Nele, Depuydt, Pieter, Druwé, Patrick, Hemelsoet, Dimitri, Meurs, Alfred, Malotaux, Jiska, Van Biesen, Wim, Verbeke, Francis, Derom, Eric, Stevens, Dieter, De Pauw, Michel, Tromp, Fiona, Van Vlierberghe, Hans, Callebout, Eduard, Goethals, Katrijn, Lievrouw, An, Liu, Limin, Manesse, Frank, Vanheule, Stijn, and Piers, Ruth

Published
2024
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2. Publisher Correction: Coaching doctors to improve ethical decision-making in adult hospitalized patients potentially receiving excessive treatment. The CODE stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial

Author

Benoit, Dominique D., De Pauw, Aglaja, Jacobs, Celine, Moors, Ine, Offner, Fritz, Velghe, Anja, Van Den Noortgate, Nele, Depuydt, Pieter, Druwé, Patrick, Hemelsoet, Dimitri, Meurs, Alfred, Malotaux, Jiska, Van Biesen, Wim, Verbeke, Francis, Derom, Eric, Stevens, Dieter, De Pauw, Michel, Tromp, Fiona, Van Vlierberghe, Hans, Callebout, Eduard, Goethals, Katrijn, Lievrouw, An, Liu, Limin, Manesse, Frank, Vanheule, Stijn, and Piers, Ruth

Published
2025
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6. A regularity property of fractional Brownian sheets

Author

Bouafia, Philippe and De Pauw, Thierry

Subjects
Mathematics - Probability, Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, 60G22, 60G17, 26A45
Abstract

A function $f$ defined on $[0, 1]^d$ is called strongly chargeable if there is a continuous vector-field $v$ such that $f(x_1, \dots,x_d)$ equals the flux of $v$ through the rectangle $[0, x_1] \times \cdots \times [0, x_d]$ for all $(x_1, \dots, x_d) \in [0, 1]^d$. In other words, $f$ is the primitive of the divergence of a continuous vector-field. We prove that the sample paths of the Brownian sheet with $d \geq 2$ parameters are almost surely not strongly chargeable. On the other hand, those of the fractional Brownian sheet of Hurst parameter $(H_1, \dots, H_d)$ are shown to be almost surely strongly chargeable whenever \[ \frac{H_1 + \cdots + H_d}{d} > \frac{d - 1}{d}. \]

Published
2024

7. Ten practical guidelines for microclimate research in terrestrial ecosystems

Author

Pieter De Frenne, Rémy Beugnon, David Klinges, Jonathan Lenoir, Pekka Niittynen, Sylvain Pincebourde, Rebecca A. Senior, Juha Aalto, Kryštof Chytrý, Phillipa K. Gillingham, Caroline Greiser, Eva Gril, Stef Haesen, Michael Kearney, Martin Kopecký, Peter C. le Roux, Miska Luoto, Ilya Maclean, Matěj Man, Rachel Penczykowski, Liesbeth van denBrink, Stijn Van de Vondel, Karen De Pauw, Jonas J. Lembrechts, Julia Kemppinen, and Koenraad Van Meerbeek

Subjects
air and soil temperature, climate change, field handbook, humidity, macroclimate, microclimate, Ecology, QH540-549.5, Evolution, QH359-425
Abstract

Abstract Most biodiversity dynamics and ecosystem processes on land take place in microclimates that are decoupled from the climate as measured by standardised weather stations in open, unshaded locations. As a result, microclimate monitoring is increasingly being integrated in many studies in ecology and evolution. Overviews of the protocols and measurement methods related to microclimate are needed, especially for those starting in the field and to achieve more generality and standardisation in microclimate studies. Here, we present 10 practical guidelines for ground‐based research of terrestrial microclimates, covering methods and best practices from initial conceptualisation of the study to data analyses. Our guidelines encompass the significance of microclimates; the specifics of what, where, when and how to measure them; the design of microclimate studies; and the optimal approaches for analysing and sharing data for future use and collaborations. The paper is structured as a chronological guide, leading the reader through each step necessary to conduct a comprehensive microclimate study. At the end, we also discuss further research avenues and development in this field. With these 10 guidelines for microclimate monitoring, we hope to stimulate and advance microclimate research in ecology and evolution, especially under the pressing need to account for buffering or amplifying abilities of contrasting microhabitats in the context of global climate change.

Published
2025
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8. Informal caregiving and mental health: results from the Belgian health interview survey 2013 and 2018

Author

Filip Van Droogenbroeck, Bram Spruyt, Pierre Gérain, Laura Van den Borre, Pierre Smith, Robby De Pauw, and Sarah Dury

Subjects
Informal care, Psychological distress, GHQ-12, Public health, Population study, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Due to a globally ageing population, the demand for informal caregivers is increasing. This study investigates the socio-demographic profile of informal caregivers in Belgium and assesses the relationship between informal care (intensity and care recipients) and mental health, considering potential moderators like education, age, and gender. Methods Using population-based data from the 2013 and 2018 waves of the Belgian Health Interview Survey (N = 14,661), we conducted multivariate (multinomial/ordinal) logistic and linear regression analyses to examine the socio-demographic profile of informal caregivers and their psychological distress, measured through the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Results The prevalence of informal caregiving increased from 10.0% in 2013 to 13.0% in 2018. Informal caregivers were predominantly female, middle-aged, and often had no paid job. High-intensity caregivers (over 20 h/week) experienced significantly higher psychological distress compared to non-caregivers, whereas lower-intensity caregivers did not. Additionally, while gender, age, and education were significant predictors of who becomes a caregiver, they did not moderate the relationship between caregiving and mental health. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the stress of caregiving is more directly related to the nature and intensity of the caregiving tasks themselves rather than the demographic characteristics of the caregivers. Interventions aimed at reducing the adverse effects of caregiving might need to be universally applicable to all caregivers, focusing on reducing the intrinsic burdens of caregiving tasks rather than targeting demographic subgroups.

Published
2025
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9. Supporting Second Chance Education: Drop-In Students' Views on Educational Barriers and Needs to Study

Author

Lana Van Den Berghe, Jan Naert, Stijn Vandevelde, and Sarah S. W. De Pauw

Abstract

In many Western societies, earning a degree is considered an ultimate educational achievement. Second chance education (SCE) serves as a distinct pathway for those who have dropped out of school, allowing them to re-enter the educational system. Understanding the specific obstacles and needs of students in SCE is crucial for providing better-tailored support. However, limited knowledge exists about the challenges faced by students seeking to enrol in SCE. This qualitative study conducted in-depth interviews with 28 drop-in students (M[subscript age] = 30) to explore these barriers and needs. Identified barriers span institutional, situational, environmental, and life-course levels. Primary needs centre around warm and accessible teachers, as well as flexible, student-focused learning options. The results underscore the value and significance of second chance education as a unique pedagogical context for drop-in students. It also emphasizes that the insights gained from SCE can inform improvements in regular, first-chance education, serving diverse student populations. Lastly, SCE serves as a societal mirror, urging a re-evaluation of the broader discourse in education. Overall, this study calls for more appreciation of SCE, acknowledging and recognizing its unique pedagogical context, dedicated teachers, and determined students.

Published
2024
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13. Association Between Inter-Limb Asymmetry and Determinants of Middle- and Long-distance Running Performance in Healthy Populations: A Systematic Review

Author

Joachim D’Hondt, Laurent Chapelle, Chris Bishop, Dirk Aerenhouts, Kevin De Pauw, Peter Clarys, and Eva D’Hondt

Subjects
Side-to-side differences, Bilateral difference, Between-limb, Functional asymmetry, Morphological asymmetry, Kinematic asymmetry, Sports medicine, RC1200-1245
Abstract

Abstract Background The presence of inter-limb asymmetry in the human body has traditionally been perceived to be detrimental for athletic performance. However, a systematic review addressing and comprehensively assessing the association of asymmetry between the lower limbs and middle- and long-distance running performance-related metrics is currently lacking. Objective The main purpose of this systematic review was to examine the relationship between lower inter-limb asymmetry and determinants of running performance in healthy middle- and long-distance runners. The secondary objective was to identify possible avenues for further research in this area. Methods PubMed, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus were systematically searched for studies investigating the relationship between lower inter-limb asymmetry and (determinants of) running performance in healthy and injury-free middle- and long-distance runners. The quality of studies eligible for inclusion was assessed using the Downs and Black Quality Index Tool. Results Out of 4817 articles screened, 8 studies were included in this review which assessed the association between functional, morphological, kinematic and kinetic asymmetry and running performance-related metrics. The quality score of the included research varied between 5/10 and 9/10. Our results revealed mixed findings, showing both significant negative (n = 16) and positive (n = 1) associations as well as no significant associations (n = 30) between inter-limb asymmetry and running performance-related metrics. Conclusions A high heterogeneity across study methods and outcomes was apparent, making it difficult to draw a straightforward conclusion. Our results indicate that the majority of metrics of functional, morphological, kinematic and kinetic inter-limb asymmetry are negatively or not associated with running performance (and/or its determinants). Thus, a more extensive high-quality body of research using standardised asymmetry magnitude metrics is essential to determine whether, and to what extent asymmetry between the lower limbs could affect middle- and long-distance running performance. Future studies should establish potential trade-off values to help practitioners develop evidence-based training programs. Key Points In the majority of the metrics, the magnitude of lower inter-limb asymmetry was negatively or not associated with middle- and long-distance running performance. Coaches, athletes and researchers should be attentive of the task, time- and metric-specificity as well as the inter- and intra- individual variability of magnitude outcomes, when assessing inter-limb asymmetries.

Published
2024
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14. The Roles Second Chance Education Can Play as a Learning Environment: A Qualitative Study of 'Drop-In' Students

Author

Lana Van Den Berghe, Lana De Clercq, Sarah De Pauw, and Stijn Vandevelde

Abstract

In current Western societies, the number of students dropping out of school is high. At the same time, the importance of education leads to an increase in Second Chance Education (SCE) initiatives as an alternative way to obtain a degree. Little is known about the roles SCE can play as a learning environment for students "'dropping in'" beyond mere degree attainment. Therefore, this study aims to shed light on these roles by exploring the dropout experiences of drop-in students and the underlying reasons for enrolling in SCE. This study involves in-depth interviews with 28 drop-in students (M[subscript age]= 30.0). The findings reveal that not obtaining a degree could be a traumatic event, resulting in challenges such as stigmatisation, discrimination, and social pressure. Based on these experiences, SCE students articulated reasons for enrolling in SCE, including self-actualisation, improved occupational and educational opportunities, and social confirmation by significant others. Overall, this study identified three roles SCE can play for drop-in students, including serving as "a new start", "a tool/in-between phase" and "a way to finish unfinished business." These findings call for a more nuanced perspective on education and highlight the importance of reconsidering the individualistic perspective on success and failure in education.

Published
2024
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15. Teachers' Self-Efficacy and Role When Teaching STEM in High-Tech Informal Learning Environments

Author

Jelle Boeve-De Pauw, Haydée De Loof, Susanne Walan, Niklas Gericke, and Peter Van Petegem

Abstract

Background: Informal learning environments (ILEs) like Fablabs and Makerspaces have potential to facilitate development of STEM skills. However, these environments might be difficult for teachers to adopt in their teaching because of teaching approaches grounded in constructionism where the role of the teacher changes from a transmissive instructor to an active co-creator, and using high-tech equipment not normally found in schools. Purpose: The aim is to investigate teachers' self-efficacy and perceived role when teaching STEM in Fablabs and Makerspaces. This is investigated related to teaching in ILEs and using high-tech equipment. The study was conducted in two countries/regions, Flanders (Belgium) and Sweden We also compare differences between teachers depending on nationality, gender, and years of teaching experience. Sample: A total of 347 secondary school teachers completed an online survey. Quantitative analyses was used for all questions in the survey, except one open-ended question, which was analysed through inductive thematic coding. Results: The teachers reported moderate self-efficacy for teaching in ILEs , and low self-efficacy for using high-tech equipment. Some teachers described themselves as having active roles as a coach or as co-learner during visits with their students. Others saw themselves as having a passive role. Many teachers did not know what kind of role to take. The teachers who perceived an active role as a teacher in high-tech ILEs reported higher self-efficacy to teach in these environments than other teachers. Conclusions: This study shows that a constructionist approach to teaching is important if teachers are to develop self-efficacy to teach in high-tech ILEs. Thus, developing teacher practices in line with constructionism in relation to teaching in high-tech ILEs is imperative, in teacher education. The results also highlight that staff in Fablabs and Makerspaces are important for handling high-tech equipment. Hence, collaboration between staff in ILEs and teachers is of importance.

Published
2024
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16. Effectiveness of Education for Sustainability: The Importance of an Action-Oriented Approach

Author

Wanda Sass, Sven De Maeyer, Jelle Boeve-de Pauw, and Peter Van Petegem

Abstract

Science education is increasingly integrating a focus on socio-scientific issues. Policy makers and scholars also suggest education for sustainable development (ESD) is important for tackling current and future sustainability issues. ESD may foster students' action competence in sustainable development (ACiSD; knowledgeability, willingness, capacity expectations and outcome expectancy) regarding contributing to sustainability action. However, reports on effectiveness research relating to ACiSD as a learning outcome of action-oriented ESD are scarce. The current study explores (1) how early adolescents perceive their teachers' ESD implementation and (2) whether perceived ESD (holism, pluralism, and action-orientedness) affects students' self-reported ACiSD. We administered two questionnaires to 12-16 year-old secondary school students, tapping into (1) their self-reported ACiSD and (2) their perceptions of teachers' ESD implementation efforts. Students' ESD perceptions were measured through descriptive statistics. Next, multilevel linear models were estimated to explore whether ESD and its components affect students' ACiSD. Our results suggest students did not distinctly perceive ESD implementation (esp. a participative approach). Holism and action-orientedness were neither perceived to be completely present nor completely missing. However, action-orientedness significantly affected students' reported ACiSD. While confirming the challenge an ESD implementation poses, our results may support efforts made. Implications for education and teacher development are discussed.

Published
2024
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19. Uniquely hamiltonian graphs for many sets of degrees

Author

Brinkmann, Gunnar and De Pauw, Matthias

Subjects
Mathematics - Combinatorics, 05C45
Abstract

We give constructive proofs for the existence of uniquely hamiltonian graphs for various sets of degrees. We give constructions for all sets with minimum 2 (a trivial case added for completeness), all sets with minimum 3 that contain an even number (for sets without an even number it is known that no uniquely hamiltonian graphs exist), and all sets with minimum 4, except {4}, {4,5}, and {4,6}. For minimum degree 3 and 4, the constructions also give 3-connected graphs. We also introduce the concept of seeds, which makes the above results possible and might be useful in the study of Sheehan's conjecture. Furthermore, we prove that 3-connected uniquely hamiltonian 4-regular graphs exist if and only if 2-connected uniquely hamiltonian 4-regular graphs exist.

Published
2023
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20. Unveiling Synergies Among University Partners in Developing a Dairy App in Uganda: An In-Depth Exploration of the Design Thinking Process from Ideation to Prototyping and Testing

Author

Alice Sheila Nanyanzi, Leo Van Audenhove, Justice Mugenyi Kintu, Mark Kaahwa, Ivo De Pauw, and Chang Zhu

Subjects
University community engagement, Rwenzori dairy app, Co-creation, Design Thinking Approach, Education, Communities. Classes. Races, HT51-1595
Abstract

A common goal drives university-community engagement: understanding local community challenges and collaboratively developing solutions. Recent studies highlight co-creation benefits, yet partner involvement is often insufficient, leading to ineffective outcomes. This research explores two key questions: (1) How can institutions engage partners to develop tools reflecting the preferences of diverse partners? (2) How do partners perceive the value of co-creating community engagement tools? This article examines a qualitative case study in which dairy farmers, university faculty, and software developers cocreated an app, utilizing the three stages of the design thinking model: ideation, prototyping, and testing. Faculty and farmers first developed app content during the ideation stage, then created and pre-tested a usable “Beta1” prototype app. The prototype was then iteratively tested in workshops with the farmers, gathering feedback on the app’s content and functionality, as well as the farmer’s perceived value of cocreating it. The final prototype, “Beta2”, reflects the dairy farmers’ preferred features. Findings also reveal five broad themes regarding co-creation: deeper connection to engagement outcomes, deeper connection to the institution, empowerment to share their knowledge, performing a service for themselves, and digital competency. The case contributes to the literature on partner engagement and co-creation in university-community engagement, demonstrating that involving diverse partners in the design thinking process results in more user-friendly tools responsive to partner needs. Future research should evaluate further use of the co-created app as a tool for knowledge-sharing and community engagement.

Published
2025
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21. Exploring the causal paths and longitudinal impact of telework on health: the TeleHealth survey–data linkage study protocol

Author

Barbara Cagnie, Bas de Geus, Robby De Pauw, Eduardo Antonio Bracho Montes de Oca, Laura Int Panis, Mathieu Verbrugghe, and Els De Waegeneer

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

Background The transition from traditional office work to telework has accelerated significantly since the late 20th century, especially in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite its widespread adoption, the long-term health impacts of telework remain unclear. This study seeks to clarify the telework–health relationship by integrating longitudinal self-reported health data with health-related administrative records.Methods and analysis An online self-reported longitudinal survey with four follow-ups of 6 months each, starting in November 2024, will be set up and linked with administrative data sources. In total, a non-probabilistic sample of 5000 non-teleworkers and teleworkers will be recruited. This survey will mainly assess the effect of teleworking on mental (eg, depression and anxiety) and physical (eg, pain) health. Administrative data (eg, healthcare consumption contacts and socioeconomic status) will be extracted from Belgian administrative data sources (Statistics Belgium and the InterMutualistic Agency) for the same period. This administrative data will be linked to the survey data using the Social Security ID. The underlying relationships between telework and health will be analysed via regression models and mediation models embedded in the natural effects framework. The analysis will aim to (1) identify the impact of telework on self-reported health and administrative data, (2) identify the moderators and mediators between the telework–health relationship, (3) understand the long-term patterns of telework and health interaction and (4) predict the health outcomes of teleworkers. To mitigate biases associated with non-probabilistic samples and attrition, standardised probability weights scoring will be derived from the data.Ethics and dissemination This study involves human participants and has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Universitair Ziekenhuis Gent (Nr°. ONZ-2023–0630). The participants will participate in the study after signing an informed consent form. The study will be disseminated in academic journals, on (social) media and on the project website.

Published
2025
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22. Design and evaluation of AE4W: An active and flexible shaft-driven shoulder exoskeleton for workers

Author

Marco Rossini, Sander De Bock, Vincent Ducastel, Gabriël Van De Velde, Kevin De Pauw, Tom Verstraten, Dirk Lefeber, Joost Geeroms, and Carlos Rodriguez-Guerrero

Subjects
active shoulder exoskeleton, occupational exoskeleton, flexible shaft-driven remote-actuation, Mechanical engineering and machinery, TJ1-1570, Electronics, TK7800-8360
Abstract

The wide adoption of occupational shoulder exoskeletons in industrial settings remains limited. Passive exoskeletons were proved effective in a limited amount of application scenarios, such as (quasi-)static overhead handling tasks. Quasi-active devices, albeit representing an improved version of their passive predecessors, do not allow full modulation of the amount of assistance delivered to the user, lacking versatility and adaptability in assisting various dynamic tasks. Active occupational shoulder exoskeletons could overcome these limitations by controlling the shape of the delivered torque profile according to the task they aim to assist. However, most existing active devices lack compactness and wearability. This prevents their implementation in working environments. In this work, we present a new active shoulder exoskeleton, named Active Exo4Work (AE4W). It features a new flexible shaft-driven remote actuation unit that allows the positioning of the motors close to the wearer’s center of mass while it maintains a kinematic structure that is compatible with the biological motion of the shoulder joint. in vitro and in vivo experiments have been conducted to investigate the performance of AE4W. Experimental results show that the exoskeleton is kinematically compatible with the user’s workspace since it does not constrain the natural range of motion of the shoulder joint. Moreover, this device can effectively provide different types of assistance while the user executes various dynamic tasks, without altering perceived comfort.

Published
2025
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23. Cool topoclimates promote cold-adapted plant diversity in temperate mountain forests

Author

Borderieux, Jeremy, De Lombaerde, Emiel, De Pauw, Karen, Sanczuk, Pieter, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Vanneste, Thomas, De Frenne, Pieter, Gégout, Jean-Claude, and Serra-Diaz, Josep

Subjects
Community ecology, forest, topoclimate, microclimate, topography, climatic refugia, diversity, understory vegetation, Archaeology, CC1-960, Science
Abstract

Climate strongly influences the composition and diversity of forest plant communities. Recent studies have highlighted the role of tree canopies in shaping understory thermal conditions at small spatial scales (i.e. microclimate), especially in lowland forests. In mountain forests, however, the influence of topography in environmental conditions (i.e., topoclimate) is ought to also influence plants’ perceived temperature. Understanding how topography and canopies interactively affect understory temperature is key to identifying stable refugia that could shelter cold-adapted forest specialist plants under climate change. Here we report on growing season understory temperatures using 48 loggers in contrasting topographic features and canopy of a mid-range mountain valley spanning from 475 m a.s.l. to 1203 m a.s.l. in the Vosges Mountains (NE France). We disentangle the relative importance and the effects of topography vs. canopy in determining local temperatures. We then evaluate how topography and canopy-induced variation in temperature drive plant community composition and richness in 306 floristic surveys across the studied mountain valley. Our results show that topography outweighed canopy cover in explaining growing season understory temperatures. Regardless of canopy, the daily mean temperature of the growing season in south-facing ridges was 1.5 °C (CI: 0.62 – 2.38°C) warmer than shaded valley bottoms, while dense canopies cooled temperatures by 0.5 °C (CI: 0.02 – 0.98 °C) compared to less dense canopies. Topoclimate explained community composition as much as elevation and was the only significant predictor of species richness. Cold topoclimates harbored 30% more species than the average species richness across our plots. This increase in species richness was explained by an increase of cold-adapted species, both forest specialist and generalist species. Our findings highlight a stronger role of topography compared to canopy cover on community composition in mountain forests via topoclimatic cooling of north-facing slopes and valley bottoms. The importance of topographic features to explain temperature cooling and diversity underpins their role as present and likely future microrefugia.

Published
2025
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24. Correction: Human-Prosthetic Interaction (HumanIT): A study protocol for a clinical trial evaluating brain neuroplasticity and functional performance after lower limb loss.

Author

Elke Lathouwers, Bruno Tassignon, Alexandre Maricot, Felipe Gomez, Fanny Delquignies, Claire Cherelle, Ahmed Radwan, Maarten Naeyaert, Hubert Raeymaekers, Peter Van Schuerbeek, Stefan Sunaert, Johan De Mey, and Kevin De Pauw

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299869.].

Published
2025
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25. Burden of disease attributable to high body mass index in Belgium: a comparative risk assessment analysis

Author

Stefanie Vandevijvere, Delphine De Smedt, Brecht Devleesschauwer, Robby De Pauw, Johan Van der Heyden, Sarah Nayani, Vanessa Gorasso, Wilma Johanna Nusselder, and Henk Hilderink

Subjects
Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Background and methods High body mass index (BMI) is a major risk factor for several non-communicable diseases. The increasing concern about the health and economic burden of BMI makes it essential for countries to track their progress on major modifiable risk exposures. The aim of the study is to estimate the burden attributable to high BMI in Belgium, in terms of years of life lost due to disability (YLD), years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLL) and disease costs, using comparative risk assessment. We followed the general framework established in the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors study. Population attributable fractions were calculated for the year 2018 for selected health outcomes using local estimates of BMI and burden of disease estimates from the Belgian Burden of Disease study.Results According to our figures, around 37 800 YLD, 56 000 YLL and €1.85 billion in healthcare costs can be attributed to a high BMI. Diabetes had the highest number of YLD attributable to high BMI followed by musculoskeletal disorders. Cardiovascular diseases accounted for the highest burden in terms of YLL attributable to high BMI, followed by diabetes and different forms of cancers (i.e., breast, colon and rectum and oesophageal cancer).Conclusion A substantial proportion of the burden of disease could be prevented when reducing BMI in Belgium. This evidence on the impact of risk factors is important for monitoring disease burdens and setting priorities for health prevention policies.

Published
2025
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26. Integrated STEM Education: The Effects of a Long-Term Intervention on Students' Cognitive Performance

Author

De Loof, Haydée, Boeve-de Pauw, Jelle, and Van Petegem, Peter

Abstract

Integrated Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (iSTEM) education is a promising approach to attracting more qualified and better motivated students to STEM fields. In this study, we respond to one of the salient challenges facing integrated STEM educational research, namely investigating its educational impact. We developed a large-scale intervention where all STEM components are integrated and examined the impact this integrated STEM curriculum has had on cognitive performances regarding physics, mathematics, technological concepts, and integrated physics and mathematics. In total, 859 grade 9 students, distributed across 39 Flemish different schools, participated in a long-term study. The results of multilevel analyses show that iSTEM education had positive effects on cognitive performance in terms of mathematics knowledge and application and technological concepts. Also, differential intervention effects were found with regard to student characteristics. Since the impact was only apparent after two years, we stress the importance of a long-term integrated STEM approach.

Published
2022

28. Trade-offs in biodiversity and ecosystem services between edges and interiors in European forests

Author

Vanneste, Thomas, Depauw, Leen, De Lombaerde, Emiel, Meeussen, Camille, Govaert, Sanne, De Pauw, Karen, Sanczuk, Pieter, Bollmann, Kurt, Brunet, Jörg, Calders, Kim, Cousins, Sara A. O., Diekmann, Martin, Gasperini, Cristina, Graae, Bente J., Hedwall, Per-Ola, Iacopetti, Giovanni, Lenoir, Jonathan, Lindmo, Sigrid, Orczewska, Anna, Ponette, Quentin, Plue, Jan, Selvi, Federico, Spicher, Fabien, Verbeeck, Hans, Zellweger, Florian, Verheyen, Kris, Vangansbeke, Pieter, and De Frenne, Pieter

Published
2024
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34. PFMG2025–integrating genomic medicine into the national healthcare system in France

Author

Abadie, Caroline, Abderrahmane, Aldja, Abdous, Ouarda, Abel, Carine, Ackermann, Oanez, Acquaviva, Cécile, Ader, Flavie, Adham, Salma, Adjaoud, Dalila, Afenjar, Alexandra, Aladjidi, Nathalie, Alary, Anne-Sophie, Albarel, Frédérique, Albert, Sabrina, Allard, Lise, Allix, Ingrid, Alunni, Violaine, Amado, Inês F., Amouroux, Cyril, André, Nicolas, Angelini, Chloé, Anheim, Mathieu, Sanfelliz, Ignacio Antolin, Aparicio, Thomas, Arfeuille, Chloé, Arlet, Jean-Benoît, Arnaud, Lionel, Arnaud, Pauline, Arnold, Guilhem, Attie-Bitach, Tania, Aubert-Mucca, Marion, Audo, Isabelle, Audrezet, Marie-Pierre, Auroux, Maxime, Auzanneau, Céline, Ayrignac, Xavier, Ba, Ibrahima, Bachelot, Anne, Bacq, Delphine, Bacrot, Séverine, Bader-Meunier, Brigitte, Baer, Sarah, Baert-Desurmont, Stéphanie, Bal-Theoleyre, Laurence, Balogoun, Ralyath, Baltzinger, Philippe, Banneau, Guillaume, Bar, Claire, Barbet, Audrey, Barcia, Giulia, Barjhoux, Laure, Barlier, Anne, Barlogis, Vincent, Barritault, Marc, Barth, Magalie, Barthod-Malat, Aurore, Baudouin-Cornu, Peggy, Baujat, Geneviève, Baurand, Amandine, Bay, Jacques-Olivier, Beau-Faller, Michèle, Beaudoin, Jean-Christophe, Bellance, Rémi, Bellanné-Chantelot, Christine, Bellera, Carine, Belot, Alexandre, Ben Abdeljelil, Raihane, Ben Sghaier, Rihab, Benadiba, Joy, Benard, Stéphanie, Beneteau, Claire, Benistan, Karelle, Benkerdou, Fouzia, Benkirane, Mehdi, Benoist, Jean-François, Benusiglio, Patrick R., Bergès, Camille, Bergougnoux, Anne, Bernadach, Maureen, Bernard, Emilien, Bernard, Valérie, Bernard, Virginie, Beroug, Dounia, Berrard, Aurélie, Bertherat, Jérôme, Berthet, Pascaline, Berthier, Clotilde, Bertholet-Thomas, Aurélia, Bertocchio, Jean-Philippe, Bertucci, François, Besse, Céline, Besse-Pinot, Elsa, Bessis, Didier, Beuvain, Pauline, Bezieau, Stéphane, Bidart, Marie, Bièche, Ivan, Biehler, Margaux, Bienvenu, Thierry, Bilan, Frédéric, Billon, Clarisse, Binquet, Christine, Bismuth, Elise, Bizaoui, Varoona, Blanc, Pierre, Blanché, Hélène, Blay, 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2025
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37. Gender differences in the use of an upper-extremity exoskeleton during physically and cognitively demanding tasks- a study protocol for a randomized experimental trial

Author

Bettina Wollesen, Julia Gräf, Lasse Hansen, Anna Gurevich, Shirley A. Elprama, Andreas Argubi-Wollesen, and Kevin De Pauw

Subjects
muscle synergies, brain–body dynamics, wearable robotic systems, functional near infrared spectroscopy, overhead work, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

BackgroundUpper limb exoskeletons are recommended to alleviate muscle fatigue, particularly in working conditions inducing musculoskeletal discomfort like overhead work. However, wearing an exoskeleton might introduce cognitive-motor interference, affecting performance. Understanding its neural impact and potential gender differences in design effects is crucial. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine exoskeleton effects addressing cross-gender comparisons, and exploring the impact on cognitive and physical workload in real-world scenarios. The research questions address the impact of exoskeleton use on muscle synergies, upper body posture, cognitive resources, comfort/discomfort, acceptance and usability.MethodsThe cross-sectional study integrates a multifactorial mixed-measure design. Participants are grouped by gender (female vs. male) and working condition (with vs. without exoskeleton). Motor performance and underlying neuronal correlates (fNIRS) will be analyzed. Based on an a priori sample size calculation, 80 participants (40 female/40 male) will be recruited. Working performance will be assessed by 1. Physical Performance Task (PILE task) and 2. Precision Task (following the Fitts paradigm), while body postures will be monitored with an Xsens motion capture system. Brain activation will be captured with an fNIRS system comprising 32 active optodes. Postural comfort/discomfort, acceptance, and usability will be reported via standardized questionnaires.DiscussionThe study will gain insights into potential gender differences in exoskeleton use and will contribute to designing and optimizing the implementation of exoskeletons by considering muscle synergies, movement variability and cognitive resource allocation. Additionally, the study also highlights user discomfort, a crucial factor that could impede widespread adoption, particularly among females, in real-world scenarios.

Published
2024
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38. Modelling Users with Item Metadata for Explainable and Interactive Recommendation

Author

De Pauw, Joey, Ruymbeek, Koen, and Goethals, Bart

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Retrieval
Abstract

Recommender systems are used in many different applications and contexts, however their main goal can always be summarised as "connecting relevant content to interested users". Personalized recommendation algorithms achieve this goal by first building a profile of the user, either implicitly or explicitly, and then matching items with this profile to find relevant content. The more interpretable the profile and this "matching function" are, the easier it is to provide users with accurate and intuitive explanations, and also to let them interact with the system. Indeed, for a user to see what the system has already learned about her interests is of key importance for her to provide feedback to the system and to guide it towards better understanding her preferences. To this end, we propose a linear collaborative filtering recommendation model that builds user profiles within the domain of item metadata, which is arguably the most interpretable domain for end users. Our method is hence inherently transparent and explainable. Moreover, since recommendations are computed as a linear function of item metadata and the interpretable user profile, our method seamlessly supports interactive recommendation. In other words, users can directly tweak the weights of the learned profile for more fine-grained browsing and discovery of content based on their current interests. We demonstrate the interactive aspect of this model in an online application for discovering cultural events in Belgium. Additionally, the performance of the model is evaluated with offline experiments, both static and with simulated feedback, and compared to several state-of-the-art and state-of-practice baselines., Comment: - Correct author affiliation - Place appendix after references - Update link to source code

Published
2022

39. SILVR: A Synthetic Immersive Large-Volume Plenoptic Dataset

Author

Courteaux, Martijn, Artois, Julie, De Pauw, Stijn, Lambert, Peter, and Van Wallendael, Glenn

Subjects
Computer Science - Graphics, I.4.0, I.3.3, I.3.7
Abstract

In six-degrees-of-freedom light-field (LF) experiences, the viewer's freedom is limited by the extent to which the plenoptic function was sampled. Existing LF datasets represent only small portions of the plenoptic function, such that they either cover a small volume, or they have limited field of view. Therefore, we propose a new LF image dataset "SILVR" that allows for six-degrees-of-freedom navigation in much larger volumes while maintaining full panoramic field of view. We rendered three different virtual scenes in various configurations, where the number of views ranges from 642 to 2226. One of these scenes (called Zen Garden) is a novel scene, and is made publicly available. We chose to position the virtual cameras closely together in large cuboid and spherical organisations ($2.2m^3$ to $48m^3$), equipped with 180{\deg} fish-eye lenses. Every view is rendered to a color image and depth map of 2048px $\times$ 2048px. Additionally, we present the software used to automate the multi-view rendering process, as well as a lens-reprojection tool that converts between images with panoramic or fish-eye projection to a standard rectilinear (i.e., perspective) projection. Finally, we demonstrate how the proposed dataset and software can be used to evaluate LF coding/rendering techniques(in this case for training NeRFs with instant-ngp). As such, we provide the first publicly-available LF dataset for large volumes of light with full panoramic field of view, Comment: In 13th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference (MMSys '22), June 14-17, 2022, Athlone, Ireland. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 6 pages

Published
2022
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40. Development of 3D-Formed Textile-Based Electrodes with Flexible Interconnect Ribbon

Author

Paula Veske-Lepp, Glenn Van Steenkiste, Svea Thienpondt, Joris Cools, Herbert De Pauw, and Frederick Bossuyt

Subjects
e-textiles, electrodes, smart textiles, conductive textiles, electronics, IoT, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract

The integration of electronics into textiles has gained considerable attention in recent years, due to the development and high demand of wearable and flexible electronics. One of the promising fields is healthcare, which often involves the utilization of textile-based electrodes. These electrodes often offer advantages such as conformability, breathability, and comfort. This article presents the development of 3D-formed textile-based electrodes together with a narrow fabric-based interconnect system. This study showcases the methods and materials for the fabrication of the textile-based electrodes and the interconnect system, including a durability assessment, by performing standardized washing (ISO 6330-2012) and user tests. The results demonstrated that the developed 3D-formed textile-based electrodes and stretchable interconnect system are durable and effective for wearable applications, maintaining performance under extensive washing.

Published
2025
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41. Variation in insect herbivory across an urbanization gradient: The role of abiotic factors and leaf secondary metabolites

Author

Moreira, Xoaquín, Van den Bossche, Astrid, Moeys, Karlien, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Thomaes, Arno, Vázquez-González, Carla, Abdala-Roberts, Luis, Brunet, Jörg, Cousins, Sara A.O., Defossez, Emmanuel, De Pauw, Karen, Diekmann, Martin, Glauser, Gaétan, Graae, Bente J., Hagenblad, Jenny, Heavyside, Paige, Hedwall, Per-Ola, Heinken, Thilo, Huang, Siyu, Lago-Núñez, Beatriz, Lenoir, Jonathan, Lindgren, Jessica, Lindmo, Sigrid, Mazalla, Leonie, Naaf, Tobias, Orczewska, Anna, Paulssen, Jolina, Plue, Jan, Rasmann, Sergio, Spicher, Fabien, Vanneste, Thomas, Verschuren, Louis, Visakorpi, Kristiina, Wulf, Monika, and De Frenne, Pieter

Published
2024
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43. Correction: Methylglyoxal, a glycolysis side-product, induces Hsp90 glycation and YAP-mediated tumor growth and metastasis

Author

Marie-Julie Nokin, Florence Durieux, Paul Peixoto, Barbara Chiavarina, Olivier Peulen, Arnaud Blomme, Andrei Turtoi, Brunella Costanza, Nicolas Smargiasso, Dominique Baiwir, Jean L Scheijen, Casper G Schalkwijk, Justine Leenders, Pascal De Tullio, Elettra Bianchi, Marc Thiry, Koji Uchida, David A Spiegel, James R Cochrane, Craig A Hutton, Edwin De Pauw, Philippe Delvenne, Dominique Belpomme, Vincent Castronovo, and Akeila Bellahcène

Subjects
Medicine, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Published
2024
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44. Evaluating the real-world usability of BCI control systems with augmented reality: a user study protocol

Author

Arnau Dillen, Mohsen Omidi, María Alejandra Díaz, Fakhreddine Ghaffari, Bart Roelands, Bram Vanderborght, Olivier Romain, and Kevin De Pauw

Subjects
brain-computer interface, eye tracking, augmented reality, robot control, user evaluation, user experience, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) enable users to control devices through their brain activity. Motor imagery (MI), the neural activity resulting from an individual imagining performing a movement, is a common control paradigm. This study introduces a user-centric evaluation protocol for assessing the performance and user experience of an MI-based BCI control system utilizing augmented reality. Augmented reality is employed to enhance user interaction by displaying environment-aware actions, and guiding users on the necessary imagined movements for specific device commands. One of the major gaps in existing research is the lack of comprehensive evaluation methodologies, particularly in real-world conditions. To address this gap, our protocol combines quantitative and qualitative assessments across three phases. In the initial phase, the BCI prototype's technical robustness is validated. Subsequently, the second phase involves a performance assessment of the control system. The third phase introduces a comparative analysis between the prototype and an alternative approach, incorporating detailed user experience evaluations through questionnaires and comparisons with non-BCI control methods. Participants engage in various tasks, such as object sorting, picking and placing, and playing a board game using the BCI control system. The evaluation procedure is designed for versatility, intending applicability beyond the specific use case presented. Its adaptability enables easy customization to meet the specific user requirements of the investigated BCI control application. This user-centric evaluation protocol offers a comprehensive framework for iterative improvements to the BCI prototype, ensuring technical validation, performance assessment, and user experience evaluation in a systematic and user-focused manner.

Published
2024
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45. A representation formula for members of SBV dual

Author

Bouafia, Philippe and De Pauw, Thierry

Subjects
Mathematics - Classical Analysis and ODEs, 46E30
Abstract

We give an integral representation formula for members of the dual of $SBV(\mathbb{R}^n)$ in terms of functions that are defined on $\hat{\mathbb{R}}^n$, an appropriate fiber space that we introduce, consisting of pairs $(x,[E]_x)$ where $[E]_x$ is an approximate germ of an $(n-1)$-rectifiable set $E$ at $x$., Comment: 7 pages

Published
2021
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46. Unraveling the spectrum of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors in the lung: A comprehensive case series highlighting endobronchial, pleural, and lung parenchymal tumorsCentral MessagePerspective

Author

Manon Vounckx, MD, Yanina J.L. Jansen, PhD, MD, Sharareh Fadaei, MD, Caroline Geers, MD, Vincent De Pauw, MD, and Dirk Smets, MD

Subjects
inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, ETV6-NTRK3 gene rearrangement, peribronchial relapse, pleural inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701, Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract

Objectives: Diverse cases of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) in the lung (pleural, endobronchial, and parenchymal) are presented while discussing the (preoperative) diagnostic challenges and treatment modalities. Other objectives include emphasizing the significance of gene rearrangements and highlighting the multidisciplinary approach in addressing IMTs. Methods: Four cases of IMT in the lung are presented, including a young adolescent girl with an ETV6-neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase 3 (NTRK3) gene rearrangement, a 5-year-old boy with challenging preoperative diagnosis, and 2 middle-aged women with respectively pleural and endobronchial tumors with one peribronchial relapse. Results: The cases demonstrate the diverse clinical presentations and diagnostic complexities associated with IMT in the lung. Surgical resection remains the primary treatment modality, with complete resection leading to a cure in most patients. Unfortunately, aggressive relapse can occur, as in our last case of an endobronchial tumor. Frozen section may confirm the presence of malignant cells perioperatively and impact further treatment. The presence of gene rearrangements, such as ETV6-NTRK3, suggests potential therapeutic implications. Conclusions: Early detection and complete surgical removal of IMT are crucial for effective treatment. Identifying gene rearrangements such as ETV6-NTRK3 holds promise for targeted therapies. Diagnostic challenges, including the controversy of biopsies and preoperative evaluations, underscore the importance of a multidisciplinary approach. Anatomopathological recognition of IMT stays demanding. Close surveillance is necessary due to potential relapse, whereas frozen section perioperatively can help further treatment. This case series emphasizes the diagnostic challenges and therapeutic considerations for IMT in the lung.

Published
2024
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47. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with obesity and prevalent heart failure: a prespecified analysis of the SELECT trial

Author

Abe, Mitsunori, Abhaichand, Rajpal K, Abhayaratna, Walter P, Abhyankar, Atul, Abidin, Imran B Zainal, Abou Assi, Hiba, Accini Mendoza, Jose L, Adas, Mine, Agaiby, John M, Agarwal, Devendra K, Agha, Maher, Ahmed, Azazuddin, Ahtiainen, Petteri, Aigner, Elmar, Ajay, Naik, Ali, Norsiah, Al-Karadsheh, Amer, Allison, Roy, Allison, Dale C, Alpenidze, Diana, Altuntas, Yuksel, Al-Zoebi, Ayham, Ambuj, Roy, Amerena, John, Anderson, Robert J, Ando, Toshiaki, Andrews, Robert, Antonova, Elizaveta, Appel, Karl-Friedrich, Arantes, Flávia B, Araz, Mustafa, Arbel, Yaron, Arenas León, José L, Argyrakopoulou, Georgia, Ariani, Mehrdad, Arias Mendoza, Maria A, Arif, Ahmed A, Arneja, Jaspal, Aroda, Vanita R, Aronne, Louis J, Arstall, Margaret, Asamoah, Njaimeh, Asanin, Milika, Audish, Hanid, Avram, Rodica, Badat, Aysha, Badiu, Corin V, Bakdash, Wa'el, Bakiner, Okan S, Bandezi, Vuyokazi N, Bang, Liew H, Bansal, Sandeep, Baranyai, Marietta, Barbarash, Olga, Barber, Mark, Barnum, Otis, Barone Rochette, Gilles, Bashkin, Amir, Baum, Seth, Bays, Harold E, Bazzoni Ruiz, Alberto E, Beckowski, Maciej, Beerachee, Yaswin, Bellary, Srikanth, Belousova, Lidia, Berk, Martin, Bernstein, Marc, Berra, Cesare, Beshay, Isaac, Bhagwat, Ajit, Bhan, Arti, Biggs, William C, Billings, Liana, Bitar, Fahed, Block, Bradley, Bo, Simona, Bogdanski, Pawel, Bolshakova, Olga O, Boshchenko, Alla A, Bosworth, Hayden, Botero Lopez, Rodrigo, Bôttcher, Morten, Bourgeois, Ronald, Brautigam, Donald, Breton, Cristian F, Broadley, Andrew, Brockmyre, Andrew P, Brodie, Steven K, Bucci, Marco, Budincevic, Hrvoje, Budoff, Matthew J, Buffman, Barry, Buljubasic, Nediljka, Buranapin, Supawan, Burgess, Lesley, Burguera, Bartolomé, Buriakovska, Olena, Buscemi, Silvio, Busch, Robert, Buse, John B, Buynak, Robert, Byrne, Maria, Caceaune, Elena, Cadena Bonfanti, Alberto J, Calinescu, Cornell V, Call, Robert S, Canecki Varzic, Silvija, Cannon, Kevin, Capehorn, Matt, Cariou, Bertrand, Carr, Jeffrey, Carrillo-Jimenez, Rodolfo, Casas, Marcelo, Castro, Almudena, Celik, Ahmet, Cercato, Cintia, Cermak, Ondrej, Cha, James Y, Chacon, Carolina, Chaicha-Brom, Tira, Chandra, Sandeep, Chettibi, Mohamed, Chevts, Julia, Christopher, Johann, Chrustowski, Witold, Cif, Adriana, Clark, Rebecca, Clark, Wayne, Clifford, Piers, Coetzee, Kathleen, Cogni, Giulia, Colao, Anna Maria, Colquhoun, David M, Concha, Mauricio, Condit, Jonathan, Constance, Christian, Constantin, Ciprian, Constantinescu, Silviana, Corbett, Clive, Cornett, George M, Correia, Marcelo, Cortinovis, Fiorenzo, Cosma, Dana, Creely, Steven, Cross, David, Curtis, Brian, Czochra, Wojciech, Daboul, Nizar Y, Dagdelen, Selcuk, D'agostino, Ronald, Dang, Cuong, Datta, Sudip, Davuluri, Ashwini K, Dawood, Saleem Y, De Jong, Douwe M, De La Cuesta, Carmen, De Los Rios Ibarra, Manuel O, De Pablo, Carmen, De Pauw, Michel, Dela Llana, Alexander, Delibasic, Maja, Delic-Brkljacic, Diana, Demicheli, Thibaud, Denger, Ralf J, Desai, Devang, Desai, Piyush, Desouza, Cyrus V, Dicker, Dror, Djenic, Nemanja, Dobson, Simon, Doi, Masayuki, Doran, Jesse A, Dorman, Reinhart, Dotta, Francesco, Dukes, Carl E, Duronto, Ernesto, Durst, Ronen, Dvoryashina, Irina V, Ebrahim, Iftikhar O, Eggebrecht, Holger, Egstrup, Kenneth, Ekinci, Elif I, Eliasson, Björn, Eliasson, Ken, Enache, Georgiana, Enculescu, Dan, English, Patrick, Ermakova, Polina, Ershova, Olga, Ezaki, Hirotaka, Ezhov, Marat, Farias, Eduardo, Farias, Javier M, Farsky, Pedro S, Ferreira, Daniel, Filteau, Pierre, Finneran, Matthew P, Folkens, Eric M, Fonseca, Alberto G, Fonseca, Luisa, Fordan, Steven, Fourie, Nyda, França, Sara, Franco, Denise R, Franek, Edward, Friedman, Keith, Frittitta, Lucia, Froer, Michael, Fuckar, Krunoslav, Fujii, Kenshi, Fujita, Ryoko, Fukushima, Yasushi, Fulat, Mohamed, Fulwani, Mahesh, Gajos, Grzegorz, Galyavich, Albert, Gambill, Michael L, Gandotra, Dheeraj, Winston, Gandy, Jr., Garcia Hernandez, Pedro A, García Reza, Raymundo, Garg, Naveen, Garg, Sandeep, Garvey, William T, Garza, Juan C, Gatta-Cherifi, Blandine, Gelev, Valeri, Geller, Steven A, Geohas, Jeffrey G, Georgiev, Borislav, Ghazi, Adline, Gilbert, Matthew P, Gilinskaya, Olga, Gislason, Gunnar, Gogas Yavuz, Dilek, González Albarrán, Olga, Gordeev, Ivan G, Gorton, Sidney C, Goudev, Assen, Gretland Valderhaug, Tone, Groenemeijer, Bjorn, Gul, Ibrahim, Gullestad, Lars, Gurieva, Irina, Guseva, Galina N, Hagenow, Andreas, Haluzik, Martin, Halvorsen, Sigrun, Hammoudi, Naima, Hanaoka, Keiichi, Hancu, Nicolae, Hanusch, Ursula, Harris, Kathleen, Harris, Barry, Hartleib, Michael, Hartman, Aaron N, Hata, Yoshiki, Heimer, Brian, Herman, Lee, Herzog, William, Hewitt, Eric, Heymer, Peter, Hiremath, Shirish, Hjelmesaeth, Joeran, Høgalmen, Rasmus Geir, Høivik, Hans Olav, Holmer, Helene, Horoshko, Olha, Houser, Patricia M, Hove, Jens D, Hsieh, I-Chang, Hulot, Jean-Sébastien, Hussein, Zanariah, Ilashchuk, Tetiana, Ilveskoski, Erkki, Ipatko, Irina, Iranmanesh, Ali, Isawa, Tsuyoshi, Issa, Moises, Iteld, Bruce, Iwasawa, Takamasa, Jabbar, Danish, Jackson, Richard A, Jackson-Voyzey, Ewart, Jacob, Stephan, Jaffrani, Naseem A, Jardula, Michael F, Jastreboff, Ania, Jensen, Svend E, Jerkins, Terri, Jimenez-Ramos, Silvia A, Jitendra Pal Singh, Sawhney, Johnson, Wallace, Joyce, John M, Jozefowska, Malgorzata, Jugnundan, Prakash, Jungmair, Wolfgang, Jurowiecki, Jaroslaw, Kadokami, Toshiaki, Kahali, Dhiman, Kahrmann, Gerd, Kaiser, Sergio E, Kalmucki, Piotr, Kanadasi, Mehmet, Kandath, David, Kania, Grzegorz, Kannan, J, Kapp, Cornelia, Karczmarczyk, Agnieszka, Kartalis, Athanasios, Kaser, Susanne, Kasim, Sazzli Shahlan, Kastelic, Richard, Kato, Toshiaki, Katova, Tzvetana, Kaul, Upendra, Kautzky-Willer, Alexandra, Kawanishi, Masahiro, Kayikcioglu, Meral, Kazakova, Elena E, Keeling, Philip, Kempe, Hans-Peter, Kereiakes, Dean J, Kerneis, Mathieu, Keski-Opas, Tiina, Khadra, Suhail, Khaisheva, Larisa, Kharakhulakh, Marina, Khlevchuk, Tatiana, Khoo, Jeffrey, Kiatchoosakun, Songsak, Kinoshita, Noriyuki, Kinoshita, Masaharu, Kitamura, Ryoji, Kiyosue, Arihiro, Klavina, Irina, Klein, Eric J, Klimsa, Zdenek, Klonoff, David, Klug, Eric, Kobalava, Zhanna, Kodera, Satoshi, Koga, Tokushi, Kokkinos, Alexander, Koleckar, Pavel, Könyves, László, Koren, Michael J, Kormann, Adrian P, Kostner, Karam, Kreutzmann, Kristin, Krishinan, Saravanan, Krishnasamy, Sathya S, Krivosheeva, Inga, Kruljac, Ivan, Kubicki, Ted, Kuchar, Ladislav, Kujawiak, Monika, Kunishige, Hideyuki, Kurtinecz, Melinda, Kurtz Lisboa, Hugo R, Kushnir, Mykola, Kyyak, Yulian, Lace, Arija, Lakka, Timo, Lalic, Nebojsa, Lalic, Katarina, Lambadiari, Vaia, Lanaras, Leonidas, Lang, Chim, Langlois, Marie-France, Lash, Joseph, Latkovskis, Gustavs, Lau, David, Lazcano Soto, José Roberto, Le Roux, Carel, Ledesma, Gilbert N, Lee, Li Yuan, Lee, Thung-Lip, Lee, Kelvin, Lehrke, Michael, Leite, Silmara O, Leksycka, Agata, Lenzmeier, Thomas, Leonetti, Frida, Leonidova, Viktoriia, Lepor, Norman, Leung, Melissa, Levchenko, Olena, Levins, Peter, Levy, Louis J, Lewis, Matthew, Liberopoulos, Evangelos, Liberty, Idit, Lindholm, Carl-Johan, Lingvay, Ildiko, Linhart, Ales, Liu, Ming-En, Liu, Jenny, Lofton, Holly, Logemann, Timothy, Lombaard, Johannes J, Lombard, Landman, Lorraine, Richard, Lovell, Charles F, Ludvik, Bernhard, Lukaszewicz, Monika, Lupkovics, Géza, Lupovitch, Steven, Lupu, Sirona, Lynch, Mary, Lysak, Zoreslava, Lysenko, Tatyana A, Maeda, Hajime, Maeda, Itaru, Mæng, Michael, Mahajan, Ajay U, Maher, Vincent, Maia, Lilia N, Makotoko, Ellen M, Malavazos, Alexis, Malecha, Jan, Malicherova, Emilia, Manita, Mamoru, Mannucci, Edoardo, Mareev, Viacheslav, Marin, Liliana, Markova, Tatiana, Marso, Steven P, Martens, F.M.A.C., Martinez, Cuper, Martinez Cano, Carlos A, Martins, Cristina, Masmiquel Comas, Luis, Matsumoto, Takashi, Mcdonald, Kenneth, Mcgowan, Barbara, Mcgrew, Frank, Mclean, Barry K, Mcpherson, David D, Merino Torres, Juan Francisco, Meyers, Peter, Meyhöfer, Sebastian, Mezquita Raya, Pedro, Milanova, Maria, Milicic, Davor, Miller, Gary, Mills, Richard E, Mîndrescu, Nicoleta M, Mingrone, Geltrude, Minkova, Dotska A, Mirani, Marco, Miras, Alexander, Mistodie, Cristina V, Mitomo, Satoru, Mittal, Sanjay, Miyake, Taiji, Miyamoto, Naomasa, Molony, David, Monteiro, Pedro, Mooe, Thomas, Moosa, Naeem, Morales Portillo, Cristobal, Morales Villegas, Enrique C, Morawski, Emily J, Morbey, Claire, Morin, Robert P, Morisaki, Kuniaki, Morosanu, Magdalena, Mosenzon, Ofri, Mostovoy, Yuriy, Munir, Iqbal, Muratori, Fabrizio, Murray, Ryan, Murthy, Avinash, Myint, Min, Myshanych, Galyna, Nafornita, Valerica, Nagano, Takuya, Nair, Sunil, Nakhle, Samer N, Natsuaki, Masahiro, Nayak, Bindu M, Nibouche, Djamel Eddine, Nicholls, Stephen, Nicolau, José C, Nicolescu, Georgiana, Nierop, Peter, Niskanen, Leo, Ntaios, George, Nygård, Ottar Kjell, Oaks, Joshua B, Obrezan, Andrey, O'donnell, Philip, Oguri, Mitsutoshi, Oguzhan, Abdurrahman, Oh, Fumiki, Ohsugi, Mitsuru, Okada, Yoshio, Okayama, Hideki, Onaca, Adriana, Onaka, Haruhiko, Oneil, Patrick, Ong, Tiong Kiam, Ong, Stephen, Ono, Yasuhiro, Opsahl, Paul J, Ostrowska, Lucyna, Oviedo, Alejandra, Ozdogan, Oner, Ozpelit, Ebru, Pagkalos, Emmanouil, Pagotto, Uberto, Páll, Dénes, Pandey, Amritanshu- Shekhar, Parkhomenko, Oleksandr, Parvathareddy, Krishna Malakondareddy, Patel, Minesh B, Patsilinakos, Sotirios, Paul, Neil, Pedersen, Sue, Pereira, Isabel, Pereira, Edward Scott, Perez Terns, Paula, Perez-Vargas, Elba A, Pergaeva, Yulia, Perkelvald, Alexander, Peskov, Andrey B, Peter, Jonathan, Peters, Karina, Petit, Catherine, Petrov, Ivo, Philis-Tsimikas, Athena, Pietilä, Mikko, Pinto, Fausto, Piros, Annamária, Piyayotai, Dilok, Platonov, Dmitriy, Poirier, Paul, Pop, Lavinia, Popa, Bogdan, Pop-Busui, Rodica, Poremba, John, Porto, Alejandro, Postadzhiyan, Arman, Pothineni, Ramesh B, Potu, Ranganatha P, Powell, Talessa, Prafulla, Kerkar G, Prager, Rudolf, Prakova-Teneva, Zhulieta R, Pratley, Richard E, Price, Hermione, Pulka, Grazyna, Pullman, John, Punt, Zelda E, Purighalla, Raman S, Purnell, Peter, Qureshi, Mansoor, Rabasa-Lhoret, Remi, Raikhel, Marina A, Rancane, Gita, Randeva, Harpal, Rasouli, Neda, Reurean Pintilei, Delia V, Reyes, Ciro R, Rezgale, Inga, Rice, Eva, Riley, Thaddeus H, Risser, Joseph A, Ristic, Arsen, Rivas Fernández, Margarita, Robbins, David, Robitaille, Yves, Rodbard, Helena W, Rodriguez Plazas, Jaime A, Römer, T.J., Rosen, Glenn, Rosman, Dr Azhari, Rossi, Paulo, Rudenko, Leonid, Ruffin, Omari, Ruhani, Anwar Irawan, Runev, Nikolay, Ruyatkin, Dmitriy, Ruzic, Alen, Ryabov, Vyacheslav V, Rydén, Lars, Saggar, Suraj, Sakamoto, Tomohiro, Salter, Tim, Samal, Aditya K, Samoilova, Yulia, Sanabria, Hugo D, Sancak, Seda, Sangrigoli, Renee, Sansanayudh, Nakarin, Santini, Ferruccio, Saraiva, José F, Sardinov, Ruslan, Sargeant, William, Sari, Ramazan, Sathananthan, Airani, Sathyapalan, Thozhukat, Sato, Atsushi, Sauter, Joachim, Sbraccia, Paolo, Schaap, J., Schaum, Thomas, Schiele, François, Scott, John, Segal Lieberman, Gabriella, Segner, Alexander, Senior, Roxy, Sergeeva-Kondrachenko, Marina Y, Serota, Harvey, Serusclat, Pierre, Sethi, Rishi, Shah, Manoj K, Shah, Neerav, Shalaev, Sergey, Sharma, Raj, Sharma, Sumeet, Shaydyuk, Oksana, Shea, Heidi C, Shechter, Michael, Shehadeh, Naim, Shirazi, Mitra, Shlesinger, Yshay, Shneker, Ayham, Shutemova, Elena, Siasos, Gerasimos, Siddiqui, Imran A, Sidey, Jennifer, Sigal, Felix, Sime, Iveta, Singh, Narendra, Siraj, Elias, Sivalingam, Kanagaratnam, Skoczylas, Grzegorz, Smith, Stephen K, Smolenskaya, Olga, Snyder, Brian, Sofer, Yael, Sofley, C.W., Solano, Royce, Sonmez, Yusuf A, Sorokin, Maxim, Soto González, Alfonso, Sotolongo, Carlos, Soufer, Joseph, Soyluk Selcukbiricik, Ozlem, Spaic, Tamara, Spriggs, Douglas, Sreenan, Seamus, Stahl, Hans-Detlev, Stamatelopoulos, Kimon, Stanislavchuk, Mykola, Stankovic, Goran, Stasek, Josef, Steg, Gabriel, Steindorf, Joerg, Stephan, Dominique, Stewart, John, Still, Christopher, St-Maurice, Francois, Stogowska-Nikiciuk, Barbara, Stoker, Jeff, Stokic, Edita, Strzelecka, 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2024
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