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Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of methanolic stem fraction of Tinospora cordifolia against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by in vitro and in silico approaches. Methods: In agar disc diffusion method, the inhibitory zone produced by various concentrations of the fraction showed a dose-dependent inhibition pattern. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were calculated by broth dilution method. The total DNA present in the fraction treated bacterial cultures was estimated and compared with control DNA. The two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures of the gas chromatography– mass spectrometry (GC–MS) identified compounds were generated using ChemSketch tool. The docking studies were performed for analyzing the receptor and ligand interactions. Results: The higher zone revealed the maximum inhibition of the growth of bacteria that were ranged from 2 mm to 6 mm for E. coli and 1.5 mm to 6.3±0.29 mm for S. aureus. MIC values showed that 30 μg/ml of the fraction was found as the effective dose. The DNA content isolated from the treated culture of both the strains was comparatively lesser than that of the untreated control culture. The GC–MS data analysis depicted the presence 15 major components in the fraction and the sharp peaks were obtained at time intervals 17.50, 20.27, 30.06, etc. Conclusion: Thus, methanolic stem fraction of T. cordifolia possesses promising therapeutic activity against the urinary tract infection pathogens such as E. coli and S. aureus and a further exploration in the isolation and characterization such as plant-derived phytoconstituents would open up new ventures in the field of antibacterial drug discovery.

The polyherbal formulation was prepared using leaves, flowers, fruits of these specific plants Ficus religiosa, Allium sativum, Senna auriculata, Andrographis paniculata, Momordica charantia, Eugenia jambolana (FASAME). The hydroalcoholic extracts of the FASAME and its phytochemical constituents was determined. For toxicity study, the zebra fishes are used as the experimental models and were exposed to different concentration of FASAME formulation (100 μg, 70 μg, 50 μg, 10 μg, and 5 μg). Then its viability and its lethal effect was calculated. Finally the antidiabetic activity of FASAME was determined by β - galactosidase assay.The phytochemical constituents like flavonoids, steroids, terpenoid, saponins, resins, carbohydrates, proteins and essential oil was present in the hydroalcoholic extract of FASAME polyherbal formulation .The effect of FASAME formulation on Zebra fish larvae has a substantial increase in the percentage of viability at their lower concentration. The FASAME formulation exhibited selective anti-diabetic activity. These results showed that the FASAME formulation has anti-diabetic activity and can be used for the treatment of diabetics.The phytochemical analysis of FASAME drug has a mixture of phytochemical compounds and their IC50 value was found to be 74.39 μg/ml. The toxicity analysis on Zebra fish larvae also showed higher viability at their lower concentration and proved to be a powerful antidiabetic drug for diabetics.

Colour is considered as a foremost parameter for physical appearance and personal identification. The distinct coloration of skin, hair and eyes of humas are categorized based on the natural pigment melanin which is the final product of melanogenesis. Melanin establishes a primary protection to the skin by inducing photo protection. But the rapid mechanism of absorbing free radicals from the cytoplasm is defensive against UV light, thereby its enormous production and accretion leads to perturbing skin ailments. During the process of melanogenesis the core enzyme tyrosinase is employed and moderated by a main transcription factor called microphthalmia associated transcription factor (MITF), which is enhanced by both tyrosinase-related 1 and 2 proteins (TRP-1 /TRP-2). Amending this physiological process is considered to be the foremost mechanism in improving skin fairness. Conversely, there are numerous cosmetics commercially available to depigment skin colour, the alarm of adverse effects and reoccurrence of hyperpigmentation prevails as a hitch. Synthetic skin products cause remedy with adverse effects and hence there is a high demand for novel skin colouring agent. This work lays a pedal stone in promoting the appliance of a naturally derived protein subtilisin secluded from soil isolates of Bacillus sp. in cosmetic industry as skin whitening aspect. The extraction of subtilisin was detected by biochemical and HPLC assays coordinated with anti-melanogenesis activity by in vitro studies. Further, synchronization of molecular docking studies hoisted the protein as an effective ligand targeting TRP1 and TRP2 with energy minimization of -675569 KJ/Mol and -36957KJ/Mol.

Depression is a mental illness and is considered to be a global threat. It is designated as burden of disease. There is therefore an intense need to improve the therapeutic response of antidepressants. India beholds a wide fraction (Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus) as a vital source of non-hallucinogenic indole compounds. The amino acids L-tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) are precursors of serotonin. 5-HTP is a potential antidepressant that can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) at a high rate and is converted into serotonin more efficiently. Drug delivery across this blockade remains a challenge due to the stimulation of efflux pump receptors called permeability glycoprotein (P-gp). This work reports a comparative phytochemical assay and profiling of non-hallucinogenic tryptophan metabolites using HPLC from two organic extracts of edible mushrooms. The efficacy of the eluted compounds was authenticated as P-gp inhibitors with in vitro and in silico studies. The following four derivatives were obtained from the methanol and ethanol extracts of the mushrooms: 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan (5HTR), 5-hydroxy tryptamine (5-HT), L-tryptophan (L-Trp), and tryptamine (TA). In vitro and molecular docking studies targeting P-gp (minimum energy: −64.38 and −83.93 kcal/mol, respectively) substantiated the ability of mushroom-derived metabolites to facilitate drug delivery in the brain. This study verified that mushrooms con¬taining non-hallucinogenic metabolites can act as psychoactive nutraceuticals that are significant for enhancing mental health. The high therapeutic efficacy, these mushrooms can serve as ideal neurological drug leads to fortify treatment for mental illness.

Back ground: Arthrospira platensis encompasses vital nutrients and is commercialized globally. It comprises of imperative resource that has the potential to combat neurological deformities caused due to stress and anxiety. Objective: This work evaluates the neuroprotective effect of spirulina cultivated on nitrogen enriched medium and compares it with the commercial samples. Materials and Methods: The study is authenticated with an antioxidant assay and the vital compounds are relatively profiled by GC-MS study. Furthermore, a molecular docking analysis is implemented to investigate the therapeutic potentials of the phytocompounds against Monoamine Oxidase –A and establish them as inhibitors. The ethanolic extract of spirullina as are fed on depressed mice models to assay its neuroprotective effect and rehabilitation of brain cells by a histopathological study. Results: The antioxidant content of the augmented sample was consistent on par with the commercial sample. The in silico assay was performed with 10 extricated compounds of both the samples where, Butanoic acid, 3-hydroxy- furnished a minimum binding affinity energy value of -56.24 kcal/mol and dodecanamide was efficient to bind with the active site of the amino acid residue TYR 69 with a minimum energy of -87.8 kcal/mol. The histopathological examination upholds the refurbished parameter of vital phytocompounds with placid cellular edema and perivascular infiltration. Conclusion: There is a wide range of need to develop research against stress and anxiety and the study fortifies the restorative efficacy of the phytocompounds as a neuroprotective drug.

Silver Nanoparticles were synthesized by Esche- richia coli using Silver nitrate in the growth me-dium and characterized in X-Ray Diffraction, UV-Vis Spectrophotometer and Scanning Electron Microscope. They exhibited antimicrobial activity against human pathogens except Escherichia Coli. Nanoparticles were impregnated in yarn and ana-lyzed for their inhibition in the broth culture. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentratio was calculated for the human pathogens in Microtitre plate. The toxicity assessment of the nanoparticles in the embry-onic Zebrafish showed many organogensis deformi-ties like cardiac malformations, eye and head edema, tail and trunk flexure were observed in the organ system of the developing embryos for 1 to 5 day post fertilization in different concentrations of Ag Nanoparticles. The Organogenesis disruptive effects were found in 14 - 20 ng/ml of silver nanoparticles but the inhibition was found in 4-10ng/ml for the pathogens in vitro and 10ng/ml in embryos. Nevertheless, in Cardiac assay, the Heart Beat rates were calculated as 42 - 45 for 15 Sec in the concentrations ranging from 10 - 20 ng/ml of Silver nanoparticles. The blood flows, rhythmicity, contractility of heart beat rates were observed normal. The Mean value of blood Cell counting did not showed any notable effects in the Nanoparticle treated Zebrafish embryos and control. The LC50 value for the Biosynthesized nanoparticle was at 22 ng/ml in all the developmental stages of the em-bryos. Our results shows silver nanoparticles dis-rupts the normal organogenesis during development and further detailed studies are needed to prove silver nanopartcles are an antimicrobial agent for use in humans.