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1. MOZART: Ensembling Approach for COVID-19 Detection using Chest X-Ray Imagery

Author

Shabo, Mohammed and Siddig, Nazar

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

COVID-19, has led to a global pandemic that strained the healthcare systems. Early and accurate detection is crucial for controlling the spread of the virus. While reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test is the gold standard for diagnosis, it's limited availability, long processing times and extremely high false negative rate, have prompted the exploration of alternative methods. Chest Xray imaging has emerged as a valuable, non invasive tool for identifying COVID-19 related lung abnormalities. Traditional convolutional neural networks (CNNs) achieve impressive accuracy, but there is a need for more robust solutions to minimize false positives and negatives in critical medical applications. Thus We introduce the MOZART framework, an ensemble learning approach that enhances the virus detection. We trained three CNN architectures InceptionV3, Xception, and ResNet50 on a balanced chest X-ray dataset of 3,616 COVID-19 and 3,616 healthy images. Each model underwent a separate preprocessing pipeline, such as normalizing inputs to a range of -1 to 1. The dataset was split into 70% for training, 20% for validation, and 10% for testing, after training the individual models, we trained a shallow neural network on the predictions and to provide a us with the final predictions. Our results show that the MOZART framework with it's sub-experiments MOZART1 and MOZART2 outperforms individual CNN models in key metrics. It achieved an accuracy of 99.17% and an F1 score of 99.16%. MOZART1 excels at minimizing false positives, while MOZART2 is better for reducing false negatives. This work suggests that the MOZART framework can improve reliability in AI-driven medical imaging tasks and should be explored further for other lung diseases., Comment: This paper was originally intended to be published as part of my B.Sc. graduation project in Electrical and Electronics Engineering at the University of Khartoum in 2021. However, due to political and economic instability, and most recently, the outbreak of conflict in Sudan in April 2023, the publication process was significantly delayed. But yeah, better late than never

Published
2024

2. Enhancing Large Language Models with Domain-specific Retrieval Augment Generation: A Case Study on Long-form Consumer Health Question Answering in Ophthalmology

Author

Gilson, Aidan, Ai, Xuguang, Arunachalam, Thilaka, Chen, Ziyou, Cheong, Ki Xiong, Dave, Amisha, Duic, Cameron, Kibe, Mercy, Kaminaka, Annette, Prasad, Minali, Siddig, Fares, Singer, Maxwell, Wong, Wendy, Jin, Qiao, Keenan, Tiarnan D. L., Hu, Xia, Chew, Emily Y., Lu, Zhiyong, Xu, Hua, Adelman, Ron A., Tham, Yih-Chung, and Chen, Qingyu

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

Despite the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) in medicine, they may generate responses lacking supporting evidence or based on hallucinated evidence. While Retrieval Augment Generation (RAG) is popular to address this issue, few studies implemented and evaluated RAG in downstream domain-specific applications. We developed a RAG pipeline with 70,000 ophthalmology-specific documents that retrieve relevant documents to augment LLMs during inference time. In a case study on long-form consumer health questions, we systematically evaluated the responses including over 500 references of LLMs with and without RAG on 100 questions with 10 healthcare professionals. The evaluation focuses on factuality of evidence, selection and ranking of evidence, attribution of evidence, and answer accuracy and completeness. LLMs without RAG provided 252 references in total. Of which, 45.3% hallucinated, 34.1% consisted of minor errors, and 20.6% were correct. In contrast, LLMs with RAG significantly improved accuracy (54.5% being correct) and reduced error rates (18.8% with minor hallucinations and 26.7% with errors). 62.5% of the top 10 documents retrieved by RAG were selected as the top references in the LLM response, with an average ranking of 4.9. The use of RAG also improved evidence attribution (increasing from 1.85 to 2.49 on a 5-point scale, P<0.001), albeit with slight decreases in accuracy (from 3.52 to 3.23, P=0.03) and completeness (from 3.47 to 3.27, P=0.17). The results demonstrate that LLMs frequently exhibited hallucinated and erroneous evidence in the responses, raising concerns for downstream applications in the medical domain. RAG substantially reduced the proportion of such evidence but encountered challenges.

Published
2024

4. Genomic and transmission dynamics of the 2024 Marburg virus outbreak in Rwanda

Author

Butera, Yvan, Mutesa, Leon, Parker, Edyth, Muvunyi, Raissa, Umumararungu, Esperance, Ayitewala, Alisen, Musabyimana, Jean Pierre, Olono, Alhaji, Sesonga, Placide, Ogunsanya, Olusola, Kabalisa, Emmanuel, Adedokun, Oluwatobi, Gahima, Nelson, Irankunda, Laetitia, Mutezemariya, Chantal, Niyonkuru, Richard, Uwituze, Arlene, Uwizera, Ithiel, Kagame, James, Umugwaneza, Arlette, Rwabuhihi, John, Umwanankabandi, Fidele, Mbonitegeka, Valens, Ntagwabira, Edouard, Kayigi, Etienne, Izuwayo, Gerard, Murenzi, Herve, Mukankwiro, Therese, Tuyiringire, Nasson, Uwimana, Jean Marie Vianney, Gasengayire, Agnes, Sindayiheba, Reuben, Onyeugo, Glory-Ugochi, Aragaw, Merawi, Gitundu, Lenny, Bigirimana, Radjabu, Fallah, Mosoka, Ejikeme, Adaora, Sembuche, Senga, Kabanda, Alice, Mugisha, Jean Claude, Francis, Emmanuel Edwar Siddig, Gashema, Pierre, Ndayisenga, Jerome, Rugamba, Alexis, Kanyabwisha, Faustin, Murenzi, Gad, Happi, Anise, Ngabonziza, Jean Claude Semuto, Gashegu, Misbah, Ahmed, Ayman, Bigirimana, Noella, Rwagasore, Edson, Semakula, Muhammed, Rwabihama, Jean Paul, Musanabaganwa, Clarisse, Seruyange, Eric, Nkeshimana, Menelas, Twagirumugabe, Theogene, Turatsinze, David, Remera, Eric, Gahamanyi, Noel, Tessema, Sofonias Kifle, Mukagatare, Isabelle, Nsanzimana, Sabin, Happi, Christian, and Muvunyi, Claude Mambo

Published
2025
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11. Clinical phenotyping and genetic diagnosis of a large cohort of Sudanese families with hereditary spinocerebellar degenerations

Author

Yahia, Ashraf, Hamed, Ahlam A. A., Mohamed, Inaam N., Elseed, Maha A., Salih, Mustafa A., El-sadig, Sarah M., Siddig, Hassab Elrasoul, Nasreldien, Ali Elsir Musa, Abdullah, Mohamed Ahmed, Elzubair, Maha, Omer, Farouk Yassen, Bakhiet, Aisha Motwakil, Abubaker, Rayan, Abozar, Fatima, Adil, Rawaa, Emad, Sara, Musallam, Mhammed Alhassan, Eltazi, Isra Z. M., Omer, Zulfa, Malik, Hiba, Mohamed, Mayada O. E., Elhassan, Ali A., Mohamed, Eman O. E., Ahmed, Ahmed K. M. A., Ahmed, Elhami A. A., Eltaraifee, Esraa, Hussein, Bidour K., Abd Allah, Amal S. I., Salah, Lina, Nimir, Mohamed, Tag Elseed, Omnia M., Elhassan, Tasneem E. A., Elbashier, Abubakr, Alfadul, Esraa S. A., Fadul, Moneeb, Ali, Khalil F., Taha, Shaimaa Omer M. A., Bushara, Elfatih E., Amin, Mutaz, Koko, Mahmoud, Ibrahim, Muntaser E., Ahmed, Ammar E., Elsayed, Liena E. O., and Stevanin, Giovanni

Published
2024
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12. Bi-allelic PRRT2 variants may predispose to Self-limited Familial Infantile Epilepsy

Author

Koko, Mahmoud, Elseed, Maha A., Mohammed, Inaam N., Hamed, Ahlam A., Abd Allah, Amal S. I., Yahia, Ashraf, Siddig, Rayan A., Altmüller, Janine, Toliat, Mohammad Reza, Elmahdi, Esra O., Amin, Mutaz, Ahmed, Elhami A., Eltazi, Isra Z. M., Elmugadam, Fatima A., Abdelgadir, Wasma A., Eltaraifee, Esraa, Ibrahim, Mohamed O. M., Ali, Nabila M. H., Malik, Hiba M., Babai, Arwa M., Bakhit, Yousuf H., Nürnberg, Peter, Ibrahim, Muntaser E., Salih, Mustafa A., Schubert, Julian, Elsayed, Liena E. O., and Lerche, Holger

Published
2024
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13. A Vision-Language Foundation Model to Enhance Efficiency of Chest X-ray Interpretation

Author

Chen, Zhihong, Varma, Maya, Xu, Justin, Paschali, Magdalini, Van Veen, Dave, Johnston, Andrew, Youssef, Alaa, Blankemeier, Louis, Bluethgen, Christian, Altmayer, Stephan, Valanarasu, Jeya Maria Jose, Muneer, Mohamed Siddig Eltayeb, Reis, Eduardo Pontes, Cohen, Joseph Paul, Olsen, Cameron, Abraham, Tanishq Mathew, Tsai, Emily B., Beaulieu, Christopher F., Jitsev, Jenia, Gatidis, Sergios, Delbrouck, Jean-Benoit, Chaudhari, Akshay S., and Langlotz, Curtis P.

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract

Over 1.4 billion chest X-rays (CXRs) are performed annually due to their cost-effectiveness as an initial diagnostic test. This scale of radiological studies provides a significant opportunity to streamline CXR interpretation and documentation. While foundation models are a promising solution, the lack of publicly available large-scale datasets and benchmarks inhibits their iterative development and real-world evaluation. To overcome these challenges, we constructed a large-scale dataset (CheXinstruct), which we utilized to train a vision-language foundation model (CheXagent). We systematically demonstrated competitive performance across eight distinct task types on our novel evaluation benchmark (CheXbench). Beyond technical validation, we assessed the real-world utility of CheXagent in directly drafting radiology reports. Our clinical assessment with eight radiologists revealed a 36% time saving for residents using CheXagent-drafted reports, while attending radiologists showed no significant time difference editing resident-drafted or CheXagent-drafted reports. The CheXagent-drafted reports improved the writing efficiency of both radiology residents and attending radiologists in 81% and 61% of cases, respectively, without loss of quality. Overall, we demonstrate that CheXagent can effectively perform a variety of CXR interpretation tasks and holds potential to assist radiologists in routine clinical workflows., Comment: 26 pages, 8 figures

Published
2024

14. Trends and dynamics in facelift surgery research: A bibliometric analysis of the top 50 most cited papers

Author

Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab, Abdullah Farasani, Hassan Ahmad Alfaifi, and Waseem Hassan

Subjects
Facelift surgery, Bibliometric analysis, Thematic evolution, Citation analysis, Research trends, Collaboration networks, Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract

Background: Facelift procedures represent a critical area of aesthetic and reconstructive surgery that addresses the physical and psychological impacts of facial aging. Advancements in techniques and technologies over time have transformed the field, making it essential to assess the evolution of research trends. This study performed a bibliometric analysis of facelift research by examining the top 50 most cited publications to evaluate their contributions, thematic evolution, and collaborative networks. Methods: The Scopus database was used to identify relevant publications. A total of 50 documents were selected, comprising 47 articles and 3 reviews published across 16 academic sources. The inclusion criteria focused on publications with substantial relevance to facelift research; this ensured comprehensive coverage of the topic. Key performance indicators (for the authors) such as the number of papers, total citations, h-index, g-index, m-index, HG composite, and Q2 index were calculated. Citation analysis and collaborative network mapping were conducted to identify the leading contributors, including authors, universities, countries, and sources. Results: The findings indicated an annual growth rate of 1.34%, with an average document age of 29.4 years and an average citation count per document of 134.9. The analysis identified the top authors and their collaborative networks, along with key contributions from various universities, countries, and sources. The thematic evolution of facelift research was examined across these 50 papers; this revealed important trends and shifts within the field. Conclusion: This bibliometric analysis offers valuable insights into the development and influence of facelift research over a 52-year span. It highlights significant contributors and outlines thematic shifts, providing directions for future research and collaboration in this field.

Published
2025
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15. Bibliometric analysis of scientific research on Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst.

Author

Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab, Manal Mohamed Elhassan Taha, and Abdalbasit Adam Mariod

Subjects
bibliometric analysis, citation analysis, research-based data, sclerocarya birrea, marula, scopus, vosviewe, Food processing and manufacture, TP368-456
Abstract

Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. is an African wild tree found in many countries across the continent. Its leaves, bark, root, and fruits are used in food, cosmetics, and traditional medicine. However, no systematic bibliometric review on S. birrea have been performed so far. This study covered publications made in 1986–2022 and investigated such bibliometric indicators as knowledge dynamics, links and structure, relevant journals, productive organizations, renowned authors, authoring patterns, national and international collaboration levels, etc. The bibliometric data on a total of 369 publications were downloaded from Scopus database and analyzed using the MS-Excel and VOSViewer software. The Scopus publications on S. birrea showed a versatile range in the interdisciplinary areas of research, with agricultural and biological sciences predominating. The Republic of South Africa was responsible for the largest number of citations. All in all, 63 countries published research on S. birrea in the specified time period, and the share of African countries was 65.43% of the total global research. Co-authorship and international collaboration were registered for six clusters. A total of 1114 researchers and 160 institutions actively contributed to S. birrea studies, with 37 having a minimum of five publications. Mapping of knowledge structure using the keyword co-occurrence revealed the related research areas. The Journal of Ethnopharmacology took the lead in terms of average citation. The co-citation analysis revealed some remarkable dynamics in S. birrea research. This bibliometric study provides a complete insight into S. birrea research development and publication patterns over the last 36 years.

Published
2025
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16. Performance analysis, conceptual mapping, and emerging trends for Gum Arabic research: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis from 1916 to 2023

Author

Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab, Manal Mohamed Elhassan Taha, and Abdalbasit Adam Mariod

Subjects
Gum arabic, Bibliometric analysis, Bibliographical information, VOSviewer, Bibliometrix, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641, Food processing and manufacture, TP368-456
Abstract

Abstract Gum Arabic (GA) is a natural ingredient used in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Numerous studies have been conducted on the physicochemical properties and applications of GA. This study aimed to map knowledge and perform a bibliometric analysis of GA research (GAR) for over a century ago. A search was carried out in the Scopus database using relevant terms and Boolean operators (Gum Arabic OR Acacia gum, OR gum sudani), and data-driven documents in English were extracted. The extracted data included citations, bibliographical and geographical information, abstracts, and keywords. The CVS and BibTex data files were analyzed using VOSviewer and Bibliometrix platforms, respectively. The annual increase in GAR is incremental, consisting of 5313 documents over 108 years and produced by 27 scientific disciplines. The three most productive countries are India, China, and the United States. The rate of international co-authorship was 22.07%, with China being the most collaborative country. Food Hydrocolloids is the most prestigious source. Phillips, G.O., is the most prolific, cited, and co-cited author. Four clusters were detected based on the co-citation analysis of the authors. The most frequent terms in the GAR were “nanoparticles,” “carbon nanotubes,” “stability,” “rats,” “microencapsulation,” and ”lipase.” “Carbon nanotubes” and “microencapsulation” are evolving subjects in GAR. 2000 and 2010 are the turning points in GAR’s thematic evolution. “Ultrasound,” “Pickering emulsion,” “sensory evaluation,” “bioactive compounds,” “cytotoxicity,” and “green synthesis” are the trending topics. Our findings reveal the most common scientific research on GAR, with the physiochemical qualities of GA as a dietary and pharmaceutical constituent being the most common. The marketing, production, tapping, and processing of GA requires further investigation. Graphical Abstract

Published
2025
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17. Churg-Strauss Syndrome in an HIV-Positive Sudanese Patient: A Challenging Treatment Case

Author

Omer A Mohammed, Abdulber Abather Ahmed Mohammed, Obai Abdelkarim hassan mohamed, Ahmad brair elemam elsiddig, Siddig Mohamed Ahmed Siddig, and Waleed Ahmed Idress

Subjects
Not Applicable, Medicine (General), R5-920, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS), also known as eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), is a rare form of systemic vasculitis characterized by asthma, eosinophilia, and multi-organ involvement. The syndrome primarily affects the lungs, heart, and kidneys. Managing CSS becomes even more challenging in patients with additional comorbidities like chronic kidney disease (CKD) and HIV, particularly when considering the risks associated with immunosuppressive therapy, which is standard for CSS but can exacerbate the immunosuppressed state in HIV-positive individuals. Case: A 34-year-old Sudanese male with no history of smoking, except for occasional sheesha use (2-3 times per week for one year), presented with multiple symptoms. The patient had been diagnosed with hypertension four months prior and CKD five months before this presentation, for which he was undergoing regular hemodialysis. He also had a history of asthma diagnosed five months earlier, managed with salbutamol and symbicort nebulizers. His hypertension was controlled with candesartan 16 mg and nifedipine 24 mg daily. The patient reported shortness of breath, particularly exacerbated by exercise, dialysis, and hot weather, which was relieved by Atrovent. He also had a two-week history of fever, primarily during dialysis, along with headache, rigors, a single episode of vomiting, recurrent epistaxis, and weight loss of 5 kg over five months. Additionally, he experienced numbness in both upper and lower limbs, generalized body swelling, and altered bowel habits. THE CASE: The patient appeared unwell, distressed, and dyspneic. Physical examination revealed raised jugular venous pressure, bilateral wheezing, fine crackles in the chest, mild lower limb edema, flat feet, and lower limb paresthesia. There was no evidence of pallor, jaundice, purpura, lymphadenopathy, skin nodules, or hemoptysis. Initial laboratory investigations showed anemia, electrolyte imbalances, and significant renal impairment. A chest X-ray revealed interstitial infiltrates with prominent bronchovascular markings. Follow-up tests showed improved hemoglobin levels but persistent renal impairment. Urinalysis revealed red blood cells (RBCs) and pus cells, while malaria was ruled out. Diagnosis: Based on the clinical presentation, including the history of asthma, eosinophilia, and multi-organ involvement, the patient was diagnosed with Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS). Additionally, the patient developed septicemia secondary to an infected permicath catheter, and subsequent HIV testing returned positive. The presence of HIV further complicated the management of CSS, as the standard immunosuppressive therapy posed a risk of worsening the patient’s immunocompromised state. The patient received emergency dialysis and broad-spectrum antibiotics, including meropenem and vancomycin, to treat the septicemia. The infected permicath catheter was replaced with an arteriovenous catheter to reduce the risk of recurrent infections. Despite the diagnosis of CSS, immunosuppressive therapy was deferred due to the patient’s HIV status, given the increased risk of opportunistic infections. CONCLUSION: This case illustrates the complexities of managing Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) in a patient with multiple comorbidities, including CKD and HIV. The coexistence of these conditions presents significant therapeutic challenges. This case underscores the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach and tailored treatment plans to optimize outcomes in patients with complex, overlapping medical conditions.

Published
2025

20. Undetected circulation of major arboviruses in West Sudan: urging for institutionalizing multisectoral one health strategy for the preparedness, prevention, and control of zoonotic arboviral diseases

Author

Nouh Saad Mohamed, Emmanuel Edwar Siddig, Claude Mambo Muvunyi, Abdualmoniem Omer Musa, Adel Elduma, and Ayman Ahmed

Subjects
Pandemic preparedness, prevention, and response, Global health security, Health policy, Mosquito-borne diseases, Vector-borne diseases, Emerging zoonotic diseases, Medicine, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract

Abstract Objectives Arboviruses pose a significant global health challenge. This study investigated the seroprevalence of major human arboviral infections, including yellow fever (YFV), dengue (DENV), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), Rift Valley fever (RVF), West Nile virus (WNV), and chikungunya (CHIK), in Darfur region from September to December 2018. ELISA-IgM was used to detect antibodies. RT‒PCR was used to differentiate YFV infection from vaccine-immuno-response in IgM samples. Results A total of 152 blood samples were collected, with 123 (80.9%) from males and 29 (19.1%) from females. The participants were grouped by age: 50 (32.9%) were under 20 years, 96 (63.2%) were aged 20–45 years, and 6 (3.9%) were over 45 years. The seroprevalence rates for YFV, DENV, and CHIKV were 68 (44.7%), 23 (15.1%), and 5 (3.3%), respectively. There were 11 molecularly-confirmed YFV cases (7.2%). Among these, 3/11 were positive for DENV-IgM, and 1/11 was positive for CHIKV-IgM. Among the 68 YFV-positive individuals, 15 (22.1%) had been exposed to DENV, and 2 (2.9%) had been exposed to CHIKV. Co-exposure to DENV and CHIKV was detected in 3 (1.9%) patients, while 2 (1.3%) patients had triple exposure to YFV, CHIKV, or DENV. No exposure to CCHF, RVFV, or WNV was detected.

Published
2024
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21. Bibliometric analysis of ChatGPT and plastic surgery research: Insights from diverse search strategies and co-word analysis

Author

Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab, Abdullah Farasani, Hassan Ahmad Alfaifi, and Waseem Hassan

Subjects
ChatGPT, Plastic surgery, Scopus, Bibliometric analysis, Co-words analysis, Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract

Background: The rise of artificial intelligence in healthcare, particularly the development of large language models like ChatGPT, has opened new avenues for innovation in medical fields, including plastic surgery. ChatGPT offers potential applications in patient education, surgical planning, and decision-making support, making it an important research subject. However, there has been limited investigation into its impact on plastic surgery. The objective of this study was to investigate the progress of research on ChatGPT and plastic surgery, focusing on key contributors and emerging topics within the field. Methods: Five distinct search strategies were employed to analyze relevant publications from the Scopus database. Results: The analysis identified and presented the top authors, universities, countries, sponsors, and journals (within each search strategy). The co-authorship networks of authors, universities, and countries are graphically presented. The authors’ performance was depicted by various indicators, such as total publications, citations, h-index, g-index, and m-index. A co-word analysis revealed the focus of the papers, which were presented in 15 groups. This multifaceted approach provides a detailed understanding of key themes in the field. Conclusion: This report offers a comprehensive overview of the current state of research at the intersection of ChatGPT and plastic surgery.

Published
2024
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22. Exploring Saudi paramedics’ experiences in managing adult trauma cases: a qualitative study

Author

Ateeq Almuwallad, Naif Harthi, Hussin Albargi, Bahja Siddig, and Rayan Jafnan Alharbi

Subjects
Trauma patients, Prehospital care, Perceptions, Paramedics, Special situations and conditions, RC952-1245, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract

Abstract Background Saudi paramedics face numerous challenges while providing care for adult trauma patients affecting their care but little is known about these specific challenges. Methods A qualitative study was conducted using a purposive sample of Saudi paramedics from the Saudi Red Crescent Authority (SRCA) across various cities. Data were collected through online semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the framework method. Results A total of 20 paramedics were recruited and interviewed. They identified challenges in trauma response, including coordinating care, ensuring the accuracy and accessibility of patient information, and maintaining confidence and readiness. Participants emphasized the need for independent knowledge acquisition through courses, simulations, and peer discussions. They also highlighted the need for more paramedics, strategies to reduce burnout, and the importance of accurately assessing patient conditions. Additionally, they also stressed the importance of raising public awareness to enhance trauma care. Conclusion This study explored Saudi paramedics' experiences in managing adult trauma patients. standardized handovers, more staff, and greater public awareness are the main key needs to improve daily practice.

Published
2024
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23. Assessing the performance of a new gum Arabic harvesting tool through the insight of gum producers in the gum belt of Sudan

Author

Muneer Elyas Siddig Eltahir, Suhad Ismail Eltahir, Moayad Balal Zaid, Hatim Mohamed Ahmed Elamin, Zeinab Mohammed Hamad, Osman Elsaid Adlan Abdelkareem, Faisal Ismail Musa, Ahmed Ismail Ahmed Safi, Awadelkareem Suliman Osman Khalifa, Abdalaziz Elsaid Hamad, Mohammed Osman Hassan, Heba Abdalla Noureldeen, Mohammed Eltom Elhaja, and Uttam Kumar Sahoo

Subjects
Effectiveness, gum Arabic, Kordofan, new harvesting tool, old harvesting tools, picking, Forestry, SD1-669.5
Abstract

Gum Arabic is the most important non-wood forest product of Sudan, and therefore use of a sustainable harvesting tool can significantly improve its gum quality. We conducted a study in North and West Kordofan of Sudan to assess the performance, use, and efficiency of the newly designed harvesting tool, and to understand the level of its adoption by the gum Arabic producers. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, and by group discussion involving 44 trained gum producers by a purposive selection method. Besides, we conducted another field experiment to understand the pattern of gum falling (in and out) of the new harvesting tool during collection. Descriptive statistics were applied using SPSS and Microsoft Excel. The findings of the study showed that 72.7% of respondents were happy while using the new harvesting tool, and 95.5% stated that the tool was well performed. Further, 59.1% of respondents stated that the new harvesting tool is much better than old tools and as many as 61.4% of respondents indicated that the new tool can harvest all gums in a tree. Additionally, 63.6% of the respondents mentioned it was more efficient than the traditional tools. Likewise, 88.6% of respondents stated that the new harvesting tool improved safety. Further, the results indicated a significant correlation (p ≤ 0.01) between nodules fall in harvesting tool and picking time, as well as between picking time and number of branches. The overall results indicated that the new harvesting tool is innovative in terms of ensuring safety, and reducing collection time while improving gum quality. The research recommends the replacement of the traditional tools with this new harvesting tool for sustainable gum Arabic harvesting in Sudan.

Published
2024
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29. The impact of social isolation and loneliness on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and bibliometric investigation

Author

albasheer, Osama, Abdelwahab, Siddig Ibrahim, Zaino, Mohammad R., Altraifi, Ahmed Abdallah Ahmed, Hakami, Nasser, El-Amin, Ehab I., Alshehri, Mohammed M., Alghamdi, Saeed M., Alqahtani, Abdulfattah S., Alenazi, Aqeel M., Alqahtani, Bader, Alhowimel, Ahmed, Uddin, Shadab, Khalafalla, Husam Eldin Elsawi, and Medani, Isameldin E.

Published
2024
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31. Retraction Note: Gastroprotective effect of desmosdumotin C isolated from Mitrella kentii against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal hemorrhage in rats: possible involvement of glutathione, heat-shock protein-70, sulfhydryl compounds, nitric oxide, and anti-Helicobacter pylori activity

Author

Sidahmed, Heyam Mohamed Ali, Azizan, Ainnul Hamidah Syahadah, Mohan, Syam, Abdulla, Mahmood Ameen, Abdelwahab, Siddig Ibrahim, Taha, Manal Mohamed Elhassan, Hadi, A. Hamid A., Ketuly, Kamal Aziz, Hashim, Najihah Mohd, Loke, Mun Fai, and Vadivelu, Jamuna

Published
2024
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34. Examining the impact of Omani primary school climate and teacher self-efficacy on innovative teaching practices: a structural equation modeling approach

Author

Said Alshuhumi, Dawood Al-Hidabi, Abdulmajid Aldaba, Ali Ateeq, Nasser Almuraqab, Siddig Ibrahim, and Abd Al-Aziz Al-refaei

Subjects
innovative behavior, self-efficacy, school climate, teachers, structural equation modeling, Oman, Education (General), L7-991
Abstract

PurposeThe main objective of this research is to examine the influence of Omani school organizational climate and teachers’ self-efficacy on their innovative teaching practices. Moreover, the current study aimed to test the mediating role of teachers’ self-efficacy in the relationship between the two constructs.Research methodThis study employed the cross-sectional survey method to collect data from 368 primary school teachers in Muscat employing the simple random sampling procedure. Structural equation modeling (SEM) through AMOS was utilized in two main steps: measurement model and structural model to analyze the study data.FindingsThe findings revealed a statistically significant influence of Omani school organizational climate and teachers’ self-efficacy on their innovative behavior. Moreover, teachers’ self-efficacy was found to mediate the relationship between the two variables.ImplicationsThese outcomes provide valuable insights for policymakers, urging them to consider the dimensions of school climate and teachers’ self-efficacy. Such considerations can yield positive effects on the enhancement of teachers’ innovative behavior, thereby improving the overall learning process.OriginalityIn light of these findings, the study suggests that fostering the development of school climate and teachers’ self-efficacy should be encouraged to promote innovative behavior within Omani primary schools.

Published
2025
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35. Trends and gaps in hydroxychloroquine and COVID-19 research (2020–2023): Performance and conceptual mapping

Author

Abdullah Algaissi, Manal Mohamed Elhassan Taha, Edrous Alamer, Nader Kameli, Abdulaziz Alhazmi, Nizar Khamjan, and Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab

Subjects
Hydroxychloroquine, COVID-19, Bibliometric analysis, VOSviewer, Bibliometrix, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Background: Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine (CQ) and Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are antimalarial drugs with well-known anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects used to treat various diseases, with few side effects. After COVID-19 emergence, numerous researches from around the world have examined the potential of using CQ or HCQ as potential treatment of COVID-19. However, conflicting outcomes have been found in COVID-19 clinical trials after treatment with CQ or HCQ. This study aims to evaluate research on CQ and HCQ for COVID-19 treatment and prophylaxis control using bibliometric methods. Methods: We analyzed bibliometric data on HCQ and COVID-19 (HCQ-C19) quantitatively and semantically (2020–2023) using the Scopus database VOSviewer, Bibliometrix, and MS Excel. Results: Analyses of 7471 original and conference articles revealed that the total number of publications has continually increased. The country producing the most articles in this field was the United States, followed by Italy, India, and Spain. The top-productive authors on HCQ-C19 are Mussini, C., and Raoult, D. (Italy) with 23 and 21 articles, respectively. The top-impactful organization is IHU Méditerranée Infection, France. A Bibliometrix’s network analysis based on the co-occurrence of keywords revealed the following themes HCQ-C19, including ''clinical research/practice,'' ''COVID-19,'' ''thrombosis,'' ''HCQ,'' ''epidemiology,'' and ''infectious disease.'' Conclusion: In conclusion, the analysis reveals a growing interest in HCQ-C19 research. Prominent contributions come from the United States, Italy, India, and Spain. Key themes include clinical research/practice, COVID-19, thrombosis, HCQ, epidemiology, and infectious disease. Future recommendations include conducting well-designed clinical trials and fostering collaborative interdisciplinary efforts.

Published
2025
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36. Situation analysis of gum Arabic producers associations (GAPAs) under IAMDP, Sudan

Author

Muneer Elyas Siddig Eltahir, Faisal Ismail Musa, Elmugheira Mockarram Ibrahim Mohammed, and Ahmed Abdallah Adam Mohamed

Subjects
Acacia senegal, Acacia seyal, Gum Arabic, Kordofan, And value chain, History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, AZ20-999, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

This research was conducted in 2022 in the project area covering four Sudanese states namely: North Kordofan, West Kordofan, South Kordofan, and Sinnar states. This study aims to comprehensively assess the current status of Gum Arabic Producers Associations (GAPAs) under the Integrated Agricultural and Marketing Development Project (IAMDP) in Sudan, focusing on its role in production, marketing, and service delivery. Primary data was collected through a social survey where direct interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), and observations (tapping practices, storage facilities, and other). The structured questionnaires were developed and distributed among the participants for detailed-data collection. A total of 140 communities were purposively visited and 185 group discussions were conducted. The descriptive statistics in Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) were used for data analysis. Findings indicated that 61.3% of gum Arabic producers associations (GAPAs) are engaged in tapping hashab trees, while 19.1%, 11.5%, and 3.8% focus on Talha, frankincense, and Kakamot trees, respectively. Additionally, 60% of Gum Arabic Producers (GAPs) identified Talha as their primary source of fuelwood and charcoal. Furthermore, 94% of GAPAs expressed their interest in direct export and marketing contracts, with urgent training needs for best practices and financial support. The study also revealed that 90% of non-GAPAs showed interest in joining GAPAs. Based on these findings, it is recommended to increase the training and capacity-buildings programs for GAPAs to improve adoption rate across the production, processing, and marketing value chains, while sustainably supporting the targeted GAPs and GAPAs.

Published
2025
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37. A rare neurological complication of dengue: Guillain-Barré Syndrome in a dengue fever patient

Author

Ibrahim Nagmeldin Hassan, Siddig Yaqub, Mohamed Ibrahim, Ghada Aljaili, and Nagmeldin Abuassa

Subjects
Dengue fever, Guillain-Barré Syndrome, Acute flaccid paralysis, Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), Neurological complications, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Background: Dengue fever is a common viral illness in tropical and subtropical regions, typically presenting with fever, myalgia, and hemorrhagic symptoms. While neurological complications are rare, Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is a known but uncommon sequelae of viral infections, including dengue. Case presentation: We report the case of a previously healthy 32-year-old male who developed acute flaccid paralysis secondary to GBS following a dengue fever infection. The patient initially presented with classic dengue symptoms—fever, severe headache, retro-orbital pain, and myalgia. Following resolution of the acute dengue phase, he developed ascending muscle weakness, areflexia, and numbness in both legs. Electromyography confirmed a diagnosis of GBS, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed albuminocytologic dissociation. The patient was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), leading to significant clinical improvement, with gradual recovery of motor function. Discussion: This case highlights the rare but significant neurological complication of GBS following dengue fever. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for GBS in patients recovering from dengue, especially in endemic regions. Early diagnosis and treatment with IVIG or plasmapheresis are critical for improving outcomes in these patients. Conclusion: Dengue fever can lead to severe neurological sequelae such as GBS, and early recognition and intervention can prevent long-term disability. This case underscores the need for vigilance in identifying such complications in patients recovering from viral infections.

Published
2025
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38. Comprehensive management of actinomycetoma in a young male: A case report from Somalia

Author

Mohamed Adam Mahamud, Claude M. Muvunyi, Ayman Ahmed, and Emmanuel Edwar Siddig

Subjects
Actinomycetoma, Neglected tropical disease, Cervical mass, Fine needle aspiration, Diagnosis, Somalia, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Mycetoma is a neglected tropical disease that predominantly affects individuals in low socioeconomic strata, primarily in tropical and subtropical regions. This case report describes a 20-year-old male student from Bahdo City, Somalia, who presented with a persistent cervical mass following a history of trauma. The patient exhibited vital signs within normal limits, and imaging studies, including ultrasound and computed tomography, revealed well-defined cystic masses. A Fine Needle Aspiration cytology confirmed the diagnosis of actinomycetoma by revealing sheets of neutrophils, multinucleated giant cells, and branching filamentous bacteria structures. The patient was treated with co-trimoxazole and amikacin, resulting in significant improvement after three months, highlighting the critical role of early diagnosis and appropriate medical management in enhancing patient outcomes. This report emphasizes the importance of thorough clinical evaluation and the use of cytological methods, particularly in resource-limited settings, to expedite the diagnosis and treatment of actinomycetoma.

Published
2025
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39. Monkeypox Global Research: A Comprehensive Analysis from Emergence to Present (1961-2023) for innovative prevention and control approaches

Author

Nader Kameli, Abdullah Algaissi, Manal Mohamed Elhassan Taha, Edrous Alamer, Abdulaziz Alhazmi, Waleed Hakami, Badreldin S. Rahama, Anwar M. Hashem, and Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab

Subjects
Bibliometrics, Knowloedge structure and dynamics, Monkeypox, VOSviewer program, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

The current study aims to identify research hotspots and trends in Monkeypox (MPX). A total of 2655 MPX-related articles published from 1961 to 2023 were extracted from the Scopus database. Data were analyzed using Scopus Analytics, Microsoft Excel, Bibliometrix, and VOSviewer. The number of MPX papers has been increasing annually, particularly since the most recent outbreak. The United States and India have been productive in this area. The most cited and productive scholar in the field is Inger K. Damon. The MPX research theme map shows clusters with various centralities and densities, focusing on deep learning, molecular docking, and orthopoxviruses. Over the last decade, key terms include ''transmission,'' ''pandemic,'' ''deep learning,'' ''docking,'' ''Democratic Republic of Congo,'' ''Ebola,'' ''virulence,'' ''modified vaccinia Ankara,'' and ''orthopoxvirus.'' Researchers can utilize existing findings to steer future research on this illness, prepare for potential pandemics, and address bioterrorist threats.

Published
2025
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40. Two dose levels of once-weekly fosravuconazole versus daily itraconazole in combination with surgery in patients with eumycetoma in Sudan: a randomised, double-blind, phase 2, proof-of-concept superiority trial

Author

Fahal, Ahmed H, Ahmed, Eiman Siddig, Bakhiet, Sahar Mubarak, Bakhiet, Osama Elhadi, Fahal, Lamis Ahmed, Mohamed, Abubakar Ahmed, Mohamedelamin, El Semani Widaa, Bahar, Mustafa El Nour, Attalla, Hadil Yassir, Siddig, Emmanuel Edwar, Mhmoud, Najwa A, Musa, Ahmed Mudawi, van de Sande, Wendy W J, Scherrer, Bruno, Oyieko, Peelen, Egondi, Thaddaeus W, Onyango, Kevin O, Hata, Katsura, Chu, Wan-Yu, Dorlo, Thomas P C, Brüggemann, Roger J, Nyaoke, Borna A, Strub-Wourgaft, Nathalie, and Zijlstra, Eduard E

Published
2024
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43. Teledentistry in the Time of Conflict in Sudan

Author

Reem Esam Siddig, Afaf Mohammed Hammad, and Elhadi Moheildin Awooda

Subjects
teledentistry, conflict, oral health, dentists, war, sudan, Medicine
Abstract

Abstract Background: The War in Sudan between the Sudanese armed forces and rapid support forces has left undeniable impacts on the healthcare system which is already compromised by decades of neglect. Hospitals were bombed or occupied by conflict parties. Healthcare providers were killed or assaulted, citizens were forced to displace, and access to healthcare was impaired in many cities. Teledentistry is a modern and promising way to provide dental consultations. It is an easy, safe, and affordable solution for both patients and dental personnel in times like war. This short communication aims to urge the need to implement teledentistry to facilitate access to dental services during the current conflict in Sudan. Methods: This article discusses teledentistry, which according to the American Teledentistry Association (ADA) is the use of electronic information, imaging, and communication technologies, such as audio, video, and data communications for oral care delivery, diagnosis, consultation, treatment, and education. The healthcare system in Sudan is currently facing many challenges such as a lack of healthcare providers, economic crisis, inability to access dental health centers, and political instability. The application of teledentistry will facilitate access to oral healthcare and provide optimum solutions during the current conflict in Sudan. Conclusion: Implementation of teledentistry during military conflicts is a golden solution for both patients and dental care providers as it is a time-saving, cost-effective, safe, and quick way to access oral healthcare services.

Published
2024
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44. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of bark and fruit extracts of Faidherbia albida (Delile) A. Chev: A perspective from bio-prospecting assays to scientometric approach

Author

Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab, Manal Mohamed Elhassan Taha, Adel S. Al-Zubairi, Ahmad Syahida, Lee KaHeng, Putri Narrima, Rozana Othman, Hassan Ahmad Alfaifi, and Amal Hamdan Alzahrani

Subjects
antioxidants, bibliometrics, faidherbia albida, functional foods, nitric oxide, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Faidherbia albida (Delile) A. Chev, a type of tree in the Leguminosae family, has several traditional uses. This study investigates the antioxidant properties, phenolic and flavonoid contents, nitric acid modulatory effects, and cytotoxicity of methanolic and chloroform extracts of the bark and fruits of Faidherbia albida. Various assays were performed to evaluate the antioxidant properties of the extracts, including the Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl3 tests, the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), the purple diphenyl picrylhydrazine (DPPH) scavenging ability, and the Ferric Reducing/Antioxidant Power (FRAP). The ability of the extracts to modulate the production of nitric oxide (NO) was assessed, and the cytotoxicity of the extracts was evaluated in cultured cells. Additionally, a bibliometric analysis was performed on related research documents. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the extracts in cultivated RAW 264.7 cells. A bibliometric analysis of 362 research documents related to F. albida published since 1913 was performed to understand the current state of knowledge to identify areas for further research using bibliometric computer packages. The results showed that the bark methanolic extract had the highest phenolic content, while the chloroform extract of the fruits had the highest flavonoid content. The chloroform extract of the fruits exhibited the highest inhibition of NO production. The extracts exhibited low cytotoxicity. The methanolic extract of the bark exhibited the strongest radical scavenging activities for FRAP and DPPH. The ORAC assay revealed that the antioxidant capacity of the methanolic extract of the fruits and the chloroform extract of the bark were approximately four times greater than that of quercetin, which is a known antioxidant compound. F. albida exhibits a significant antioxidant activity, which is influenced by both solvent polarity and specific botanical components.

Published
2024
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45. Risk of acute coronary syndrome and relationship with the use of khat and tobacco products in the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia: A prospective case-control study

Author

Rashad Alsanosy, Mohamed Salih Mahfouz, Abdulelah Mohammed Arishi, Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab, Manal Taha, Osama Albasheer, Hasan Mohammed Daghriri, Khalid Ahmed Majrashi, Abdullah Farasani, Ahmed A. A. Altraifi, Isameldin E. Medani, and Nasser Hakami

Subjects
acute coronary syndrome, khat chewing, tobacco, risk factors, saudi arabia, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Introduction Previous studies have identified several risk factors for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study was intended to examine the potential risk of ACS associated with khat and tobacco use. Methods A case-control study of 344 people (172 cases and 172 controls) was conducted at Prince Mohammed Bin Nasser Hospital in Jazan, Saudi Arabia, from April to September 2019. The cases and controls were matched for age (±5 years) and gender. Data were analyzed using descriptive, inferential, and modeling analyses. We utilized the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) to express the results. Results The prevalence of ever khat chewing among all study participants was 29.1%, significantly higher for the cases with ACS than for the control group (43.6% vs 14.5%, p 0.05). In the final model, tobacco use was more likely to be reported among cases with myocardial infarction (MI) (AOR=4.58; 95% CI: 1.01–4.73, p

Published
2024
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47. CNN-Based Detection of Welding Crack Defects in Radiographic Non-Destructive Testing

Author

AlShareef, Abdulmalik Mohammed, Alnowaimi, Majdi, Siddig, Mohammed, Chaari, Fakher, Series Editor, Gherardini, Francesco, Series Editor, Ivanov, Vitalii, Series Editor, Haddar, Mohamed, Series Editor, Cavas-Martínez, Francisco, Editorial Board Member, di Mare, Francesca, Editorial Board Member, Kwon, Young W., Editorial Board Member, Tolio, Tullio A. M., Editorial Board Member, Trojanowska, Justyna, Editorial Board Member, Schmitt, Robert, Editorial Board Member, Xu, Jinyang, Editorial Board Member, Shams, Afaque, editor, Al-Athel, Khaled, editor, Tiselj, Iztok, editor, Pautz, Andreas, editor, and Kwiatkowski, Tomasz, editor

Published
2024
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48. Simulation Study on X-Ray Radiographic Testing of Welds

Author

Mousa, Tariq, Taha, Eslam, Alnadwi, Fuad, Siddig, Mohammed, Banoqitah, Essam, Chaari, Fakher, Series Editor, Gherardini, Francesco, Series Editor, Ivanov, Vitalii, Series Editor, Haddar, Mohamed, Series Editor, Cavas-Martínez, Francisco, Editorial Board Member, di Mare, Francesca, Editorial Board Member, Kwon, Young W., Editorial Board Member, Tolio, Tullio A. M., Editorial Board Member, Trojanowska, Justyna, Editorial Board Member, Schmitt, Robert, Editorial Board Member, Xu, Jinyang, Editorial Board Member, Shams, Afaque, editor, Al-Athel, Khaled, editor, Tiselj, Iztok, editor, Pautz, Andreas, editor, and Kwiatkowski, Tomasz, editor

Published
2024
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49. Global, regional, and national prevalence of adult overweight and obesity, 1990–2021, with forecasts to 2050: a forecasting study for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author

Ng, Marie, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Lo, Justin, Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Nasir, Abbasian, Mohammadreza, Abd ElHafeez, Samar, Abdel-Rahman, Wael M, Abd-Elsalam, Sherief, Abdollahi, Arash, Abdoun, Meriem, Abdulah, Deldar Morad, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abdullahi, Auwal, Abedi, Armita, Abeywickrama, Hansani Madushika, Abie, Alemwork, Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Abohashem, Shady, Abtahi, Dariush, Abualruz, Hasan, Abubakar, Bilyaminu, Abu Farha, Rana Kamal, Abukhadijah, Hana J, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Aburuz, Salahdein, Abu-Zaid, Ahmed, Adams, Lisa C, Adane, Mesafint Molla, Addo, Isaac Yeboah, Adedokun, Kamoru Ademola, Adegoke, Nurudeen A, Adepoju, Abiola Victor Victor, Adesola, Ridwan Olamilekan, Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther, Adiga, Usha, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Afaghi, Siamak, Afzal, Saira, Afzal, Muhammad Sohail, Agampodi, Thilini Chanchala, Aghamiri, Shahin, Agostinis Sobrinho, César, Agyemang-Duah, Williams, Ahlstrom, Austin J, Ahmad, Danish, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmad, Aqeel, Ahmad, Muayyad M, Ahmad, Fuzail, Ahmad, Noah, Ahmed, Haroon, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed, Ayman, Ahmed, Meqdad Saleh, Ahmed, Mehrunnisha Sharif, Ahmed, Syed Anees, Ajami, Marjan, Akhtar, Samina, Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed, Akrami, Ashley E, Alalwan, Tariq A, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Al-amer, Rasmieh Mustafa, Alansari, Amani, Al-Ashwal, Fahmi Y, Albashtawy, Mohammed, Aldhaleei, Wafa A, Alemayehu, Bezawit Abeje, Algammal, Abdelazeem M, Alhabib, Khalid F, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz, Alhuwail, Dari, Ali, Rafat, Ali, Abid, Ali, Waad, Ali, Mohammed Usman, Alif, Sheikh Mohammad, Al-Jabi, Samah W, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkhatib, Ahmad, Al-Marwani, Sabah, Alomari, Mahmoud A, Alqahtani, Saleh A, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M Mohammad, Alrawashdeh, Ahmad, Alrimawi, Intima, Alrousan, Sahel Majed, Alshahrani, Najim Z, Al Ta'ani, Omar, Al Ta'ani, Zain, Altaany, Zaid, Altaf, Awais, Al Thaher, Yazan, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Al-Wardat, Mohammad, Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed, Aly, Safwat, Aly, Hany, Alzahrani, Hosam, Alzoubi, Abdallah, Alzoubi, Karem H, Al-Zubayer, Md. Akib, Amiri, Sohrab, Amu, Hubert, Amugsi, Dickson A, Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi, Ananda, Roshan A, Ancuceanu, Robert, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansari, Sumbul, Ansari, Mohammed Tahir, Antony, Catherine M, Anuoluwa, Iyadunni Adesola, Anuoluwa, Boluwatife Stephen, Anvari, Saeid, Anwar, Saleha, Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward, Apostol, Geminn Louis Carace, Arab, Juan Pablo, Arabloo, Jalal, Arafat, Mosab, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, Areda, Demelash, Arifin, Hidayat, Arkew, Mesay, Armocida, Benedetta, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arooj, Mahwish, Artamonov, Anton A, Artanti, Kurnia Dwi, Arumugam, Ashokan, Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad, Ashraf, Tahira, Asiamah-Asare, Bernard Kwadwo Yeboah, Asrat, Anemaw A, Astell-Burt, Thomas, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atorkey, Prince, Atreya, Alok, Aumoldaeva, Zaure Maratovna, Awad, Hamzeh, Awoke, Mamaru Ayenew, Awotidebe, Adedapo Wasiu, Aychiluhm, Setognal Birara, Azargoonjahromi, Ali, Azimi, Amirali, Aziz, Sadat Abdulla, Aziz, Shahkaar, Azzam, Ahmed Y., Azzolino, Domenico, Azzopardi, Peter S, Babashahi, Mina, Babu, Giridhara Rathnaiah, Badiye, Ashish D, Bagheri, Nasser, Bahurupi, Yogesh, Bai, Ruhai, Baig, Atif Amin, Bakkannavar, Shankar M, Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar, Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin, Bam, Kiran, Banach, Maciej, Banik, Rajon, Bardhan, Mainak, Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat, Barquera, Simon, Barua, Lingkan, Basharat, Zarrin, Bashir, Shahid, Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi, Basu, Saurav, Bayat, Reza, Bayih, Mulat Tirfie, Beeraka, Narasimha M, Begum, Tahmina, Bello, Umar Muhammad, Bello, Abdulrahman Babatunde, Belo, Luis, Bensenor, Isabela M, Bergami, Maria, Berhe, Kidanemaryam, Berihun, Abiye Assefa, Bhadoria, Ajeet Singh, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhalla, Jaideep Singh, Bharadwaj, Ravi, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhardwaj, Nikha, Bhaskar, Sonu, Bhat, Ajay Nagesh, Bhattacharjee, Priyadarshini, Bhattacharjee, Shuvarthi, Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh, Bhatti, Gurjit Kaur, Bikov, Andras, Bilgin, Cem, Bisignano, Catherine, Biswas, Bijit, Bizzozero Peroni, Bruno, Bjertness, Espen, Bjørge, Tone, Bolla, Srinivasa Rao, Borhany, Hamed, Bosoka, Samuel Adolf, Bouaoud, Souad, Boyko, Edward J, Braithwaite, Dejana, Brazo-Sayavera, Javier, Brenner, Hermann, Britton, Gabrielle, Bryazka, Dana, Bugiardini, Raffaele, Bui, Linh Phuong, Busch, Felix, Bustanji, Yasser, Butt, Nadeem Shafique, Butt, Zahid A, Calina, Daniela, Campos, Luciana Aparecida, Campos-Nonato, Ismael, Cao, Si, Cao, Yin, Capodici, Angelo, Carvalho, Andre F, Carvalho, Márcia, Catapano, Alberico L, Cattafesta, Monica, Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia, Cegolon, Luca, Cembranel, Francieli, Cenko, Edina, Cerin, Ester, Cernigliaro, Achille, Chadwick, Joshua, Chakraborty, Chiranjib, Chan, Raymond N C, Chang, Jung-Chen, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chaudhary, Anis Ahmad, Chaurasia, Akhilanand, Chen, Guangjin, Chen, An-Tian, Chen, Haowei, Cheng, Esther T W, Chew, Nicholas WS, Chi, Gerald, Chimoriya, Ritesh, Ching, Patrick R, Choi, Dong-Woo, Chong, Bryan, Chopra, Hitesh, Chopra, Shivani, Chou, Hou In, Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Chung, Sunghyun, Chung, Sheng-Chia, Chutiyami, Muhammad, Cini, Karly I, Cioffi, Iolanda, Cogen, Rebecca M, Collado-Mateo, Daniel, Columbus, Alyssa, Conrad, Nathalie, Criqui, Michael H, Cruz-Martins, Natalia, Cummins, Steven, D'Amico, Emanuele, D'Anna, Lucio, D'Oria, Mario, Dadras, Omid, Dai, Xiaochen, Dalakoti, Mayank, Dandona, Rakhi, Dandona, Lalit, Danpanichkul, Pojsakorn, Darcho, Samuel Demissie, Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani, Reza, da Silva, Alanna Gomes, Davletov, Kairat, Delgado-Enciso, Ivan, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Derbew Molla, Meseret, Dergaa, Ismail, Desale, Aragaw Tesfaw, Devanbu, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan, Devegowda, Devananda, Dewan, Syed Masudur Rahman, Dhali, Arkadeep, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Dhimal, Meghnath, Dhungel, Bibha, Diaz, Daniel, Dinu, Monica, Dodangeh, Milad, Dohare, Sushil, Dokova, Klara Georgieva, Dolatkhah, Neda, do Prado, Camila Bruneli, Dorostkar, Fariba, Doshi, Ojas Prakashbhai, Doshi, Rajkumar Prakashbhai, Dowou, Robert Kokou, Dsouza, Viola Savy, Du, Mi, Dumith, Samuel C, Dumuid, Dorothea, Duncan, Bruce B, Dutta, Sulagna, Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian, Ebrahimi, Alireza, Eftekhari, Behrad, Eighaei Sedeh, Ashkan, Ekholuenetale, Michael, Eladl, Mohamed Ahmed, El Arab, Rabie Adel, El-Ashker, Said, Elbarazi, Iffat, El Bayoumy, Ibrahim Farahat, Elgendy, Islam Y, Elhadi, Muhammed, El-Huneidi, Waseem, El-Metwally, Ashraf A, Elmonem, Mohamed A, Elnaem, Mohamed Hassan, Elsheikh, Randa, Elsohaby, Ibrahim, Eltaha, Chadi, Emeto, Theophilus I, Eslami, Maysa, Eze, Ugochukwu Anthony, Fadavian, Heidar, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis, Fakhradiyev, Ildar Ravisovich, Faraji, Seyed Nooreddin, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sá, Faris, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud, Farooque, Umar, Farrokhpour, Hossein, Fasusi, Samuel Aanuoluwapo, Fazeli, Patrick, Fazylov, Timur, Feizkhah, Alireza, Fekadu, Ginenus, Feng, Xiaoqi, Fernandes, João C, Fernandez-Jimenez, Rodrigo, Ferreira, Nuno, Feyisa, Bikila Regassa, Fischer, Florian, Flood, David, Foigt, Nataliya A, Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich, Foroumadi, Roham, Fortuna Rodrigues, Celia, Foschi, Matteo, Fotouhi, Maryam, Francis, Kate Louise, Franklin, Richard Charles, Gába, Aleš, Gadanya, Muktar A, Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji, Galali, Yaseen, Gallus, Silvano, Ganesan, Balasankar, Gangachannaiah, Shivaprakash, Gastélum Espinoza, Wendy Paola, Gebregergis, Miglas Welay, Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru, Getacher, Lemma, Ghadirian, Fataneh, Ghaffari Jolfayi, Amir, Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi, Ghazy, Ramy Mohamed, Gil, Artyom Urievich, Gill, Tiffany K, Gnedovskaya, Elena V, Golechha, Mahaveer, Golinelli, Davide, Grivna, Michal, Grover, Ashna, Guan, Zhongyang, Guan, Shi-Yang, Guarducci, Giovanni, Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, Guha, Avirup, Gunawardane, Damitha Asanga, Guo, Zheng, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Anish Kumar, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Sapna, Gupta, Vivek Kumar, Gutiérrez-Murillo, Roberth Steven, Guzman-Esquivel, Jose, Hadi, Najah R, Hadian, Zahra, Hamdy, Nadia M, Hameed, Sajid, Hamidi, Samer, Hamiduzzaman, Mohammad, Hanif, Asif, Hanifi, Nasrin, Hankey, Graeme J, Haq, Allie, Harlianto, Netanja I, Haro, Josep Maria, Hartono, Risky Kusuma, Hasan, Faizul, Hashempur, Mohammad Hashem, Hasnain, Md Saquib, Hassan, Amr, Hassan, Nageeb, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hassanzade Rad, Afagh, Havmoeller, Rasmus J, Hay, Simon I, He, Wen-Qiang, Hebert, Jeffrey J, Heidari, Golnaz, Hemmati, Mehdi, Hiraike, Yuta, Hoan, Nguyen Quoc, Hoang, Mai, Holla, Ramesh, Hoogar, Praveen, Hopkins, Ashley Mark, Hossain, Alamgir, Hosseinzadeh, Hassan, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Htay, Zin Wai, Hu, Chengxi, Huang, Junjie, Hundie, Tsegaye Gebreyes, Husseiny, Mohamed Ibrahim, Huynh, Hong-Han, Iavicoli, Ivo, Ibrayeva, Anel, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M, Ilic, Milena D, Imam, Mohammad Tarique, Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja, Inok, Arit, Irham, Lalu Muhammad, Islam, Md. 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Zheng, David X, Zheng, Peng, Zhong, Anthony, Zhong, Claire Chenwen, Zhou, Jiayan, Zhu, Bin, Zhumagaliuly, Abzal, Zielińska, Magdalena, Zoghi, Ghazal, Zou, Zhiyong, Zweck, Elric, Zyoud, Sa'ed H, Murray, Christopher J L, Sawyer, Susan M, and Vollset, Stein Emil

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2025
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50. Global, regional, and national prevalence of child and adolescent overweight and obesity, 1990–2021, with forecasts to 2050: a forecasting study for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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Kerr, Jessica A, Patton, George C, Cini, Karly I, Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis, Abbas, Nasir, Abd Al Magied, Abdallah H A, Abd ElHafeez, Samar, Abd-Elsalam, Sherief, Abdollahi, Arash, Abdoun, Meriem, Abdulah, Deldar Morad, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abdullahi, Auwal, Abeywickrama, Hansani Madushika, Abie, Alemwork, Abiodun, Olumide, Abohashem, Shady, Abtahi, Dariush, Abualruz, Hasan, Abubakar, Bilyaminu, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Abukhadijah, Hana J, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Aburuz, Salahdein, Abu-Zaid, Ahmed, Adams, Lisa C., Adane, Mesafint Molla, Addo, Isaac Yeboah, Adedokun, Kamoru Ademola, Adegoke, Nurudeen A, Adesola, Ridwan Olamilekan, Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi, Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther, Adiga, Usha, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Afify, Abdelrahman Yousry, Afolabi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika, Afzal, Muhammad Sohail, Afzal, Saira, Agampodi, Suneth Buddhika, Aghamiri, Shahin, Agostinis Sobrinho, César, Agyemang-Duah, Williams, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahlstrom, Austin J, Ahmad, Aqeel, Ahmad, Danish, Ahmad, Fuzail, Ahmad, Muayyad M, Ahmad, Noah, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmed, Ayman, Ahmed, Haroon, Ahmed, Luai A, Ahmed, Mehrunnisha Sharif, Ahmed, Meqdad Saleh, Ahmed, Syed Anees, Ajami, Marjan, Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed, Akrami, Ashley E, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz, Al Ta'ani, Zain, Al Thaher, Yazan, Alalwan, Tariq A, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Al-amer, Rasmieh Mustafa, Alansari, Amani, Al-Ashwal, Fahmi Y., Albashtawy, Mohammed, Alemayehu, Bezawit Abeje, Algammal, Abdelazeem M, Alhabib, Khalid F, Alhuwail, Dari, Ali, Abid, Ali, Endale Alemayehu, Ali, Mohammad Daud, Ali, Mohammed Usman, Ali, Rafat, Ali, Waad, Alif, Sheikh Mohammad, Alimohamadi, Yousef, Al-Jabi, Samah W, Aljofan, Mohamad, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkhatib, Ahmad, Almahmeed, Wael, Al-Marwani, Sabah, Alomari, Mahmoud A, Alqahtani, Saleh A, Alqarni, Abdullah A, Alrawashdeh, Ahmad, Alrimawi, Intima, Alrousan, Sahel Majed, Alshahrani, Najim Z, Altaany, Zaid, Altaf, Awais, Alvi, Farrukh Jawad, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Al-Wardat, Mohammad, Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed, Aly, Hany, Aly, Safwat, Alzoubi, Karem H, Aman Mohammadi, Masoud, Amera, Tewodros Getnet, Amiri, Sohrab, Amu, Hubert, Amugsi, Dickson A, Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi, Ananda, Roshan A, Ancuceanu, Robert, Ansari, Mohammed Tahir, Ansari, Sumbul, Anuoluwa, Boluwatife Stephen, Anuoluwa, Iyadunni Adesola, Anvari, Saeid, Anwar, Sumadi Lukman, Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward, Arab, Juan Pablo, Arabloo, Jalal, Arafat, Mosab, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, Areda, Demelash, Aregawi, Brhane Berhe, Arifin, Hidayat, Armocida, Benedetta, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arooj, Mahwish, Arora, Amit, Artamonov, Anton A, Artanti, Kurnia Dwi, Arumugam, Ashokan, Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad, Ashraf, Tahira, Asiamah-Asare, Bernard Kwadwo Yeboah, Astell-Burt, Thomas, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atorkey, Prince, Atreya, Alok, Aumoldaeva, Zaure Maratovna, Awoke, Mamaru Ayenew, Awotidebe, Adedapo Wasiu, Aychiluhm, Setognal Birara, Azimi, Amirali, Aziz, Sadat Abdulla, Aziz, Shahkaar, Azzam, Ahmed Y., Azzolino, Domenico, Babashahi, Mina, Babu, Giridhara Rathnaiah, Badran, Alaa Aboelnour, Bagheri, Nasser, Bai, Ruhai, Baig, Atif Amin, Bakkannavar, Shankar M, Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar, Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin, Bam, Kiran, Banik, Rajon, Barati, Shirin, Bardhan, Mainak, Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat, Barquera, Simon, Barrow, Amadou, Barua, Lingkan, Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi, Basu, Saurav, Bayat, Reza, Bayih, Mulat Tirfie, Bayleyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew, Beeraka, Narasimha M, Behera, Priyamadhaba, Bejarano Ramirez, Diana Fernanda, Bello, Umar Muhammad, Belo, Luis, Bennett, Derrick A, Bergami, Maria, Berhe, Kidanemaryam, Berihun, Abiye Assefa, Bhadoria, Ajeet Singh, Bhala, Neeraj, Bharadwaj, Ravi, Bhardwaj, Nikha, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhaskar, Sonu, Bhat, Ajay Nagesh, Bhattacharjee, Priyadarshini, Bhatti, Gurjit Kaur, Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh, Bilgin, Cem, Bisignano, Catherine, Biswas, Bijit, Bizzozero Peroni, Bruno, Bjertness, Espen, Bjørge, Tone, Boloor, Archith, Boppana, Sri 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