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The paper proposes a method of improved adaptive integral arithmetic coding. This method is advisable to use in the technology of multi-level processing of video data based on the JPEG method. The technology is based on the detection of key information at several stages of video data processing. To reduce the output volume, the RLE algorithm and integral arithmetic coding are adapted to the new structure of the input data. Thus, the method of linearization of two-dimensional transformants based on zig-zag scanning was further developed. The differences of the method consist in carrying out vector intertransformation zig-zag linearization taking into account the selection of spectral components defined as complementary. The linearized decomposition approach was developed for the first time transformants based on entry into control ranges. In connection with the presence of different types of transformants in the group, the threshold is adapted according to the criterion of the total uneven number of non-equilibrium complementary components. On the basis of taking into account the probability of occurrence of dictionary elements, integrated arithmetic coding (two-dictionary integrated arithmetic coding) has been improved. Determination of current code components according to the decomposed working interval depending on the power of the dictionaries of significant elements and the number of repetitions. This allows you to additionally take into account the statistical features of the components of the RLE-structured linearized transformants and reduce the length of the arithmetic code; for the first time, a transformant compression method was created based on the reduction of various types of redundancy in groups of transformants. Comparative experimental analysis with known methods indicated that the developed technology has a higher compression ratio with reduced processing time. This makes it possible to ensure the necessary level of access and reliability in the conditions of the growth of the original volume of data.

The article substantiates the requirements for the quality characteristics of video information services. It is shown that it is necessary to improve the quality of video information by the following indicators: time delays for video data delivery in terms of ensuring the required completeness; integrity of video information in accordance with the requirements of the application. The consequence of this fact is an imbalance between meeting the requirements for different groups of quality characteristics of video services. A set of measures is used to reduce the load on information and communication systems. One of the key ones is the use of compression technologies to reduce the bit volume. Therefore, the development of new coding technologies in terms of localising the balance between the level of video data compression and its integrity is an urgent scientific and applied problem. The article describes the main stages of creating a method for determining the informative and positional weight for a coding system in a truncated positional basis. For this purpose, a system of mathematical relations is developed to determine the number of admissible sequences. The scientific novelty is as follows. For the first time, a system of correlations has been created to determine the informative and positional weight of the components of the diagonal sequence of a transformant based on the combinatorial configurations. On the basis of experimental studies, it is shown that the developed method has advantages in terms of ensuring the level of video data integrity under conditions of a given compression rate.

The aim of the study was to analyse the microbial profile of the urinary tract infections (UTIs) due to urolithiases and to study susceptibility to antibiotics in its causative agents. The main method of the research was bacteriological. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted by serial microdilution assay in accordance with recommendations of the European committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing (EUCAST). For present study 128 unique urine samples were collected from patients with UTIs associated with urolithiasis. Among all collected specimens, 78% (n=100) gave clinically signi­ficant growth. Among all examined participants, 88.9% of women (64/72) and 64.3% of men (36/56) had confirmed UTI; in the study, female/male ratio was 1.4 (χ2=9.76; p

Within the framework of a simple model of the sensitivity function, the Doppler spectra are considered for different ways of generating response signals using plane wave compounding. A Doppler spectrum is obtained for coherent compounding of signals received at different steering angles of waves during their period of changing. Compared to traditional diagnostic systems, the Doppler spectrum width is increased only by limiting the duration of the signals. There is no additional increase in the spectrum width if the compound signals are formed by adding with cyclic permutation, in which signals from each new wave angle are compounded. When a Doppler signal is formed directly from Doppler signals at different steering angles, the spectral width increases both in comparison with the traditional method of sensing with stationary focused ultrasound fields and with the case of coherent signal compouding. The obtained increase in the spectral width has an intrinsic physical meaning. The increase in width is connected with a dynamic change in the Doppler angle, which increases the interval of apparent projections of the velocities of motion of inhomogeneities along the direction of transmitting of a plane wave without inclination.

The subject of research in the article are the video images compression and encryption processes during the critically important objects managing process. The goal is to develop a method for compressing video images based on floating positional coding with an uneven codegrams length to simultaneously ensure information reliability and confidentiality during its transmission with a given time delay. Objectives: analyzing existing approaches to ensuring the video images confidentiality; development a method for compressing video images based on floating positional coding with an uneven codegrams length; evaluate the developed method effectiveness. The methods used are: digital image processing methods, digital image compression methods, image encryption and scrambling methods, structural-combinatorial coding methods, statistical analysis methods. The following results are obtained. The technology of floating encoding of an uneven sequence of blocks is proposed. Code values are formed from elements of different video image blocks. For this, a scheme for linearizing an image point coordinates from its four-dimensional representation on a plane into a one-dimensional element coordinate in a vector has been developed. The four-dimensional element coordinate on the plane describes the image block coordinates and the coordinates of the element in this block. Code values are formed under conditions of control their binary representation's length. At the same time, coding is implemented for an indeterminate number of video image elements. The number of elements depends on the length of the code word. Accordingly, codegrams with an indeterminate length are formed. Their length depends on the service data values, generated during the encoding process. Service data acts as a key element. Conclusions. The one-stage polyadic image encoding method in a differentiated basis has been further improved. The developed encoding method provides image compression without information quality loss. The original images volume compression provides by 3–20 % better compared to the TIFF data presentation format and by 4–15 % compared to the PNG format. The overhead amount is less than 2.5 % of the entire codestream size.

Subject research in the article is the methods of compressing video images under conditions of ensuring the desired level of their fidelity in the delivery process using infocommunication networks. The goal is to develop methods of encoding video images for increasing the level of their compression in the conditions of ensuring required reliability. Task: to substantiate the approach regarding the structural clusterization of transformed video segments in the conditions of preserving their reliability; to develop a method of structural and statistical coding of transformants in the spectral-cluster space; conduct a comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of various methods of encoding video segments. The methods used: mathematical models for estimating the amount of statistical and structural redundancy in the clustered spectral space of video segments; methods of statistical coding. The following results have been obtained. The potential effectiveness of representing a transformant in clustered space by the number of series of units in binary description of their components has been substantiated. A method of structural-statistical coding in the spectral-cluster space has been created. The basic component of this technological approach is the evaluation of the estimates regarding the potential ability to eliminate various types of redundancy in the current cluster. Here, the amount of redundancy is reduced considering the statistical and structural features of the cluster. The comparative evaluation revealed the advantages of the created method over coding methods in standardized platforms. The advantage is achieved in terms of the peak signal-to-noise ratio by at least 30%. and in terms of a compression ratio by an average of 12 %. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is as follows: for the first time, a method of structural-statistical coding of video segments in spectral space based on their clusterization has been created. The differences of the method lie in the fact that the component of the transformant is simultaneously interpreted as an element of the statistical and combinatorial cluster space; the potential capabilities of eliminating various types of redundancy in the clustered transformant are considered. This provides an increase in the level of compression of video images for a given level of reliability.

The subject of research in this article is methods of encoding transformed video segments to reduce their bit volume without loss of information integrity. The goal is to develop a technology for coding uneven diagonal sequences under the conditions of their arbitrary positioning in the transformant. Task: to justify the approach of creating new methods of encoding video segments, considering the features of the combinatorial configuration of transformants; to create a method of formatting the coordinate system of spectral components in an uneven diagonal direction; to develop a method of encoding non-uniform diagonal sequences in a two-dimensional spectral space; to build a technology for recurrent realization of the process of sliding truncated-positional coding of uneven-diagonal sequences. The methods used are: mathematical models for estimating the number of structural-combinatorial and psychovisual-combinatorial redundancies in an uneven-diagonal spectral space; methods of positional coding. The following results were obtained. Potential advantages of considering the combinatorial configuration of the transformant based on its reformatting according to the non-uniform diagonal structure are substantiated. The technology of recurrent truncated positional coding of video segments in non-uniform diagonal space has been developed. It is based on two technological components. These include: the first component - a pyramidal system of positioning diagonals and their component in the transformant is created. The second component - a method of recurrent implementation of truncated-positional coding of uneven-diagonal sequences, is constructed. Such coding is organized regardless of the positioning of the diagonals in the two-dimensional spectral space of the transformant. Comparative evaluation revealed the advantages of the created method over standardized transformant coding methods. The advantage is achieved by the level of bit volume reduction and reaches an average of 15-30 %. Conclusions. For the first time, a method for establishing the coordinates of the components in the diagonals was developed. It is based on considering the features of the structural configuration of the transformant. This creates conditions for reducing time delays for processing video segments. For the first time, a method for recurrent coding of diagonals based on truncated-positional systems was created. This makes it possible to avoid the cases of the violation of the conditions of mutually unambiguous code conversion.

The article is aimed at forming provisions of the conception of transformation of the innovative development of export-import activity of economic entities (EIAEE), taking into account research by scientists and practitioners, current legislative orders of the State in the sphere of economy, practices of functioning and development of this activity, substantiation of expediency of implementation of these provisions in the wartime and post-war conditions. The article briefly analyzes the state of economy in Ukraine in the current conditions. A grouping of conceptions of innovative development by directions is provided. The concepts of «development» and «innovative development» are closer defined. The following provisions of the conception of transformation of innovative development of export-import activity of economic entities under conditions of limited activity are substantiated: 1) in the conditions of wartime and in the post-war period, the assistance of developed countries and international organizations accelerates the innovative development of the EIAEE in Ukraine; 2) government management of investments promotes innovative development of export-import activities; 3) transformation of innovation development of the EIAEE will take place in several stages; 4) with the help of innovative development of the EIAEE, a systemic economic strategy for the country’s recovery is successfully implemented; 5) government support for the development of entrepreneurial activity contributes to the innovative development of the EIAEE; 6) new signs of innovative development of the EIAEE are the training through export, digitalization of this activity, innovative competitiveness of human capital, increase of innovatively active enterprises, differentiation of the origin of investments and verification of their purity, transition in international trade from off-shoring to friend-shoring, establishment of criteria for determining friendly investments; 7) the results of evaluation, analysis, diagnostics, monitoring of innovative development of the EIAEE create an analytical basis for wartime risk insurance instruments, which is one of the prerequisites for attracting foreign direct investment; 8) formation of a sufficient level of export-import potential ensures innovative development of the EIAEE and its sustainability; 9) in the process of international scientific and technical cooperation, innovative development of the EIAEE is carried out; 10) management of innovation development of the EIAEE consists in choosing the best option for this development; 11) competitiveness ensures the innovative development of the EIAEE. These provisions create a scientific basis for the development of effective management programs, measures at all levels of management both in the war and the post-war situation.

The subject of the article is theoretical substantiation, methodological support, and practical proposals for studying the innovative development of the economy in modern conditions. The aim of the study is to generalize and improve the theoretical foundations of innovative development, identify the main influencing factors and defining characteristics of its course and develop proposals to ensure innovative development of Ukraine's economy in the current conditions. The following tasks have been defined: to find out the attitude of specialists to the possibility and necessity of supporting innovative development in today's difficult military conditions; to summarize the theoretical basis of innovative development and improve its definition and group existing concepts; to substantiate the most influential factors that determine the intensification and/or containment of innovative development of the Ukrainian economy; to identify its defining characteristics, which are used to generate measures to ensure innovative development of the economy in wartime conditions. To solve the tasks, the following methods were used: theoretical generalization, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, structural and logical analysis, systemic and situational approaches, economic and statistical analysis, correlation analysis, multivariate regression analysis, graphical method. The following results have been obtained: the definition of the concept of "innovative development" has been improved; the concepts of innovative development have been analyzed; the main factors influencing the course of innovative development in Ukraine have been identified; multivariate regression models have been built according to the influential factors of innovative development and the most important of them have been substantiated; the current defining features of innovative development of the Ukrainian economy have been identified by significant factors and their specification has been carried out in accordance with the measures to ensure it in the conditions of military operations. Conclusions. It is proved that the improved concept of "innovative development" is that it characterizes the resolution of obvious and hidden contradictions on the basis of qualitative changes in the economic system through the accumulation of quantitative transformations in its components and/or factors of innovation processes, intellectual property, the latest technologies and products. In accordance with the above generalized concepts of innovation development, the author investigates the factors influencing this phenomenon based on the dynamics of the components of the global innovation index and statistical indicators of Ukraine's economy for the period 2015–2022. The most influential factors according to the outlined indicators are identified and multivariate regression models are built, which reveal the following modern leading features of innovation development: formation and maintenance of solvent demand of end users (customers) of innovations for the acquisition of intellectual property. With this in mind, the author proposes measures to ensure and intensify innovative development in the context of military operations in Ukraine.

The paper is devoted to the changes in the X-ray luminescence spectra of nanoscale Y2O3 ceramics, namely the radiation associated with a self-trapped exciton. Additional heat treatment (annealing) of ceramic samples leads to changes in the exciton band of the spectra. These are a change in the shape and shift of the maximum of this band. Long-term irradiation of the samples by X-ray photons with an energy of 60 keV also led to changes in the exciton band. A theoretical model based on experimental data explains the changes in the spectra. The energy source of luminescence in this case is photoelectrons formed by energetic photons. Traps for these electrons are formed on the surface of submicrocrystals. Changes in the surface-to-volume ratio of crystals, as well as the frequencies of excited phonons and excitons are the basis for changes in the X-ray luminescence spectra of Y2O3 ceramics.

Copyright of Informatics Control Measurement in Economy & Environment Protection / Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska is the property of Lublin University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Показується наявність дисбалансу, викликаного недостатнім рівнем продуктивності сучасних і перспективних інфокомунікаційних технологій щодо інформаційної інтенсивності бітових потоків. Обґрунтовується, що зниження рівня дисбалансу організовується в результаті підвищення ефективності технологій обробки інформації. Обґрунтовується, що на даний момент базовою концепцією для побудови технологій компресійного уявлення є платформа JPEG. Відповідно до чого, пропонується організовувати подальший розвиток методів обробки відеоресурсів з використанням окремих компонент платформи JPEG в напрямку підвищення цілісності інформації в умовах забезпечення необхідного рівня її доступності. Викладається розробка синтаксичного представлення значущого мікросегмента відеокадру в спектральному просторі на основі локально-позиційного кодування структурних векторів значущих компонент трансформанти і довжин нульових компонент з подальшим формуванням рівномірних кодограм, позиціонування яких визначається динамічними діапазонами відповідних кодових значень з використанням структурних підстав. Показується, що створені методи кодування відеоресурсу на основі розробленої концепції обробки значущих сегментів забезпечує зниження часу доставки інформації в умовах необхідного рівня її цілісності, тобто досягається підвищення рівня інформаційної безпеки.

Наводиться аналіз проблематичних аспектів технологій обробки зображення, що застосовані на борту літального апарату. Такі технології відносяться до напряму пошуку і збереження інформаційної складової відеоінформації. Обґрунтовано, що умовах роботи системи управління в кризовій ситуації від дистанційного відеосервісу очікується забезпечення високого рівня оперативності доставки відеоінформації і водночас забезпечення необхідного рівня надання інформації на отриманої інформаційної моделі. Наголошено на дисбалансі: з одного боку є можливість забезпечити необхідний рівень оперативності доставки відеоінформації, але з невисоким рівнем достовірності інформації, а з іншого - забезпечивши необхідний рівень надання інформації, втрачається достовірність одержуваної відеомоделі щодо реальних подій. Надається перспективний напрям вирішення проблеми, що пов’язана зі зменшенням інформаційної інтенсивності відеопотоку, який надходить з борта літального апарату. Особлива увага приділена фактору збереження інформації без втрати його оперативності і достовірності. Наведено обґрунтування щодо інформаційних ділянок відеоінформації, в яких міститься інформаційна надлишковість. Обґрунтовано, що це ускладнює процес дешифрування. Наданий напрям в розробці наукових основ підвищення оперативності доставки відеоінформації з борту літального апарату зі збереженням достовірності інформації. Обґрунтовано, що системний підхід для вирішення сформульованих проблемних аспектів для методів обробки відеоінформації полягає в розробці технології їх обробки, що спрямована на пошук і виділення важливих об'єктів на інформаційній моделі. Обґрунтовано, що перспективним напрямком зниження інформаційної надлишковості відеоінформації, отриманих з борта літального апарату з збереженням оперативності і достовірності є методи виділення максимально значимих ділянок із усієї отриманої інформації. Запропонована перспективна технологічна концепція ефективного синтаксичного опису елементів ділянок аерофотознімка, що враховує інформативні відомості. Результати доцільно використовувати при проектування та виготовленні перспективних бортових цифрових сканерів.

The subject of research in the article are the processes of video image processing using an orthogonal transformation for data transmission in information and telecommunication networks. The aim is to build a method of compression of video images while maintaining the efficiency of its delivery at a given informative probability. That will allow to provide a gain in the time of delivery of compressed video images, a necessary level of availability and authenticity at transfer of video data with preservation of strictly statistical regulations and the controlled loss of quality. Task: to study the known algorithms for selective processing of static video at the stage of approximation and statistical coding of the data based on JPEG-platform. The methods used are algorithm based on JPEG-platform, methods of approximation by orthogonal transformation of information blocks, arithmetic coding. It is a solution of scientific task-developed methods for reducing the computational complexity of transformations (compression and decompression) of static video images in the equipment for processing visual information signals, which will increase the efficiency of information delivery.The following results were obtained. The method of video image compression with preservation of the efficiency of its delivery at the set informative probability is developed. That will allow to fulfill the set requirements at the preservation of structural-statistical economy, providing a gain in time to bring compressed images based on the developed method, relative to known methods, on average up to 2 times. This gain is because with a slight difference in the compression ratio of highly saturated images compared to the JPEG-2000 method, for the developed method, the processing time will be less by at least 34%.Moreover, with the increase in the volume of transmitted images and the data transmission speed in the communication channel - the gain in the time of delivery for the developed method will increase. Here, the loss of quality of the compressed/restored image does not exceed 2% by RMS, or not worse than 45 dB by PSNR. What is unnoticeable to the human eye.Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is as follows: for the first time the method of classification (separate) coding (compression) of high-frequency and low-frequency components of Walsh transformants of video images is offered and investigated, which allows to consider their different dynamic range and statistical redundancy reduced using arithmetic coding. This method will allow to ensure the necessary level of availability and authenticity when transmitting video data, while maintaining strict statistical statistics.Note that the proposed method fulfills the set tasks to increase the efficiency of information delivery. Simultaneously, the method for reducing the time complexity of the conversion of highly saturated video images using their representation by the transformants of the discrete Walsh transformation was further developed. It is substantiated that the perspective direction of improvement of methods of image compression is the application of orthogonal transformations on the basis of integer piecewise-constant functions, and methods of integer arithmetic coding of values of transformant transformations.It is substantiated that the joint use of Walsh transformation and arithmetic coding, which reduces the time of compression and recovery of images; reduces additional statistical redundancy. To further increase the degree of compression, a classification coding of low-frequency and high-frequency components of Walsh transformants is developed. It is shown that an additional reduction in statistical redundancy in the arrays of low-frequency components of Walsh transformants is achieved due to their difference in representation. Recommendations for the parameters of the compression method for which the lowest value of the total time of information delivery is provided are substantiated.

SLC4A1 protein or band 3 protein (band 3) is one of the most common erythrocyte membrane proteins. Along with the function of the anion exchanger, it contributes to the control of cell shape and lifespan through the formation of various complexes with cytoskeletal components and enzymes. Under oxidative stress, the protein oxidative modifications occur, in particular, due to the binding of hemoglobin aggregates, but the direct effect of heme as the major product of hemoglobin degradation on the band 3 protein activity has not been described in the literature. It is known that hemolytic conditions are accompanied by phosphorylation of the SLC4A1 protein, non-receptor tyrosine protein kinases LYN (by residue Y359), and SYK (by residues Y8 and Y21), while SYK kinase inhibitors have a stabilizing effect on erythrocytes. The regulatory effect of heme on Src kinases, which include SYK and LIN kinases, has been clarified, but the sites of their interaction with heme have not been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to predict putative heme binding sites in the integral protein of the erythrocyte membrane SLC4A1, as well as in the protein kinases SYK and LYN and their complexes with SLC4A1, modeled in silico. Sequence analysis of proteins with HeMoQuest revealed several nonapeptides with potential heme binding sites in the SLC4A1 protein, including the cytosolic His98 and Tyr553 and Tyr555 residues in the region between the TM5 and TM6 transmembrane segments. These residues, as well as the amino acids Tyr216, His303, and His192, were also predicted as heme-binding sites by HemeBind tool. The largest number of putative heme binding sites was found for SYK protein kinase, including the two cytosolic residues Tyr216 and His303. Molecular docking of the SLC4A1 protein revealed a heme binding site in the cavity between His192 and region 173–176 in the cytosolic domain structure (PDB ID 4KY9 and 1HYN), also as part of a simulated complex with SYK or LYN kinases. It should be noted that site 175–185 is known as the ankyrin binding site. Docking heme to the membrane domain (PDB ID 4YZF) revealed a putative heme binding site near Lys539 in TM5, which, according to the literature, belongs to one of the reactive centers sensitive to the anionic transport inhibitor DIDS. Molecular docking to SYK protein kinase with ATP in the active site (PDB ID 4FL2) revealed two putative heme binding sites – near Tyr64 and near His243, but when ATP was removed from pdb-file, the heme occupied a nucleotide binding site in the cavity near Lys402 and His531. LYN protein kinase (PDB ID 5XY1) had a heme binding site near Tyr321 in the structure with inhibitor molecule (piperazine derivative). After removing the inhibitor, the heme occupied its area near Glu290 and Ala371. In most model complexes, the band 3 protein was revealed to be a more likely heme binding site than LYN and SYK protein kinases, but kinases with free active sites can apparently bind a heme instead of substrate, which will interfere phosphorylation. Disruption of band 3 protein under heme accumulation can inhibit an anion transport or complicate the formation of SLC4A1 complexes with cytoskeletal proteins that together with the effects on phosphorylation could be a mechanism for reducing erythrocyte stability.

Purpose of the study. Establishing the role of processes of proteolysis of mixed saliva in the development and course of lichen planus of the oral mucosa. Materials and methods. A comprehensive examination of 102 patients with lichen planus aged 21 to 70 years and 20 people in the control group, whose age and sex composition corresponded to that in the study group. BioRad (USA) reagent kits were used to determine the total protein content of mixed saliva. The content of protein fractions of mixed saliva was determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Determination of serum proteins in mixed saliva was performed by quantitative (cross) immunoelectrophoresis. Results. In patients with lichen planus, the overall proteolytic activity of mixed saliva increases with a significant increase in the concentration of α1proteinase inhibitor, especially in exudative hyperemic and erosiveulcerative forms of the disease. Diffusion of α1proteinase inhibitor into mixed saliva increases its antiproteolytic potential and has a protective character. The content of albumin and ceruloplasmin in the mixed saliva of patients with lichen planus increases depending on the severity of the disease: typical, hyperkeratotic, exudativehyperemic, erosiveulcerative. Conclusions. Mixed saliva of patients with lichen planus in contrast to patients in the control group is characterized by the predominance of low molecular weight proteins (20–79 kDa) over high molecular weight. The level of albumin, α1proteinase inhibitor and ceruloplasmin in the mixed saliva of patients with lichen planus increases and correlates with the severity of the disease. The content of IgA in the mixed saliva of patients with lichen planus increases, depending on the form of the disease.

It is shown that the current direction of increasing the safety of information resources when transmitting information in info-communication systems is the use of methods of steganographic instruction in video imagery. The effectiveness of such methods is significantly increased when used in a complex of methods of concealment, which are based on the principles of inconsistent and cosmic communication. At the same time, existing methods of steganographic are used in the process of insertion of information mainly only laws, empty features of visual perception of video images. So, it is justified that the scientific and applied problem, which is to increase the density of embedded messages in the video container with a given level of their reliability, is relevant. The solution of this problem is based on the solution of the contradiction, which concerns the fact that increasing the density of embedded data leads to a decrease in the bit rate of the video container, steganalysis stability, reliability of special information, and video container. Therefore, the research aims to develop a methodology for the steganographic embedding of information, taking into account the regularities of the video container, which are generated by its structural and structural-statistical features. The solution to the posed problem of applying steganographic transformations is proposed to be realised by methods of indirectly embedding parts of the hidden message in certain conditions or functional relationships. The possibility of creating steganographic transformations regarding the indirect embedding and extraction of hidden information in a multiadic basis by modifying the underlying basis system within an admissible set is demonstrated. It is shown that the multiadic system, which is created in the spectral space of DCT transforms, has the potential to form a set of admissible modifications of basis systems.

Copyright of Informatics Control Measurement in Economy & Environment Protection / Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska is the property of Lublin University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)