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The aim of the study was to compare functional results prior to and following neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy.Materials and methods. An analysis of the functional results of a prospective clinical study was carried out. The study included 90 patients who underwent low anterior rectal resection for cancer of the lower or middle ampullar rectum with T1-4aN0-2M0 using various reconstruction methods.Results and discussion. Group A included 22 patients with J-shaped reservoirs; group B — 30 patients with side-to-end anastomoses; group C — 38 patients with end-to-end anastomoses. Out of the total study group (n = 90), 43 patients underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy vs. 47 patients without any preoperative treatment. No statistically significant difference was observed in the frequency of applied reconstructive techniques (р = 0.725) and the incidence of postoperative complications (p = 0.103) in the groups with and without neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The baseline scores of the Wexner scale and the results of anorectal manometry in the comparison groups were comparable (p > 0.05). However, upon completion of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and during the period from the moment of surgery up to 12 months after the closure of preventive intestinal stomas, the functional results were less satisfactory in the group of patients having received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (n = 43) with regard to the comparison group (n = 47). Nevertheless, a statistically significant difference in the results was observed from the end of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy up to 3 months after closure of the stoma (p

A new approach to combined treatment of patients with colorectal cancer with synchronous distant liver metastases is discussed in the article. The approach is based on simultaneous surgical treatment of the colon using laparoscopic method and via open liver resection. This hybrid technology allows to reduce the frequency of postoperative complications, minimize the duration of in-patient care, therefore decreasing time until drugs administration as well as treatment costs, ensuring early start of combined treatment. The description of clinical observations demonstrated the benefits of this method implementation.

Objective: to evaluate efficacy and safety of the short-course radiotherapy combined with capecitabine chemotherapy, intracavitary hyperthermia and delayed surgical treatment as neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancerMaterials and methods. Patients with T2–3N0–2M0 newly diagnosed rectal cancer were included. All patients received short-course radiotherapy with total dose of 25 Gy in several fractions of 5 Gy each, along with capecitabine and metronidazole therapy and local hyperthermia. Capecitabine (1000 mg/m2 ) was administrated twice daily on days 1–14. Local hyperthermia (41–45 °С, 60 min) was applied on days 3–5. Metronidazole (10 g/m2 per rectum) was given on days 3 and 5. Patients underwent surgical treatment not earlier than 4 weeks after neoadjuvant therapy completion. The primary endpoint of the study was assessment of pathologic complete response rate. Secondary endpoints included evaluation of neoadjuvant treatment toxicity, tumor regression, surgical treatment results and oncological results.Results. 81 patients were enrolled. 10 of them (12.3 %) were found to have grade III toxicity, 1 (1.2 %) – grade IV toxicity. Sphincter preservation surgery was carried out in 78 (96.3 %) patients. Postoperative mortality was 0 %. Postoperative complications were registered in 11 (13.8 %) cases. Pathologic complete responses (pCR) were observed in 16 (19.8 %) patients. Median follow-up time was 40.9 months. Distant metastases developed in 10 (12.3 %) patients. Three-year overall survival rate was 97 %, three-year relapse-free survival rate was 85 %.Conclusion. Short-course radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy, radiomodificators and delayed surgical treatment is a safe method for rectal cancer treatment; its results are comparable with the results of prolonged chemoradiotherapy course in terms of tumor regression frequency.

The article is devoted to some issues of perioperative nutritional support of patients with colorectal cancer. This group is usually characterized by high proportion of patients with nutritional disorders and impossibility of quick return to usual good nutrition in the early postoperative period. Timely administration of medical nutrition reduces the risks of postoperative complications and death among these patients. Enteral support is associated with lower risk of postoperative complications and should be used in most of the patients.

The case report describes successful treatment of synchronous low rectal and sigmoid cancers with mini-invasive technologies. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery allowed to perform sphincter-saving treatment. Treatment tactics for described tumor localizations are discussed. This case represents individualized approach to colorectal cancer patient, use of modern technologies in oncological surgery.