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Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a flavor enhancer and food additive with a unique umami taste. Due to its widespread use in humans, this study focused on the cytotoxicity, anti-diabetic effect, and interaction with protein digestion by performing a standardized static in vitro digestion model and lipid digestion by estimating free fatty acids released from 0.5 g of olive oil during intestinal lipolysis. The study showed that monosodium glutamate has an apparent cytotoxic effect on the Caco-2 cell line in a dose-dependent manner. MSG glutamate also showed low inhibitory activity on alpha-glucosidase enzyme even at high concentrations (16.3 % at 1800 ppm). By performing simulated in vitro digestion to study the interaction between MSG and protein digestion, followed by MTT study, total protein determination, and pH drop method, all results concluded that MSG affected proteolysis. Finally, the impact of MSG on lipolysis was studied through a free fatty acid release test. The results of the study demonstrated that MSG harmed fat digestibility in a concentration-dependent manner. As a result, it is essential to conduct further studies, especially in vivo studies, to determine the potential negative effects of MSG on human health.

There are a numerous count of food additives consumed by human every day, in this research paper we focused on XRD and FTIR physical characterization of ascorbic acid and mono sodium glutamate as two of the most common used food additives, The structural analysis of ascorbic acid reveals that it has a monoclinic crystal structure with particle size in the nanoscale (41.496 ± 12.96 nm). While the structural analysis for monosodium glutamate reveals that it has a polycrystalline nature with particle size in the Nano scale (40.13 ± 12.6 nm).

Wounds can be a result of surgery, an accident, or other factors. There is still a challenge to find effective topical wound-healing agents. This study aims to investigate the wound-healing activity of chemical and green synthesized chitosan nanoparticles (Ch-NPs) using Lawsonia inermis leaves extract. The nanoparticles were morphologically and chemically characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Forty-five adult female albino rats were randomly divided into three groups. The cutaneous surgical wounds were topically treated with 0.9% normal saline (control group), green Ch-NPs (second group), and chemical Ch-NPs gels (third group), respectively. The clinical picture of wounds and histopathological changes were assessed on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 21st days post-treatment. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed great crystallinity and purity of nanoparticles. The studied nanoparticles increased the wound contraction percent (WC%), reduced healing time and wound surface area (WSA), and these results were backed up by histological findings that indicated improved epithelialization, dermal differentiation, collagen deposition, and angiogenesis in treated rats compared with control rats (p < 0.05). We concluded that the wound-healing effects of the studied nanoparticles are encouraging, and further studies for complete assessment are still needed.

Wound healing is one of the utmost medical issues in human and veterinary medicine, which explains the urgent need for developing new agents that possess wound healing activities. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of green and chemical zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) for wound healing. ZnO-NPs (green using Lawsonia inermis leaf extract and chemical) were synthesized and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The gels containing the nanomaterials were prepared and inspected. Forty-five albino rats were divided into three groups, the control group was treated with normal saline 0.9%, and the other two groups were treated with gels containing green or chemical ZnO-NPs, respectively. On the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 21st days post-treatment (PT), the wounds were clinicopathologically examined. Both nanomaterials have good crystallinity and high purity, but green ZnO-NPs have a longer nanowire length and diameter than chemical ZnO-NPs. The formed gels were highly viscous with a pH of 6.5 to 7. The treated groups with ZnO-NP gels showed clinical improvement, as decreased wound surface area (WSA) percent (WSA%), increased wound contraction percent (WC%), and reduced healing time (p

Silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) are one of the most well-studied inorganic nanoparticles for many applications. They offer the advantages of tunable size, biocompatibility, porous structure, and larger surface area. Thus, in this study, a high yield of SiO2 NPs was produced via the chemical treatment of rice husk ash by the sol–gel method. Characteristics of the prepared SiO2 NPs were validated using different characterization techniques. Accordingly, the phase, chemical composition, morphological, and spectroscopic properties of the prepared sample were studied. The average particle size of the SiO2 NPs was found to be approximately 60–80 nm and the surface area was 78.52 m²/g. The prepared SiO2 NPs were examined as photocatalysts for the degradation of methyl orange (MO) dye under UV irradiation. It was found that the intensity of the characteristic absorption band of MO decreased gradually with exposure time increasing, which means the successful photodegradation of MO by SiO2 NPs. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of obtained SiO2 NPs was investigated by counting the coliform bacteria in the surface water using the most probable number (MPN) index method. The results revealed that the MPN of coliform bacteria untreated and treated by SiO2 NPs was estimated to be 170 CFU/100 mL and 10 CFU/100 mL, respectively, resulting in bacterial growth inhibition of 94.12%.

Oxygen radio-frequency (RF) plasma technique is one of the most novel directions used to improve the physical and chemical properties of graphene oxide (GO). Herein, plasma treatment is used to enhance the chemical functionalization and reduced levels of the GO material for electronic and solar cell applications. GO films were chemically synthesized with high quality and uniformity. Then, they exposed to surface modification using RF oxygen plasma at a processing power of 100 W at different processing times. The microstructure and surface chemistry of the GO films were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, the effect of oxygen plasma on the thermal stability, surface roughness, contact angle, work of adhesion, wettability, spreading coefficient, and electrical properties have been studied. The results revealed a decrease in the amount of oxygen-containing groups (such as epoxides, carbonyls, and carboxyl groups) from 48.8% in pristine GO to 36.15% after 5 min of oxygen plasma treatment. Besides, the carbonyls groups (C = O) disappeared while new chemical bonds were created compared to the pristine GO film such as hybridized carbon atoms (SP3) and carboxyl's (O–C = O). Accordingly, the electrical conductivity increases from 0.11 S/m of pristine GO to an optimum value of 0.46 S/m after 5 min of plasma treatment, as a result of the incorporation of high amount of carboxyl, hydroxyl and carbonyl groups. The current results indicate that the properties of GO can be tuned by varying the degree of oxidation, which may pave the way for new developments in GO-based applications.

In this study, a novel sonochemically synthetic process of superparamagnetic and monodisperse magnetite nanoparticles from the Egyptian hematite ore has been done. Then the synthesized magnetite nanoparticles were subjected to surface modification through coating by polyethylene glycol to obtain stabilized and biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles (PEG-MN). The synthesized PEG-MN nanoparticles were characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XRF), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), adsorption of nitrogen (BET method), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the synthesized PEG-MN nanoparticles have an average crystalline size of 12 nm and 69.6% of iron oxide (Fe3O4) in the sample with a specific surface area of 219 m2/g. The magnetic hysteresis curve revealed that the synthesized PEG-MN nanoparticles exhibit a superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature with a saturation magnetization of 39.370 emu/g. While the morphology of the synthesized PEG-MN nanoparticles displayed a spherical shape and well-PEG coating of the magnetite particles as well as a perfect monodispersity of the particles. The reactivity of the PEG-MN nanoparticles was examined for adsorption of the cadmium ion Cd(II) from aqueous solutions. The maximum adsorption capacity of the PEG-MN nanoparticles was found to be 0.452 mg/g. The adsorption process is well fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the adsorption efficiency of Cd(II) was found to be 52% suggesting that the synthesized PEG-MN nanoparticles are an effective and promising tool for the removal of the selected metal.

In this study, Titanium dioxide nanostructures were hydrothermally synthesized at different temperatures 130, 170 and 200 °C. The structural properties and crystallite size of TiO2 nanostructures were confirmed through XRD analyses. Moreover, the morphologies were confirmed using TEM analyses. These analyses confirmed the formation of single phase TiO2 nanostructures. The average crystallite size for the TiO2 nanostructures synthesized at different hydrothermal temperatures of 130, 170, and 200 °C was found to be 11.5 nm, 5.3 nm, and 5 nm, respectively. The impact of changes in these morphologies on the physical characteristics and photokilling activity of cancer cells has been studied. The results showed that the photokilling activity of TiO2 nanostructures is morphology dependent, with TiO2 nanowires having the highest activity and nanosheets having the lowest under our experimental conditions.

Wound healing is one of the utmost medical issues in human and veterinary medicine, which explains the urgent need for developing new agents that possess wound-healing activities. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of green and chemical ZnO-NPs for wound healing. ZnO-NPs (chemical and green using Lawsonia inermis leaf extract) were synthesized and characterized by XRD; FTIR, and HRTEM. The gels containing the nanomaterials were prepared and inspected. Forty-five albino rats were divided into three groups, the control group was treated with normal saline 0.9 % and the other two groups were treated with gels containing green and chemical ZnO-NPs, respectively. On the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 21st dpt, the wounds were clinical and histologically examined. Both nanomaterials have good crystallinity and high purity, but green ZnO-NPs have a longer nanowire length and diameter than chemical ZnO-NPs. The formed gels were highly viscous with a pH of 6.5 to 7. Both prepared gels showed clinical improvements, such as a decrease in WSA and WSA%, increase in WC%, and reduced healing time (P LI mediated-ZnO-NPs were more effective.