Search

This study was designed to compare the efficiency of using conventional acupuncture (CA) and electroacupuncture (EA) in the laminitis therapy in race horses, twenty adult race horses with laminitis were randomly selected. Clinical examination was carried out and acupuncture points were determined according to the results of diagnostic palpation of acupuncture. The horses were grouped into two equal groups; the 1st group was treated daily for 6 consecutive weeks, with CA and the 2nd group with EA. evaluation of lameness was depended on the visual and objective examination using the “American Association of Equine Practitioners” (AAEP) lameness scale and confidence stride lengths criterion for forelimbs which performed by the force plate indices. The lameness level was statistically analyzed applying t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank analysis and p-value (P

Projektets avsikt har varit att undersöka i vilken omfattning solceller på tak kan gynna Västfastigheters energimål. Examensarbetet infördes av Västfastigheter i Borås då de har ett energimål till år 2030, vilket är att halvera den specifika köpta energi jämfört med motsvarande värden från 1995-talet. Syftet med detta arbete var att ge Västfastigheter ett skriftligt underlag om huruvida appliceringen av solceller på ett tak ger en vinst inom energitekniska och ekonomiska perspektiv samt vilka risker som kan förekomma, speciellt när det handlar om medicinsk verksamhet. Huvudmålet med examensarbetet har varit att undersöka, med hjälp av litteraturstudier och beräkningar om användningen av solceller kan minska Södra Älvsborg Sjukhusets (som förvaltas av Västfastigheter) specifik köpta elenergin genom att mata solcellsproduktionen direkt på nätet (fall 1) eller att ladda batteribanken i UPS-anläggningen för byggnad 14 för att undergå växelriktarens förluster (fall 2). Resultatet i fall 1 visar att en solcellsanläggning skulle kunna producera cirka 82 MWh per år i Borås medan den totala elkonsumtionen för byggnad 14 är idag 1 252 MWh. Det visar sig att solcellsproduktionen endast täcker 6,5 % av totala elkonsumtionen. Detta resulterar med att större takyta krävs vilket i sin tur skapar en större anläggning för att täcka en större del av elkonsumtionen för varje månad på året. Resultatet från fall 2 säger att ladda batteripaketet med solcellsproduktionen genom UPSanläggningens likspänningssida inte blir en lämplig lösning på grund av att funktionen hos en UPS-anläggning är att batterierna alltid ska vara full laddade för att de ska kunna träda in i händelse av ett strömavbrott. En utredning om hur stor effektförlusterna i UPS-anläggningen i byggnad 14 (se bilaga 6) är, och hur stor andel av denna som solcellsanläggningen kan täcka togs därför som ett alternativ till uppdraget som Västfastigheter gav i uppdrag. Mätningar på den momentana ingående och utgående effekten i UPS-anläggningen för byggnad 14 resulterade med en förlust på totalt 5 kW vilket motsvarade 3 600 kWh per månad då dygnsvariationen inte är lika stor på UPS-nätet som övriga elförbrukningen. Figur 13 visar att förlusten kan ersättas med stor marginal med överskottsel alla månader förutom januari, februari, november och december. Men på grund av mycket elöverskott under sommar månaderna så får man igen energin och kostnaderna för månaderna som kompenserades med köpt el energi. Den ekonomiska kalkylen säger att återbetalningstiden blir 12,5 år och därefter blir solcellsanläggningen ekonomisk lönsam. Dock så hinner anläggningen i självaverket inte generera inköpsfri elenergi under åren tills 2031 om anläggningen tas i drift år 2019 då Västfastigheters energimål var satt till år 2030. The thesis work was introduced by Västfastgheter in Borås since they had an energy goal to accomplish, which is to reduce the specific purchased energy by half compared to 1970 years values. The purpose of this project was to examine if the photovoltaic cells will service the energy goal of Västfastigheter. The purpose of this work was also to give the Västfastigheter a proof that the application of photovoltaic cells on a roof can give a profit in terms of technological and economical energy perspectives as well as the risks that may occur especially when it comes to medical occupation. The main objective of this project was to use the studies, theories and calculations to investigate if the solar cells have the potential to reduce the Södra Älvsborg Hospital's (managed by Västfastigheter) specific purchased electricity by feeding the solar cell production directly on the main powerline (case 1) or charging the battery bank in the UPS building for building 14 (case 2). The result in case 1 shows that the solar cell system produces about 82 MWh per year in Borås while the total electricity consumption for building 14 is 1 252 MWh today. It turns out that solar cell total production only covers 6.5% of electricity consumption. This indicates that larger roof space is required, which in turn creates a larger facility to cover a larger proportion of electricity consumption for each month of the year. However, the profitability calculation and the repayment time are not affected The result of Case 2 shows that charging the battery pack with the solar cell production through the DC-power side of the UPS system does not result in an appropriate solution because the function of a UPS system is that the batteries should always be fully charged to enable them to enter in the event of a power failure. An investigation of how much power loss UPS machines in building 14 (see Appendix 6) have and how much of this solar cell facility can cover was therefore taken as an alternative to the assignment that Västfastigheter commissioned. Measurements of the instantaneous input and output power of the UPS building for Building 14 resulted in a loss of a total of 5 kW, which corresponded to 3 600 kWh for each month constant as the daily variation is not as high on the UPS network as the electricity consumption. Figure 13 shows that the loss can be replaced by large margin surpluses every month except January, February, November and December. But due to a lot of surplus in the summer months, you get the energy and costs for the months that were compensated with purchased electricity. The final Economic calculations say that the repayment period will be 12.5 years and after that, the solar cell system will be economically profitable. However, the photovoltaic plant in the company itself will not generate unprocessed electricity energy over the years until 2031 if the solar cell facility will start producing electricity from year 2019 when the Västfastigheters energy goal were set by 2030.

Objective To determine whether abnormal EEG and neuroimaging are to be considered as valuable predictors for intractable epilepsy and to identify such electroencephalographic and radiological abnormalities associated with medical intractability in children with epilepsy. Methods All children who had a diagnosis of epilepsy in Hamad general hospital before age 5 years from January 2012 till December 2013 were studied; their EEG and neuroimaging results were evaluated and assessed in regard to their long-term epilepsy control. Results Around 90% of children fulfilling diagnosis of intractable epilepsy were below 3 years of age. Male to female ratio was 2:3. 67% of patients cohort had initial abnormal neuro-imaging. More than 70% had abnormal EEG at begining of their illness. Conclusion Early observation and looking for the risk factors for intractable epilepsy may decrease the cost for health care utilization. Medical intractability in childhood epilepsy can be predicted by monitoring these factors, among these factors are: Diagnosis before age 12 months, Abnormal neuroimaging including congenital brain anomalies and acquired insult fallowing asphyxia and traumatic brain injury, and abnormal initial EEG including multifocal spike and wave and abnormal background

1. Strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors are primarily localized in the brainstem and spinal cord where they are the major mediators of postsynaptic inhibition. A compound which acts functionally like a glycine receptor agonist would be potentially useful as a pharmacological tool and as a therapeutic agent for treating disorders of glycinergic transmission. 2. MDL 27,531 (4-methyl-3-methylsulphonyl-5-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole) blocked strychnine-induced tonic extensor seizures in mice following either intraperitoneal (ED50 = 12.8 mg kg-1; 30 min) or oral (ED50 = 7.3 mg kg-1; 30 min) administration. Time course studies revealed a maximal effect at 30-60 min, though significant activity was still seen after 24 h. 3. MDL 27,531 was selective in antagonizing strychnine seizures and little or no activity was seen against seizures produced by other chemical convulsants (bicuculline; quinolinic acid; mercaptopropionic acid); by electrical stimuli (maximal electroshock); or by sensory stimuli (audiogenic seizure susceptible mice). MDL 27,531 blocked pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures with an ED50 = 55 mg kg-1. This profile differed from those of the anticonvulsants diazepam, valproic acid, and diphenylhydantoin. 4. The antagonism of strychnine seizures by MDL 27,531 occurred at doses that did not produce signs of sedation (suppression of spontaneous motor activity), motor ataxia (disruption of rotarod performance), muscle relaxation (inhibition of morphine-induced Straub tail), or CNS depression (potentiation of hexobarbitone sleep time). MDL 27,531 had less side effect potential (as derived from ratios obtained from the above measures) relative to those of the known muscle relaxants diazepam and baclofen. 5. Although MDL 27,531 behaved functionally like a selective agonist at the strychnine-sensitive glycine receptor, the compound did not alter the in vitro binding of [3H]-strychnine to mice brainstem/spinal cord membranes at concentrations of up to 100 microM. In further in vitro binding assays, MDL 27,531 at concentrations of up to 100 microM, did not displace the binding of [3H]-muscimol, [3H]-flunitrazepam, or["S]-t-butylbicyclophosphorthionate to rat cortical membranes. These ligands bind to the 7y-aminobutyric acid (GABA), benzodiazepine, and picrotoxin-convulsant binding sites, respectively.6. MDL 27,531 (10-100mgkg-', i.p.) enhanced binding of the benzodiazepine antagonist [3H]-Ro15-1788 to mouse cerebral cortex in vivo without directly affecting GABA levels.7. Ro 15-1788 (16, 32 mg kg-') significantly blocked the MDL 27,531 antagonism of strychnineinduced seizures, though this antagonism was not competitive. The same doses of Ro 15-1788 produced parallel rightward shifts in the dose-response curves for diazepam inhibition of pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures, consistent with a competitive antagonism.8. Thus, MDL 27,531 acts functionally like an agonist at the strychnine-sensitive glycine receptor in its capacity to reverse selectively strychnine-induced seizures. Though the precise mechanism of action of MDL 27,531 is unknown, MDL 27,531 may act at an allosteric site on the strychnine-sensitive receptor which produces agonist-like activity.

The effect of DL-alpha methyltyrosine (α-MT), 6-hydroxydopa (6-OH DOPA), haloperidol, phenoxybenzamine and propranolol on the stimulant activity of the anorexigenic agents (3′,4′-dichloro-2-)2-imidazolin-2-yl-thio)-acetophenone HBr) (DITA) and d-amphetamine was studied in male mice. The pretreatment of mice with α-MT, (32, 64 mg/kg i.p.), significantly reduced the increase in motor activity induced by DITA or d-amphetamine. On the other hand, pretreatment of mice with 6-OH DOPA, (100, 150 mg/kg, i.v.), did not significantly alter the stimulant effect of either DITA of d-amphetamine. In the case of haloperidol, it significantly reduced the increase of motor activity induced by DITA of d-amphetamine; propranolol and phenoxybenzamine were ineffective. Our results support the hypothesis that the stimulant effect of DITA and d-amphetamine depends mainly on the integrity of the central dopaminergic rather than the noradrenergic system.

The anorexigenic activity of DITA was investigated in mice, rats, cats, and dogs. It caused anorexia in all species tested. This compound, which possesses a novel chemical structure, produced an increase in motor activity in mice, but its effects on the cardiovascular system of anesthetized dogs were less marked than those of d-amphetamine. The repeated intragastric administration of DITA caused a significant (p < 0.05) reduction of body weight in rats. In mice, DITA was found to have a more favorable therapeutic index than d-amphetamine and it was similar to diethylpropion.

The smooth muscle relaxant activities of MDL-257 [8-methyl-6-piperidino-s-triazolo (4,3-b)pyridazine], a new, nonsympathomimetic bronchodilator, its metabolites (in man and rats), and some related compounds were compared to that of aminophylline in guinea pig tracheal cylindrical segments. The IC50 of MDL-257 against KCl-, histamine-, acetylcholine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced contractions were 5.2 × 10−5, 5.3 × 10−5, 9.1 × 10−5, and 1.4 × 10−5M, respectively. The relaxant activity of aminophylline was equal to that of MDL-257 against all of the spasmogens studied. Dihydroxy substitution on the piperidine ring of MDL-257 reduced its relaxant activity against KCl, histamine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine 25--43-fold and its activity against acetylcholine was almost abolished. The monohydroxy and the amino alcohol metabolites of MDL-257 were two to 20 times less potent than the parent compound and their activities against acetylcholine-induced contractions were minimal. The acidic metabolites of MDL-257 exhibited very weak activity against all of the spasmogens tested.

The cardiovascular activity of APMO was studied in dogs. When compared on a mg/kg basis, its pressor effect was less than that of d -amphetamine. APMO has a diphasic action on blood pressure: a depressor followed by a pressor activity. Upon repeated administration, tachyphylaxis developed to its pressor but not to its depressor effect. The pressor effect of the APMO was antagonized either by reserpine or by phenoxybenzamine pretreatments. This finding suggests that the compound is acting indirectly through the release of norepinephrine from peripheral nerve endings. Spinalectomy did not significantly affect its pressor activity. This finding indicates that the brain is not involved in its pressor effect.

Pentobarbital, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, meprobamate and piperacetazine antagonized the anorectic effect of d-amphetamine. However, their antagonism of the motor stimulant effect of d-amphetamine was not uniform. Pentobarbital significantly increased but diazepam and piperacetazine significantly decreased the motor stimulant effect of d-amphetamine. Chlordiazepoxide and meprobamate did not alter the amphetamine effect on motor activity.

Alcoholism is a major public health problem in the United States as well as in most of the Western world (Rubin and Lieber, 1971). Moreover, maternal alcoholism may cause developmental and physical defects in babies (Ulleland, 1970, Smith et al., 1973). The acute administration of ethanol causes central nervous system depression and lowers the body temperature of mice (Freund, 1973). It was reported that DH-524 is more selective than the analeptics in antagonizing the effects of some central nervous system depressants (Reitz and others, 1973). The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of DH-524 (2(3,4-dichlorophenoxy)-methyl-2-imidazoline), bemegride, doxapram and d-amphetamine on the narcotic and hypothermic effect of ethanol in mice.Materials and Methods. Male Swiss-Origin-ICR mice derived from Harlan Industries Cumberland, Indiana (of approximately the same age and weight) were used in all studies. Sleeping times are defined as the time from the intraperitoneal injection of alcohol until the...

The effects of d,1-alpha-methyltyrosine (alphaMT), haloperidol, phenoxybenazmine, propranolol, methysergide and cyproheptadine on the anorexigenic activities of DITA and d-amphetamine were studied in male mice. The pretreatment of mice with methysergide (10 mg/kg, s.c.), cyproheptadine (5 mg/kg, i.p.), phenoxybenzamine (10 mg/kg, i.p.), and propranolol (5 mg/kg, i.p.) failed to alter the anorexigenic effect of DITA and d-amphetamine. On the other hand, alphaMT (32 mg/kg, i.p.) and haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly antagonized the anorexigenic effect of DITA and d-amphetamine. Our data indicate that the anorexigenic activities of DITA and d-amphetamine are mediated mainly through the dopaminergic system.

SummaryDH-524 is an agent which antagonizes the effects of some central nervous system depressants, but is without effect upon the narcosis produced by other depressants. This differentiates it from analeptics and stimulants which are nonspecific in their action. DH-524 is further differentiated by its failure to induce convulsions at nonfatal doses and its lack of effect upon spontaneous motor activity. In addition, DH-524 is an effective antagonist at doses which are well tolerated by nonnarcotized animals, while effective doses of bemegride were very toxic to non-narcotized animals. These data suggest that DH-524 would be more selective and have a wider margin of safety than the commonly used analeptics in the treatment of barbiturate or methaqualone overdose.