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Brominated flame retardants (BFR) are primarily used as flame retardant additives in insulating materials. These lipophilic compounds can bioaccumulate in animal tissues, leading to human exposure via food ingestion. Although their concentration in food is not yet regulated, several of these products are recognised as persistent organic pollutants; they are thought to act as endocrine disruptors. The present study aimed to characterise the occurrence of two families of BFRs (hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE)) in hen eggs and broiler or pig meat in relation to their rearing environments. Epidemiological studies were carried out on 60 hen egg farms (34 without an open-air range, 26 free-range), 57 broiler farms (27 without an open-air range, 30 free-range) and 42 pig farms without an open-air range in France from 2013 to 2015. For each farm, composite samples from either 12 eggs, five broiler pectoral muscles or three pig tenderloins were obtained. Eight PBDE congeners and three HBCDD stereoisomers were quantified in product fat using gas chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry, or high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. The frequencies of PBDE detection were 28% for eggs (median concentration 0.278 ng/g fat), 72% for broiler muscle (0.392 ng/g fat) and 49% for pig muscle (0.403 ng/g fat). At least one HBCDD stereoisomer was detected in 17% of eggs (0.526 ng/g fat), 46% of broiler muscle (0.799 ng/g fat) and 36% of pig muscle (0.616 ng/g fat). Results were similar in concentration to those obtained in French surveillance surveys from 2012 to 2016. Nevertheless, the contamination of free-range eggs and broilers was found to be more frequent than that of conventional ones, suggesting that access to an open-air range could be an additional source of exposure to BFRs for animals. However, the concentration of BFRs in all products remained generally very low. No direct relationship could be established between the occurrence of BFRs in eggs and meat and the characteristics of farm buildings (age, building materials). The potential presence of BFRs in insulating materials is not likely to constitute a significant source of animal exposure as long as the animals do not have direct access to these materials.

Dairy systems are a source of pollutant emissions, such as greenhouse gases (GHG) and NH3 that are associated with impacts on the environment. Gas emissions in barns are related mainly to diet intake and chemical composition, N excretion and manure management. A reduction in dietary N is known to be an effective way to reduce N excretion and the resulting NH3 emissions. However, most studies consider manure in liquid form with frequent removal from the barn. In deep litter systems, several processes can occur during the accumulation of solid manure that result in variable gas emissions. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the influence of the interaction between dietary CP (low or high) and manure management (liquid or solid) on gas emissions (NH3, N2O, CH4) at the barn level. Dietary treatments provided either low (LowN; 12% CP) or high (HighN; 18% CP) degradable protein to modify the amount of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) excreted. The cows were housed for two 8-week periods in two mechanically ventilated rooms equipped to manage manure either in liquid (LM; slurry) or solid form (SM; deep litter). In the LM treatment, N balance was measured for 4 days. As expected, animals fed the LowN diet ingested 35% less N and excreted 65% less N in their urine, with no reduction in faecal N excretion and N secretion in milk. On the LowN diet, excretion of urea-N and NH3-N emissions were reduced regardless of the manure management. On the HighN diet, urinary urea-N excretion was three times as high, while NH3-N emissions were 3.0 and 4.5 times as high in LM and SM, respectively. Manure management strongly influenced CH4-C emissions, which were 30% higher in SM than in LM, due to the accumulation of litter. Moreover, gas emissions from solid manure increased over the accumulation period, except for NH3 on the LowN diet. Finally, our results suggest that methods used for national inventories would become more accurate by considering the variability in TAN excretion, which is the primary factor that influences NH3 emissions.

Tout projet de méthanisation agricole a besoin de déchets très fermentescibles et doit pouvoir valoriser au mieux la chaleur issue de la cogénération pour améliorer sa rentabilité. Cet article montre que les collectivités produisent de nombreux déchets organiques : déchets verts, déchets de la restauration collective, fraction organique des ordures ménagères, boues de station d'épuration urbaines, algues vertes... Malgré cette diversité, assez peu de déchets peuvent être utilisés pour la méthanisation agricole car ils doivent à la fois cumuler les avantages d'un potentiel méthanogène élevé, être triés, si possible source de redevance et les gisements ne doivent pas être trop atomisés, ni trop loin, autant de facteurs difficiles à réunir. Cependant des exemples, témoignages d'opportunités, et des marges de progrès existent. Parallèlement au traitement d'une partie de leurs déchets, les collectivités disposent d'un large parc de bâtiments avec des besoins thermiques parfois très élevés pour leur chauffage et eau chaude sanitaire. La valorisation de l'énergie thermique produite par la méthanisation agricole peut toutefois se heurter à des contraintes de distance et à la densification de l'habitat engendrant un coût élevé du réseau de chaleur. Les liens pouvant unir collectivités et agriculture au travers de la méthanisation peuvent cependant constituer des opportunités. Ces dernières doivent s'envisager au cas par cas selon le territoire concerné.

La préservation de l’environnement est actuellement au coeur des débats dans l’évolution des systèmes de production laitière. Le défi des années futures réside dans la fourniture de produits laitiers tout en assurant les performances sociales, économiques et environnementales, c'est-à-dire la durabilité des systèmes de production. En matière d’environnement, une attention toute particulière doit être portée à la limitation des risques de pollution vers l'eau, vers l'air et à la préservation de la biodiversité. Les systèmes d'élevage herbivore français, largement basés sur la prairie, présentent pour cela un réel atout du fait du lien au sol et de la part importante de fourrages dans l’alimentation du troupeau. Peu liée aux caractéristiques structurelles, l’efficience environnementale passe notamment par l’optimisation du recyclage du carbone et de l’azote au sein des systèmes de production. Alors que la variabilité des impacts environnementaux entre exploitations de systèmes différents (plaine vs montagne) est faible, une forte variabilité est observée entre exploitations d’un même système. Ceci démontre que les pratiques efficientes sur le plan technique, relatives à la gestion optimale des effectifs animaux, à une sobriété énergétique, etc. ont des incidences environnementales et économiques favorables. C’est pourquoi, une partie significative des exploitations d'élevage d'herbivores françaises devrait pouvoir être considérée à hautes performances environnementales et économiques sans remise en cause lourde du système de production. Par ailleurs l’élevage laitier, qui intervient pour réduire les pertes vers l’air et vers l’eau, est garant du stockage de carbone et de la biodiversité. Au-delà de la production de lait et de viande, l’élevage laitier joue dès lors un rôle majeur dans la préservation de l’environnement.

Robots are thought to be able to address some of society's challenges in autism care and education. Robots may extend services and provide them in personalised, repeated, and playful ways. However, it is still largely unknown to what extent professionals intend to use robots and what determines their intentions. Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour framework, we aimed to better understand the determinants behind professionals' intentions to use robots with their clients with autism. We conducted an online survey, to which 447 professionals (e.g., psychologists) working with people with autism answered. Our results indicate moderate and well-predicted intentions for the enquired professionals to use a robot with their clients with autism. We found that attitude and perceived social norms are the main predictors of their intentions. Our results also point to the significant and positive influence of moral norms on the attitudes of professionals. Additionally, our preliminary analysis of underlying beliefs to the assessed predictors of intention enables a better understanding on how professionals perceive the place of robots in their work. These results can inspire roboticists who want to build assistive robots for the real world and guide stakeholders when implementing such robots in the health and education sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim: the aim of this study was to assess the skull vibration-induced nystagmus test (SVINT) results and vestibular residual function after horizontal semicircular canal (HSCC) plugging. Methods: In this retrospective chart review performed in a tertiary referral center, 11 patients who underwent unilateral horizontal semicircular canal plugging (uHSCCP) for disabling Menière’s disease (MD) were included. The skull vibration-induced nystagmus (SVIN) slow-phase velocity (SPV) was compared with the results of the caloric test (CaT), video head impulse test (VHIT), and cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP) performed on the same day. Results: Overall, 10 patients had a strong SVIN beating toward the intact side (Horizontal SVIN-SPV: 8.8°/s ± 5.6°/s), 10 had a significant or severe ipsilateral CaT hypofunction, 10 had an ipsilateral horizontal VHIT gain impairment, and 3 had altered cVEMP on the operated side. Five had sensorineural hearing worsening. SVIN-positive results were correlated with CaT and horizontal VHIT (HVHIT) results (p < 0.05) but not with cVEMP. SVIN-SPV was correlated with CaT hypofunction in % (p < 0.05). Comparison of pre- and postoperative CaT % hypofunction showed a significant worsening (p = 0.028). Conclusion: SVINT results in a human model of horizontal canal plugging are well correlated with vestibular tests exploring horizontal canal function, but not with cVEMP. SVINT always showed a strong lesional nystagmus beating away from the lesion side. SVIN acts as a good marker of HSCC function. This surgical technique showed invasiveness regarding horizontal canal vestibular function.

Purpose: To investigate the [68Ga]DOTATOC PET radiomic profile of head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs) and identify radiomic characteristics useful as predictors of succinate dehydrogenase genes (SDHx) pathogenic variants. Methods: Sporadic and SDHx HNPGL patients, who underwent [68Ga]DOTATOC PET/CT, were retrospectively included. HNPGLs were analyzed using LIFEx software, and extracted features were harmonized to correct for batch effects and confronted testing for multiple comparison. Stepwise discriminant analysis was conducted to remove redundancy and identify best discriminating features. ROC analysis was used to define optimal cut-offs. Multivariate decision-tree analysis was performed using CHAID method. Results: 34 patients harboring 60 HNPGLs (51 SDHx in 25 patients) were included. Three sporadic and nine SDHx HNPGLs were metastatic. At stepwise discriminant analysis, both GLSZM-Zone Size Non-Uniformity (ZSNU, reflecting tumor heterogeneity) and IB-TLSRE (total lesion somatostatin receptor expression) were independent predictors of genetic status, with 96.4% of lesions and 91.6% of patients correctly classified after cross validation (p < 0.001). Among non-metastatic patients, GLSZM-ZSNU and IB-TLSRE were significantly higher in sporadic than SDHx HNPGLs (p < 0.001). No differences were revealed in metastatic patients. Decision-tree analysis highlights multifocality and IB-TLSRE as useful variables, correctly identifying 6/9 sporadic and 24/25 SDHx patients. Model failed to classify one SDHA and three sporadic patients (2 metastatic). Conclusion: Radiomics features GLSZM-ZSNU and IB-TLSRE appear to reflect HNPGLs SDHx status and tumor behavior (metastatic vs. non-metastatic). If validated, especially IB-TLSRE might represent a simple and time-efficient radiomic index for SDHx variants early screening and prediction of tumor behavior in HNPGL cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]