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A method for the synthesis of mixed-ligand gold glyconanoparticles with average particle size of 20–25 nm at widely variable ratio of the initial glycoligands on the basis of aldoses 6-mercaptohexanoyl hydrazones—condensation products of a series of natural aldoses (N-acetylamino-D-glucose, D-mannose, D-galactose, and L-fucose) with 6-mercaptohexanoic acid hydrazide—has been developed. It has been shown that the obtained gold glyconanoparticles exhibit low toxicity and are active against influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) virus at concentrations of 3 and 6 μg/mL.

The condensation products of natural monosaccharides L-fucose, L-rhamnose, N-acetylamino-D-glucose and N-acetylamino-D-mannose with thioglycolic acid hydrazide have a cyclic 1,3,4-thiadiazine structure or are presented in solution in DMSO-d6 by a tautomeric mixture of pyranose and 1,3,4-thiadiazine forms. It was shown that L-rhamnose and N-acetylamino-D-mannose mercaptoacetyl hydrazones exhibit high radioprotective activity, increasing the survival rate of mortally irradiated mice by 35–45%.

A method for the synthesis of gold glyconanoparticles with average particle size of 18–21 nm and low polydispersity index based on readily available thiolated compounds: 3-thiopropionylhydrazones of L-fucose, L-rhamnose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, and N-acetyl-D-mannosamine has been developed. It has been shown that some of the gold glyconanoparticles exhibit antitumor activity, and the initial thiolated glycoligands have shown strong radioprotective activity, increasing the survival rate of mortally irradiated mice by 50–70%.

The paper discusses the main stages of development of cryptographic protocols from SSL 2.0 (Secure Socket Layer) to TLS 1.3 (Transport Layer Security), which ensure the protection of transport layer data in the OSI model. A brief description of the modification of the RuTLS protocol based on TLS 1.3 and their main differences is given. The development of IPsec, which provides cryptographic protection of communications at the network level of the OSI model, is considered using examples of the development of the three most commonly used protocols. These include IKE (Internet Key Exchange), AH (Authentication Header), and ESP (Encapsulation Security Payload). For the SSL/TLS and IPsec specifications, the basic handshake protocols and the main stages of their development are considered. The described handshakes include primary cryptographic information exchange cycles in the form of identifiers of interaction participants, one-time numbers, lists of supported cryptographic combinations. Authentication of participants based on certificates, shared symmetric keys, data exchange for establishing a shared Diffie — Hellman secret, development of key material for secret keys of communication sessions, message authentication, and other cryptographic parameters are presented. For different versions of SSL/TLS and IPsec, the logical structures of application data cryptographic protection functions are described.

In experiments in mice, the radioprotective efficacy of sugar-containing compounds was studied based on the condensation products of thioglycolic (TGH) and thiosalicylic (TSH) hydrazides with a series of natural aldoses: the monosaccharides D-glucose (Glс) and D-galactose (Gal) and the disaccharides D‑lactose (Lac) and D-maltose (Mal). It was shown that the use of Glc-TGH and Mal-TSH preparations increases the survival rate of deadly irradiated animals by 25% when administered 1 h before irradiation and by 40% when administered 24 h before irradiation. It is assumed that the leading role in the radioprotective activity of the drugs is played by the protection of the hematopoietic stem cells of the test animals.

The comparative analysis of microheterogeneous structure of the surface of films of amorphous aromatic polyetherimide: poly[4, 4'-bis(4''-N-phenoxy)diphenylsulfon]imide of 1,3-bis(3', 4-dicarboxyphenoxy)benzene (PEI) and poly(imide siloxane) block copolymer (PSI) containing PEI blocks and blocks of dimethylsiloxane units was performed according to electron microscopy. It was shown that anisotropy, long-range order, and the correlation length of density fluctuations increase in PSI film as compared to PEI. PSI samples are characterized by asymmetrical biaxial surface texture, as opposed to PEI, which exhibits axial texture. Periodic density oscillations are observed along the directions of axes of PSI structure at the micron scale. The obtained results evidence microphase separation in PSI film caused by spatially oriented contact interactions between the blocks of dimethylsiloxane units.

A procedure has been developed for the synthesis of gold glyconanoparticles with an average particle size of 15–30 nm and a low polydispersity index on the basis of natural hexose (d-glucose, d-galactose, d-mannose) sulfanylacetyl-, 3-sulfanylpropanoyl-, and 2-sulfanylbenzoylhydrazones and thiolated poly(2-deoxy-2-methacryloylamino-d-glucose).

A procedure has been developed for the synthesis of previously unknown aldose 4-[(ω-sulfanylalkyl) oxy]benzoylhydrazones (where alkyl is hexyl or decyl and aldoses are D-glucose, D-galactose, D-maltose, and D-lactose) that a repromising glycoligands for noble metal nanoparticles. According to the 1H and 13C NMR data, 4-[(ω-sulfanylalkyl)oxy]benzoylhydrazones derived from D-glucose, D-maltose, and D-lactose in crystal and in DMSO-d6 solution have exclusively the cyclic pyranose structure (α- and β-anomers). D-Galactose 4-[(ω-sulfanylalkyl)oxy]benzoylhydrazones in DMSO-d6 solution exist as tautomeric mixtures of cyclic pyranose and open-chain acylhydrazone structures.

This paper describes the development and investigation of compact waveguide electrooptic modulators using original synthesized chromophore-containing polyimides with covalently attached commercial DR-13 dye. Fully polymer planar electro-optic structures with phase-polarization and amplitude modulators in the form of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer were developed and implemented. The characteristics of the developed modulators at a wavelength of 1.3 μm were investigated, and a half-wave voltage of 24 V was achieved with a 1.3 cm length of the active part of the modulator.

A method of synthesis of 3-thiopropinyl derivatives of 5-oxo-1,3,4-benzothiadiazepine-4-acetic acid, potential antihypertensive drugs, vasopeptidase inhibitors, starting from 2-thiobenzoic acid hydrazide has been elaborated.

The article systematized the most widely spread models of agricultural enterprises’ functioning and presents the authors’ algorithm how to stimulate further development of socioeconomic rural territories in Ukraine under the conditions of the ongoing political and economic decentralization. Attention is also focused on similar experience and development trends in Poland, since borrowing this experience might be helpful for Ukraine while taking into account socioeconomic, ethnical cultural and climatic features of agricultural enterprises’ functioning along with the most pressing needs of their local communities. The authors present here their own step-by-step approach to designing the model of agricultural business development in the context of harmonizing the interests of farmers on one side and united territorial communities on the other.

The article highlights the scientific substantiation of perspective ways of innovative development of national agricultural advisory services in the context of stimulating economic development in rural areas of Ukraine in the conditions of decentralization of power. The study allowed to establish the existing imbalance in the ratio of the main types of agricultural enterprises and agricultural service cooperatives, falling on one advisory service, as well as to determine the causes of significant imbalances in the regional context, the determination of which offers a number of key innovation priorities, activating the integration of education, research, marketing, economic and financial, consulting and other services necessary to provide a complete infrastructure of the economy of rural areas with the potential of basic institutions of NAAS and MES.

Urgency of the research. The importance of adequate economic and mathematical evaluation of sustainable rural development at the regional level explains the new needs of decentralization of power. Target setting. As part of the Sustainable Development Strategy "Ukraine - 2020", it is advisable to explore the possibilities regions to accelerate the sustainable development of rural areas. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. We note the publication of such scholars as M. Adamovich, M. Zgurovsky, E. Libanova, M. Hvesyk, A. Sokolova et al. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Scientists have not worked on regional assessment of sustainable rural development through influencing constituent component on the final value of the integral index. The research objective. Form a assessment method for sustainable rural development using modern economic and mathematical tools that avoids a number of errors related to subjectivity experts. The statement of basic materials. The article presents a SWOT-analysis of methods for assessing the level of sustainable development, which allowed distinguish the new assessment system, which is not used by experts. Using factor and mathematical analysis, integrated assessment methodology, etc., possible to increase the objectivity of received regional assessments of sustainable rural development Ukraine and minimize errors associated with the human factor. Conclusions. Using the proposed technique has allowed to rank rural areas of Ukraine at the regional level and identify leaders (Chernivtsi, Sumy, Volyn and Rivne region.), whose experience is subject to study and imitate other areas. In the process of calculation was established unification rural employment, which exhibits low economic (business) activity., Актуальність теми дослідження. Важливість адекватної економіко-математичної оцінки сталого розвитку сільських територій на регіональному рівні пояснюється новими потребами децентралізації владних повноважень. Постановка проблеми. У рамках реалізації Стратегії сталого розвитку «Україна – 2020» варто вивчити можливості регіонів задля прискорення сталого розвитку сільських територій. Аналіз останніх досліджень і публікацій. Відзначимо публікації таких вчених як М. Адамовіч, М. Згуровський, Е. Лібанова, Ю. Харазішвілі, М. Хвесик. Виділення недосліджених частин загальної проблеми. Вченими ще недостатньо опрацьовано питання регіональної оцінки сталого розвитку сільських територій через вплив складових компонент на остаточне значення інтегрального індексу. Постановка завдання. Сформувати методику оцінювання сталого розвитку сільських територій з використанням сучасного економіко-математичного апарату, який дозволяє уникнути ряду помилок, пов’язаних з суб’єктивністю експертів. Виклад основного матеріалу. У статті наведено SWOT-аналіз основних методів оцінки рівня сталого розвитку, що дозволило виокремити нову систему оцінювання, в якій не використовуються експерти. Використання факторного та математичного аналізу, інтегральної методології оцінювання дозволило підвищити об’єктивність отриманих регіональних оцінок рівня сталого розвитку сільських територій України та мінімізувати можливі помилки, пов’язані з людським чинником. Висновки. Використання запропонованої методики дозволило ранжувати сільські території України на регіональному рівні та виявити лідерів (Чернівецька, Сумська, Волинська та Рівненська обл.), досвід яких підлягає вивченню та наслідуванню іншими областями. У процесі обчислення було встановлено уніфікацію зайнятості сільського населення, яке проявляє низьку економічну (підприємницьку) активність.