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The objective of the study was to compare the order of admission and distribution in hospitals of the incoming flow of victims with explosive peacetime injuries (based on the analysis of terrorist acts in Minsk on April 11, 2011 and in St. Petersburg on April 3, 2017).Methods and Materials. We analyzed the organization of inpatient medical care for 2 groups of victims who applied for medical care to hospital health organizations on the day of the terrorist attack. The first group – 195 victims of the explosion in the subway of Minsk. The second group – 55 victims of the explosion in the subway of St. Petersburg. Results. The order of admission of victims to the healthcare organization in both groups was similar, as was the number of requests for medical care within 1.5 hours from the time of the first treatment (72.7 and 63.6 %, p>0.05). In both groups, there were identical indicators of the victims aimed at inpatient treatment (80.5 and 83.6 %, p>0.05), and cases when the profile of the hospitalization department was crucial for the nature of medical care (74.5 and 76.1 %, p>0.05). The victims of both groups hospitalized in hospital healthcare organizations had identical indicators of subsequent transfers to other medical institutions or to other departments.Conclusion. The first 1.5 hours after the first call to hospitals after explosions in the subway are the most stressful, which may require limiting medical care only to emergency operations. Up to 20 % of the victims had no serious injuries and were referred for outpatient treatment.

Viral vectors are agents enabling gene transfer and genome editing and have widespread utility across the healthcare and biotechnology sectors. In January 2023, the International Bureau for Weights and Measures’ Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance (CCQM) held a workshop on Metrology for Viral systems as molecular tools. The workshop brought together international leaders from across regulatory, industry, government science, and metrology sectors to better understand key challenges for the community: Exploring current limitations in the measurement of virus-derived, virus-based, and virus-like systems in terms of quantification and characterisation; surveying the state-of-the-art in analytical methods and reference material provision for these entities; and initiating a dialog for the strategic development and implementation of suitable standardisation approaches for this sector. This article presents the workshop background and rationale, presentation summaries, conclusions, and recommendations.

Inflammation of mammary gland - mastitis - can be caused by various reasons, both physical and microbiological. Mastitis affects physical and technological quality of milk, growth of economic costs and increase in milk production cost, especially due to the use of antimicrobial drugs. The purpose of the research was to study antibacterial resistance of mastitis pathogens in cattle. The studies were carried out in the Oktyabrsky and Kamyshinsky districts, Volgograd region in 2019-2023. 1206 milk samples from Holstein- Friesian cows aged 4-7 years were examined using standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on Mueller - Hinton agar using a modified Kirby - Bauer disc diffusion method. Based on the results of microbiological studies, microbial growth of 984 cultures ( S. aureus , Str. agalactiae , Str. uberis , E. coli , Klebsiella spp. , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Pasteurella multocida , Trueperella pyogenes and Mycoplasma spp. ) was identified . In the study, multiple resistance to the studied antimicrobial drugs was noted, for example, E. coli had resistance to all 9 drugs; Pseudomonas aeruginosa - to 8; Mycoplasma spp. - to 7; S. aureus , Str. agalactiae , Str. uberis , Klebsiella spp . and Pasteurella multocida - to 6; Trueperella pyogenes to 1 drug. Constant monitoring of resistance of bovine mastitis pathogens to antimicrobial agents contributes to a more effective selection of therapy for clinical mastitis.

The article presents the data on the dairy cows’ uterine lavage microbial composition characteristics suffering from subclinical endometritis. Subclinical endometritis is accompanied by the normal microbiota composition changes in the cow uterus and the disease-causing and opportunistic microorganisms’ growth. To perform uterine contents lavage, polystyrene disposable pipettes connected to a 50 ml disposable syringe using a plastic adapter were used. Subclinical endometritis was diagnosed in 22 cows (17.19%). Sixty-one dairy cows out of 128 (47.66%) were healthy. Microorganisms of the Enterobacteriaceae family: E. coli, P. vulgaris, S. enteritidis, pathogenic streptococci: S. agalactiae, S. pyogenes and staphylococci: S. aureus, S. epidermidis were selected. The total microbial contamination of the lavage samples was 64.72±8.80 CFU/ml. The most common microorganisms were microorganisms of the Enterobacteriaceae family: E. coli, S. enteritidis and P. vulgaris with 2069 CFU /ml. Pathogenic streptococci amounted to 1989 CFU /ml and staphylococci to 1,579 CFU /ml.

The paper studied 35 Holstein cows on a dairy farm in Volgograd region in 2023. The cows received a balanced diet with corn silage, hay, concentrated forages, supplements and mineral components to ensure health and productivity as they produced 40 kg of milk with a fat content of 3.7% daily. Cows diagnosed with postpartum metritis were injected subcutaneously with ceftiofur hydrochloride at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight. Vaginal discharge was evaluated on day 10 after diagnosis. If discharge persisted, it indicated lack of recovery. Recovery was confirmed if there was no change in the structure and vaginal discharge by day 21. The study showed that the use of ceftiofur for the treatment of cows with metritis was not negatively associated with reproductive performance and productivity of the study cows, but was strongly associated with uterine inflammation. There was no direct reduction in the association between reproductive performance and key production parameters in the study, while there was a high correlation with cow disease such as metritis. The standard deviation for cows diagnosed with metritis was 59.40, metritis + retained placenta - 7.42, metritis + uterine atony - 14.85, metritis + retained placenta + uterine atony - 3.71.

Abstract Antimicrobial resistance challenges the ability of modern medicine to contain infections. Given the dire need for new antimicrobials, polypeptide antibiotics hold particular promise. These agents hit multiple targets in bacteria starting with their most exposed regions—their membranes. However, suitable approaches to quantify the efficacy of polypeptide antibiotics at the membrane and cellular level have been lacking. Here, we employ two complementary microfluidic platforms to probe the structure–activity relationships of two experimental series of polypeptide antibiotics. We reveal strong correlations between each peptide’s physicochemical activity at the membrane level and biological activity at the cellular level. We achieve this knowledge by assaying the membranolytic activities of the compounds on hundreds of individual giant lipid vesicles, and by quantifying phenotypic responses within clonal bacterial populations with single-cell resolution. Our strategy proved capable of detecting differential responses for peptides with single amino acid substitutions between them, and can accelerate the rational design and development of peptide antimicrobials.

Purpose: to improve the methodology for choosing grain harvesters for a given cereal crops yield and optimal harvesting conditions. Materials and methods. The improvement of the methodology for choosing grain harvesters was based on the recommendations by V. E. Berdyshev, G. N. Erokhin, E. V. Zhalnin, S. G. Lomakin, G. G. Maslov, S. M. Penkin, V. F. Fedorenko, G. E. Chepurin and other scientists using the basic technical characteristics of modern combine harvesters and reapers for harvesting Severodonetsk Jubilee variety winter wheat in a number of farms in the north-west of Volgograd region. Results. It is proposed to select grain harvesters step by step. At the first stage it is recommended to calculate the actual cereal crops feeding to the combine thresher for threshing the crop, taking into account its straw content. The straw content of winter wheat varies from average by 20–24 %, with an increase in yield, the difference between the maximum and minimum values decreases. The next stage is to determine the loading efficiency of the thresher with the yield possible in the farm, using the most commonly used reapers, the average speed of the combine and the maximum straw content of the harvested crop. Calculations showed that harvesters of class II should be used with a grain yield of 1 t per ha and a constructive reaper width of 6 and 7 m, respectively class V should be used at 3 t and 6 m per ha, and IX class should be used at 5 t per ha and 6 m. High-performance combines of class IX, equipped with wide reapers (9.1 m), can be effectively used in the recommended speed mode (7.2 km/h) with optimal threshing load with a grain yield of 1–2 t per ha. Conclusions. The choice of combine harvesters is recommended using the passport thresher capacity by 90–100 %, taking into account the yield of the harvested grain crop and its maximum straw content.

Stable isotopes are ideal labels for studying biological processes because they have little or no effect on the biochemical properties of target molecules. The NanoSIMS is a tool that can image the distribution of stable isotope labels with up to 50 nm spatial resolution and with good quantitation. This combination of features has enabled several groups to undertake significant experiments on biological problems in the last decade. Combining the NanoSIMS with other imaging techniques also enables us to obtain not only chemical information but also the structural information needed to understand biological processes. This article describes the methodologies that we have developed to correlate atomic force microscopy and backscattered electron imaging with NanoSIMS experiments to illustrate the imaging of stable isotopes at molecular, cellular, and tissue scales. Our studies make it possible to address 3 biological problems: (1) the interaction of antimicrobial peptides with membranes; (2) glutamine metabolism in cancer cells; and (3) lipoprotein interactions in different tissues.

Purpose: substantiation of the design of the cutterbar of the header, providing high indicators of its maintainability and quality of sorghum harvesting. Materials and methods: scientific works on research of cutting devices of headers for grain and forage harvesters were used. In the 2020 harvesting season, the timing of the operation of a sorghum harvester equipped with a segment-finger cutter with an endless knife contour and a segment failure control device was carried out for harvesting grain sorghum of the Premierra variety, on the basis of which the laboriousness of restoring parts and assemblies was determined of the improved cutterbar, an assessment of the quality of plants cutting and grain losses is given. Results. The basic requirements for the design of the cutterbar of the header are given: to ensure high quality of plants cutting of various crops and varieties of agricultural crops; to have low energy consumption, high reliability of the structure in a wide range of operating conditions and high technological performance; to be compact and safe to maintain. The design of the cutting device of the header is proposed, which contains a knife in the form of a chain circuit with segments, a knife drive, a sensor, a control unit, a signaling device, a drive with a brush, while the header speed sensor and an analog-to-digital converter are additionally connected to the input of the control unit, and to the output - a control unit, functionally connected to the chain circuit drive. In the event of segment failures, the control unit receives a signal corresponding to the time the sensor travels a distance equal to the segment setting step on the chain loop tfact.. The control unit compares tfact. with a given t0. If tfact. > t0, then the frequency of rotation of the drive shaft increases until the moment when tfact. = t0. The linear speed of the segments is maintained at the achieved level. When a signal arrives at the control unit corresponding to the time tfact. < tmin, a signal is sent to the control unit to turn off the drive of the chain loop. Experimental studies of a sorghum harvester have shown that the average labor intensity of restoring an improved cutting device is 2.2 times less than that of a segment-finger one. In addition, it was found that the cuttingedge of the header of the proposed design allows mowing broom and grain sorghum at a given cutting height with high quality in case of failure of up to three adjacent segments. Conclusion: a new design of the cutterbar of the header with an endless knife contour, sensors for segment failures and header speed, a control unit, a signaling device, an analog-to-digital converter and a control unit has been proposed, which has the ability to automatically regulate the linear speed of the segments of the ensuring the quality of the cut of plants, determined by agrotechnical requirements.

The symptomatic irreproducibility of data in biomedicine and biotechnology prompts the need for higher order measurements of cells in their native and near-native environments. Such measurements may support the adoption of new technologies as well as the development of research programs across different sectors including healthcare and clinic, environmental control and national security. With an increasing demand for reliable cell-based products and services, cellular metrology is poised to help address current and emerging measurement challenges faced by end-users. However, metrological foundations in cell analysis remain sparse and significant advances are necessary to keep pace with the needs of modern medicine and industry. Herein we discuss a role of metrology in cell and cell-related R&D activities to underpin growing international measurement capabilities. Relevant measurands are outlined and the lack of reference methods and materials, particularly those based on functional cell responses in native environments, is highlighted. The status quo and current challenges in cellular measurements are discussed in the light of metrological traceability in cell analysis and applications (e.g., a functional cell count). An emphasis is made on the consistency of measurement results independent of the analytical platform used, high confidence in data quality vs. quantity, scale of measurements and issues of building infrastructure for end-users.

The article presents the research results on the vitaminselenium-containing preparation (1.0 l / t) using effectiveness in the broiler chickens diet in combination with enzyme preparations “CelloLux-F” (100 g/t, experimental group I), “Protosubtilin G3x” (60 g/t, experimental group II) and “Amylosubtilin G3x” (200 g/t, experimental group III). It was found that the broilers of the experimental groups exceeded the average live weight by 2.74-4.95%; dry matter digestibility - by 0.89-1.58%, protein - by 1.41-2.71%, fat - by 1.16-2.03%, fiber - by 0.82-1.69 and nitrogen-free extractive substances - 0.74-1.43%, nitrogen use - by 1.35-2.99%; drawn bird weight - by 2.93-5.89%, edible carcass parts - by 3.33-6.47%, pectoral muscles - by 3.53-7.83%. In the experimental groups broiler chickens, the meat quality indicators are improved: dry matter content in the pectoral muscles - by 0.30; 0.12 and 0.07%, protein - by 0.41 (P

Electron microscopy plays an important role in the analysis of functional nano-to-microstructures. Substrates and staining procedures present common sources of variation for the analysis. However, systematic investigations on the impact of these sources on data interpretation are lacking. Here we pinpoint key determinants associated with reproducibility issues in the imaging of archetypal protein assemblies, protein shells, and filaments. The effect of staining on the morphological characteristics of the assemblies was assessed to reveal differential features for anisotropic (filaments) and isotropic (shells) forms. Commercial substrates and coatings under the same staining conditions gave comparable results for the same model assembly, while highlighting intrinsic sample variations including the density and heterogenous distribution of assemblies on the substrate surface. With no aberrant or disrupted structures observed, and putative artefacts limited to substrate-associated markings, the study emphasizes that reproducible imaging must correlate with an optimal combination of substrate stability, stain homogeneity, accelerating voltage, and magnification.