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1. Enhancing the detection of low-energy M dwarf flares: wavelet-based denoising of CHEOPS data

Author

Poyatos, J., Fors, O., Cama, J. M. Gómez, and Ribas, I.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Stellar flares are powerful bursts of electromagnetic radiation triggered by magnetic reconnection in the chromosphere of stars, occurring frequently and intensely on active M dwarfs. While missions like TESS and Kepler have studied regular and super-flares, their detection of flares with energies below $10^{30}$ erg remains incomplete. Extending flare studies to include these low-energy events could enhance flare formation models and provide insight into their impacts on exoplanetary atmospheres. This study investigates CHEOPS's capacity to detect low-energy flares in M dwarf light curves. Using CHEOPS's high photometric precision and observing cadence, along with a tailored wavelet-based denoising algorithm, we aim to improve detection completeness and refine flare statistics for low-energy events. We conducted a flare injection and recovery process to optimise denoising parameters, applied it to CHEOPS light curves to maximise detection rates, and used a flare breakdown algorithm to analyse complex structures. Our analysis recovered 349 flares with energies ranging from $2.2\times10^{26}$ to $8.1\times10^{30}$ erg across 63 M dwarfs, with $\sim$40% exhibiting complex, multi-peaked structures. The denoising algorithm improved flare recovery by $\sim$34%, though it marginally extended the lower boundary of detectable energies. For the full sample, the power-law index $\alpha$ was $1.92\pm0.07$, but a log-normal distribution fit better, suggesting multiple flare formation scenarios. While CHEOPS's observing mode is not ideal for large-scale surveys, it captures weaker flares than TESS or Kepler, expanding the observed energy range. Wavelet-based denoising enhances low-energy event recovery, enabling exploration of the micro-flaring regime. Expanding low-energy flare observations could refine flare generation models and improve the understanding of their role in star-planet interactions., Comment: 29 pages, 20 figures, 4 tables, submitted to Astronomy & Astrophysics

Published
2024

8. Introduction

Author

Flynn, Asher, Cama, Elena, Scott, Adrian J., Holt, Thomas J., Series Editor, Cross, Cassandra, Series Editor, Flynn, Asher, Cama, Elena, and Scott, Adrian J.

Published
2025
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9. Undergraduate setup for measuring the Bell inequalities and performing Quantum State Tomography

Author

Sanz, Raul Lahoz, Martín, Lidia Lozano, Cortés, Adrià Brú i, Duocastella, Martí, Cama, Jose M. Gómez, and Juliá-Díaz, Bruno

Subjects
Physics - Physics Education, Quantum Physics
Abstract

The growth of quantum technologies is attracting the interest of many students eager to learn concepts such as quantum entanglement or quantum superposition. However, the non-intuitive nature of these concepts poses a challenge to understanding them. Here, we present an entangled photon system which can perform a Bell test, i.e. the CHSH inequality, and can obtain the complete tomography of the two-photon state. The proposed setup is versatile, cost-effective and allows for multiple classroom operating modes. We present two variants, both facilitating the measurement of Bell inequalities and quantum state tomography. Experimental results showcase successful manipulation of the quantum state of the photons, achieving high-fidelity entangled states and significant violations of Bell's inequalities. Our setup's simplicity and affordability enhances accessibility for less specialized laboratories, allowing students to familiarize themselves with quantum physics concepts.

Published
2024

11. Perception of Authentic Interior Architecture Atmosphere with Adaptive Reuse Concept at M-Bloc Space

Author

Kusumowidagdo, Astrid, Rianingrum, Cama Juli, Pisello, Anna Laura, Editorial Board Member, Bibri, Simon Elias, Editorial Board Member, Ahmed Salih, Gasim Hayder, Editorial Board Member, Battisti, Alessandra, Editorial Board Member, Piselli, Cristina, Editorial Board Member, Strauss, Eric J., Editorial Board Member, Matamanda, Abraham, Editorial Board Member, Gallo, Paola, Editorial Board Member, Marçal Dias Castanho, Rui Alexandre, Editorial Board Member, Chica Olmo, Jorge, Editorial Board Member, Bruno, Silvana, Editorial Board Member, He, Baojie, Editorial Board Member, Niglio, Olimpia, Editorial Board Member, Pivac, Tatjana, Editorial Board Member, Olanrewaju, AbdulLateef, Editorial Board Member, Pigliautile, Ilaria, Editorial Board Member, Karunathilake, Hirushie, Editorial Board Member, Fabiani, Claudia, Editorial Board Member, Vujičić, Miroslav, Editorial Board Member, Stankov, Uglješa, Editorial Board Member, Sánchez, Angeles, Editorial Board Member, Jupesta, Joni, Editorial Board Member, Pignatta, Gloria, Editorial Board Member, Shtylla, Saimir, Editorial Board Member, Alberti, Francesco, Editorial Board Member, Buckley, Ayşe Özcan, Editorial Board Member, Mandic, Ante, Editorial Board Member, Ahmed Ibrahim, Sherif, Editorial Board Member, Teba, Tarek, Editorial Board Member, Al-Kassimi, Khaled, Editorial Board Member, Rosso, Federica, Editorial Board Member, Abdalla, Hassan, Editorial Board Member, Trapani, Ferdinando, Editorial Board Member, Magnaye, Dina Cartagena, Editorial Board Member, Chehimi, Mohamed Mehdi, Editorial Board Member, van Hullebusch, Eric, Editorial Board Member, Chaminé, Helder, Editorial Board Member, Della Spina, Lucia, Editorial Board Member, Aelenei, Laura, Editorial Board Member, Parra-López, Eduardo, Editorial Board Member, Ašonja, Aleksandar N., Editorial Board Member, Amer, Mourad, Series Editor, Olivas, Marina Checa, editor, Maffei, Antonio, editor, and Sassanelli, Claudio, editor

Published
2025
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12. DISARM: Disentangled Scanner-Free Image Generation via Unsupervised Image2Image Translation

Author

Caldera, Luca, Cavinato, Lara, Cappozzo, Andrea, Cama, Isabella, Garbarino, Sara, Cirone, Alessio, Lodi, Raffaele, Tagliavini, Fabrizio, Nigri, Anna, De Francesco, Silvia, Ieva, Francesca, Network, RIN-Neuroimaging, Goos, Gerhard, Series Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Bathula, Deepti R., editor, Benet Nirmala, Anoop, editor, Dvornek, Nicha C., editor, Govindarajan, Sindhuja T., editor, Habes, Mohamad, editor, Kumar, Vinod, editor, Nebli, Ahmed, editor, Wolfers, Thomas, editor, and Xiao, Yiming, editor

Published
2025
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13. Preuve de concept d'un bot vocal dialoguant en wolof

Author

Gauthier, Elodie, Wade, Papa-Séga, Moudenc, Thierry, Collen, Patrice, De Neef, Emilie, Ba, Oumar, Cama, Ndeye Khoyane, Kebe, Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba, Gningue, Ndeye Aissatou, and Aristide, Thomas Mendo'o

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract

This paper presents the proof-of-concept of the first automatic voice assistant ever built in Wolof language, the main vehicular language spoken in Senegal. This voicebot is the result of a collaborative research project between Orange Innovation in France, Orange Senegal (aka Sonatel) and ADNCorp, a small IT company based in Dakar, Senegal. The purpose of the voicebot is to provide information to Orange customers about the Sargal loyalty program of Orange Senegal by using the most natural mean to communicate: speech. The voicebot receives in input the customer's oral request that is then processed by a SLU system to reply to the customer's request using audio recordings. The first results of this proof-of-concept are encouraging as we achieved 22\% of WER for the ASR task and 78\% of F1-score on the NLU task., Comment: in French language

Published
2024

14. Endoscopic approach for paranasal sinuses osteomas: Our experience and review of literature

Author

A. Romano, G. Dell'Aversana Orabona, A. Pansini, V. Abbate, A. Cama, G. Iaconetta, and L. Califano

Subjects
Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract

Osteomas are common benign bone tumors of the skull and facial structures involving primarily the cranial vault, mandible, external auditory canal, paranasal sinuses, nasal cavity, and orbit.1,2 These neoplasms are usually asymptomatic and account for 0.43% of tumor in population with an incidental finding on 1% of radiographs and on 3% of computed tomography (CT) scans. [1] These solid nodular sclerotic lesions usually arise from the outer table and are usually

Published
2019
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15. Three-dimensional numerical schemes for the segmentation of the psoas muscle in X-ray computed tomography images

Author

Paolucci, Giulio, Cama, Isabella, Campi, Cristina, and Piana, Michele

Subjects
Mathematics - Numerical Analysis, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 65M06, 92C55, 68U10
Abstract

The analysis of the psoas muscle in morphological and functional imaging has proved to be an accurate approach to assess sarcopenia, i.e. a systemic loss of skeletal muscle mass and function that may be correlated to multifactorial etiological aspects. The inclusion of sarcopenia assessment into a radiological workflow would need the implementation of computational pipelines for image processing that guarantee segmentation reliability and a significant degree of automation. The present study utilizes three-dimensional numerical schemes for psoas segmentation in low-dose X-ray computed tomography images. Specifically, here we focused on the level set methodology and compared the performances of two standard approaches, a classical evolution model and a three-dimension geodesic model, with the performances of an original first-order modification of this latter one. The results of this analysis show that these gradient-based schemes guarantee reliability with respect to manual segmentation and that the first-order scheme requires a computational burden that is significantly smaller than the one needed by the second-order approach.

Published
2023

19. Correction: Increasing access to screening for blood-borne viruses and sexually transmissible infections for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians: evaluation of the Deadly Liver Mob program’s ‘cascade of care’ across nine sites in New South Wales, Australia

Author

Cama, Elena, Beadman, Kim, Beadman, Mitch, Smith, Kerri-Anne, Christian, Jade, Jackson, Aunty Clair, Tyson, Beverley, Anderson, Clayton, Smyth, Larissa, Heslop, Jennifer, Gahan, Gary, Tawil, Victor, Sheaves, Felicity, Maher, Louise, Page, Julie, Tilley, Donna, Ryan, Ann, Grant, Kim, Donovan, Basil, Stevens, Annabelle, Slattery, Trevor, Pearce, Kate, John-Leader, Franklin, Walden, Andrew, Lenton, Jo, Crowley, Margaret, and Treloar, Carla

Published
2024
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22. Coronal voids and their magnetic nature

Author

Nölke, J. D., Solanki, S. K., Hirzberger, J., Peter, H., Chitta, L. P., Kahil, F., Valori, G., Wiegelmann, T., Suárez, D. Orozco, Albert, K., Jorge, N. Albelo, Appourchaux, T., Alvarez-Herrero, A., Rodríguez, J. Blanco, Gandorfer, A., Germerott, D., Guerrero, L., Gutierrez-Marques, P., Kolleck, M., Iniesta, J. C. del Toro, Volkmer, R., Woch, J., Fiethe, B., Cama, J. M. Gómez, Pérez-Grande, I., Kilders, E. Sanchis, Jiménez, M. Balaguer, Rubio, L. R. Bellot, Calchetti, D., Carmona, M., Deutsch, W., Feller, A., Fernandez-Rico, G., Fernández-Medina, A., Parejo, P. García, Blesa, J. L. Gasent, Gizon, L., Grauf, B., Heerlein, K., Korpi-Lagg, A., Lange, T., Jiménez, A. López, Maue, T., Meller, R., Vacas, A. Moreno, Müller, R., Nakai, E., Schmidt, W., Schou, J., Schühle, U., Sinjan, J., Staub, J., Strecker, H., Torralbo, I., Berghmans, D., Kraaikamp, E., Rodriguez, L., Verbeeck, C., Zhukov, A. N., Auchere, F., Buchlin, E., Parenti, S., Janvier, M., Barczynski, K., Harra, L., Schwanitz, C., Cuadrado, R. Aznar, Mandal, S., Teriaca, L., Long, D., and Smith, P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) observations of the quiet solar atmosphere reveal extended regions of weak emission compared to the ambient quiescent corona. The magnetic nature of these coronal features is not well understood. We study the magnetic properties of the weakly emitting extended regions, which we name coronal voids. In particular, we aim to understand whether these voids result from a reduced heat input into the corona or if they are associated with mainly unipolar and possibly open magnetic fields, similar to coronal holes. We defined the coronal voids via an intensity threshold of 75% of the mean quiet-Sun (QS) EUV intensity observed by the high-resolution EUV channel (HRIEUV) of the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager on Solar Orbiter. The line-of-sight magnetograms of the same solar region recorded by the High Resolution Telescope of the Polarimetric and Helioseismic Imager allowed us to compare the photospheric magnetic field beneath the coronal voids with that in other parts of the QS. The coronal voids studied here range in size from a few granules to a few supergranules and on average exhibit a reduced intensity of 67% of the mean value of the entire field of view. The magnetic flux density in the photosphere below the voids is 76% (or more) lower than in the surrounding QS. Specifically, the coronal voids show much weaker or no network structures. The detected flux imbalances fall in the range of imbalances found in QS areas of the same size. Conclusions. We conclude that coronal voids form because of locally reduced heating of the corona due to reduced magnetic flux density in the photosphere. This makes them a distinct class of (dark) structure, different from coronal holes., Comment: 10 pages, 11 figures

Published
2023
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23. Tropical Data: Approach and Methodology as Applied to Trachoma Prevalence Surveys.

Author

Harding-Esch, Emma, Burgert-Brucker, Clara, Jimenez, Cristina, Bakhtiari, Ana, Willis, Rebecca, Bejiga, Michael, Mpyet, Caleb, Ngondi, Jeremiah, Boyd, Sarah, Abdala, Mariamo, Abdou, Amza, Adamu, Yilikal, Alemayehu, Addisu, Alemayehu, Wondu, Al-Khatib, Tawfik, Apadinuwe, Sue-Chen, Awaca, Naomie, Awoussi, Marcel, Baayendag, Gilbert, Badiane, Mouctar, Bailey, Robin, Batcho, Wilfrid, Bay, Zulficar, Bella, Assumpta, Beido, Nassirou, Bol, Yak, Bougouma, Clarisse, Brady, Christopher, Bucumi, Victor, Butcher, Robert, Cakacaka, Risiate, Cama, Anaseini, Camara, Mamoudou, Cassama, Eunice, Chaora, Shorai, Chebbi, Amel, Chisambi, Alvin, Chu, Brian, Conteh, Abdulai, Coulibaly, Sidi, Courtright, Paul, Dalmar, Abdi, Dat, Tran, Davids, Thully, Djaker, Mohamed, de Fátima Costa Lopes, Maria, Dézoumbé, Djore, Dodson, Sarity, Downs, Philip, Eckman, Stephanie, Elshafie, Bilghis, Elmezoghi, Mourad, Elvis, Ange, Emerson, Paul, Epée, Emilienne, Faktaufon, Daniel, Fall, Mawo, Fassinou, Aréty, Fleming, Fiona, Flueckiger, Rebecca, Gamael, Koizan, Garae, Mackline, Garap, Jambi, Gass, Katie, Gebru, Genet, Gichangi, Michael, Giorgi, Emanuele, Goépogui, André, Gómez, Daniela, Gómez Forero, Diana, Gower, Emily, Harte, Anna, Henry, Rob, Honorio-Morales, Harvy, Ilako, Dunera, Issifou, Amadou, Jones, Ellen, Kabona, George, Kabore, Martin, Kadri, Boubacar, Kalua, Khumbo, Kanyi, Sarjo, Kebede, Shambel, Kebede, Fikreab, Keenan, Jeremy, Kello, Amir, Khan, Asad, Khelifi, Houria, Kilangalanga, Janvier, Kim, Sung, Ko, Robert, Lewallen, Susan, Lietman, Thomas, Logora, Makoy, Lopez, Yuri, MacArthur, Chad, Macleod, Colin, Makangila, Felix, Mariko, Brehima, and Martin, Diana

Subjects
Chlamydia trachomatis, Tropical Data, prevalence, survey, trachoma, Humans, Infant, Trachoma, Prevalence, Public Health, Data Management, World Health Organization
Abstract

PURPOSE: Population-based prevalence surveys are essential for decision-making on interventions to achieve trachoma elimination as a public health problem. This paper outlines the methodologies of Tropical Data, which supports work to undertake those surveys. METHODS: Tropical Data is a consortium of partners that supports health ministries worldwide to conduct globally standardised prevalence surveys that conform to World Health Organization recommendations. Founding principles are health ministry ownership, partnership and collaboration, and quality assurance and quality control at every step of the survey process. Support covers survey planning, survey design, training, electronic data collection and fieldwork, and data management, analysis and dissemination. Methods are adapted to meet local context and needs. Customisations, operational research and integration of other diseases into routine trachoma surveys have also been supported. RESULTS: Between 29th February 2016 and 24th April 2023, 3373 trachoma surveys across 50 countries have been supported, resulting in 10,818,502 people being examined for trachoma. CONCLUSION: This health ministry-led, standardised approach, with support from the start to the end of the survey process, has helped all trachoma elimination stakeholders to know where interventions are needed, where interventions can be stopped, and when elimination as a public health problem has been achieved. Flexibility to meet specific country contexts, adaptation to changes in global guidance and adjustments in response to user feedback have facilitated innovation in evidence-based methodologies, and supported health ministries to strive for global disease control targets.

Published
2023

26. Changes in hospital admissions for facial fractures during and after COVID 19 pandemic: national multicentric epidemiological analysis on 2938 patients

Author

Petrocelli, Marzia, Ruggiero, Federica, Allegri, Davide, Cutrupi, Sebastiano, Baietti, Anna Maria, Salzano, Giovanni, Maglitto, Fabio, Manfuso, Alfonso, Copelli, Chiara, Barca, Ida, Cristofaro, Maria Giulia, Galvano, Francesca, Loche, Valentina Poddi, Gemini, Paolo, Tewfik, Karim, Burlini, Dante, Bernardi, Marco, Bianchi, Francesca Antonella, Catanzaro, Susanna, Ascani, Giuliano, Consorti, Giuseppe, Balercia, Paolo, Braconi, Andrea, Scozzaro, Calogero, Catalfamo, Luciano, De Rinaldis, Danilo, De Ponte, Francesco Saverio, Tarabbia, Filippo, Biglioli, Federico, Giovacchini, Francesco, Tullio, Antonio, Cama, Antonia, Di Emidio, Paolo, Ferrari, Silvano, Perlangeli, Giuseppe, Rossi, Maria Beatrice, Biglio, Andrea, De Riu, Giacomo, Califano, Luigi, and Vaira, Luigi Angelo

Published
2024
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27. Stereoscopic disambiguation of vector magnetograms: first applications to SO/PHI-HRT data

Author

Valori, G., Calchetti, D., Vacas, A. Moreno, Pariat, É., Solanki, S. K., Löschl, P., Hirzberger, J., Parenti, S., Albert, K., Jorge, N. Albelo, Álvarez-Herrero, A., Appourchaux, T., Rubio, L. R. Bellot, Rodríguez, J. Blanco, Campos-Jara, A., Feller, A., Gandorfer, A., Parejo, P. García, Germerott, D., Gizon, L., Cama, J. M. Gómez, Guerrero, L., Gutierrez-Marques, P., Kahil, F., Kolleck, M., Korpi-Lagg, A., Suárez, D. Orozco, Pérez-Grande, I., Kilders, E. Sanchis, Schou, J., Schühle, U., Sinjan, J., Staub, J., Strecker, H., Iniesta, J. C. del Toro, Volkmer, R., and Woch, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Spectropolarimetric reconstructions of the photospheric vector magnetic field are intrinsically limited by the 180$^\circ$-ambiguity in the orientation of the transverse component. So far, the removal of such an ambiguity has required assumptions about the properties of the photospheric field, which makes disambiguation methods model-dependent. The basic idea is that the unambiguous line-of-sight component of the field measured from one vantage point will generally have a non-zero projection on the ambiguous transverse component measured by the second telescope, thereby determining the ``true'' orientation of the transverse field. Such an idea was developed and implemented in the Stereoscopic Disambiguation Method (SDM), which was recently tested using numerical simulations. In this work we present a first application of the SDM to data obtained by the High Resolution Telescope (HRT) onboard Solar Orbiter during the March 2022 campaign, when the angle with Earth was 27 degrees. The method is successfully applied to remove the ambiguity in the transverse component of the vector magnetogram solely using observations (from HRT and from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager), for the first time. The SDM is proven to provide observation-only disambiguated vector magnetograms that are spatially homogeneous and consistent. A discussion about the sources of error that may limit the accuracy of the method, and of the strategies to remove them in future applications, is also presented., Comment: 32 pages, 12 figures, accepted in A&A on 09/07/2023

Published
2023
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28. Magnetic fields inferred by Solar Orbiter: A comparison between SO/PHI-HRT and SDO/HMI

Author

Sinjan, J., Calchetti, D., Hirzberger, J., Kahil, F., Valori, G., Solanki, S. K., Albert, K., Jorge, N. Albelo, Alvarez-Herrero, A., Appourchaux, T., Rubio, L. R. Bellot, Rodríguez, J. Blanco, Feller, A., Gandorfer, A., Germerott, D., Gizon, L., Cama, J. M. Gómez, Guerrero, L., Gutierrez-Marques, P., Kolleck, M., Korpi-Lagg, A., Michalik, H., Vacas, A. Moreno, Suárez, D. Orozco, Pérez-Grande, I., Kilders, E. Sanchis, Jiménez, M. Balaguer, Schou, J., Schühle, U., Staub, J., Strecker, H., Iniesta, J. C. del Toro, Volkmer, R., and Woch, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Physics - Space Physics
Abstract

The High Resolution Telescope (HRT) of the Polarimetric and Helioseismic Imager on board the Solar Orbiter spacecraft (SO/PHI) and the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) both infer the photospheric magnetic field from polarised light images. SO/PHI is the first magnetograph to move out of the Sun--Earth line and will provide unprecedented access to the Sun's poles. This provides excellent opportunities for new research wherein the magnetic field maps from both instruments are used simultaneously. We aim to compare the magnetic field maps from these two instruments and discuss any possible differences between them. We used data from both instruments obtained during Solar Orbiter's inferior conjunction on 7 March 2022. The HRT data were additionally treated for geometric distortion and degraded to the same resolution as HMI. The HMI data were re-projected to correct for the $3^{\circ}$ separation between the two observatories. SO/PHI-HRT and HMI produce remarkably similar line-of-sight magnetograms, with a slope coefficient of $0.97$, an offset below $1$ G, and a Pearson correlation coefficient of $0.97$. However, SO/PHI-HRT infers weaker line-of-sight fields for the strongest fields. As for the vector magnetic field, SO/PHI-HRT was compared to both the $720$-second and $90$-second HMI vector magnetic field: SO/PHI-HRT has a closer alignment with the $90$-second HMI vector. In the weak signal regime ($< 600$ G), SO/PHI-HRT measures stronger and more horizontal fields than HMI, very likely due to the greater noise in the SO/PHI-HRT data. In the strong field regime ($\gtrsim 600$ G), HRT infers lower field strengths but with similar inclinations (a slope of $0.92$) and azimuths (a slope of $1.02$). The slope values are from the comparison with the HMI $90$-second vector., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in A&A; manuscript is a part of Astronomy & Astrophysics special issue: Solar Orbiter First Results (Nominal Mission Phase)

Published
2023
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29. Observing M Dwarfs UV and optical flares from a CubeSat and their implications for exoplanets habitability

Author

Poyatos, Julien, Fors, Octavi, and Cama, José Maria Gómez

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

M dwarfs show the highest rocky planet occurrence among all spectral types, in some instances within the Habitable Zone. Because some of them are very active stars, they are often subject to frequent and powerful flaring, which can be a double-edged sword in regard of exoplanet habitability. On one hand, the increased flux during flare events can trigger the chemical reactions that are necessary to build the basis of prebiotic chemistry. On the other hand, sufficiently strong flares may erode exoplanets' atmospheres and reduce their UV protection. Recent observations of flares have shown that the flaring flux can be x100 times stronger in UV than in the optical. UV is also preferable to constrain more accurately both the prebiotic abiogenesis and the atmospheric erosion. For these reasons, we are developing a CubeSat payload concept to complement current flare surveys operating in the optical. This CubeSat will observe a high number of flaring M dwarfs, following an all-sky scanning law coverage, both in the UV and the optical to better understand the different effective temperatures as wavelengths and flaring status go. This will complement the bright optical flares data acquired from the current ground-based, high-cadence, wide FoV surveys. Another scientific planned goal is to conduct few-minute after-the-flare follow-up optical ground-based time-resolved spectroscopy, that will be triggered by the detection of UV flares in space on board of the proposed CubeSat. Finally, the study of M dwarfs stellar activity in the UV band will provide useful data for larger forthcoming missions that will survey exoplanets, such as PLATO, ARIEL, HabEx and LUVOIR., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures. Manuscript presented at the 73rd International Astronautical Congress, IAC 2022, Paris, France, 18 - 22 September 2022

Published
2023

30. Hybrid speciation driven by multilocus introgression of ecological traits

Author

Rosser, Neil, Seixas, Fernando, Queste, Lucie M., Cama, Bruna, Mori-Pezo, Ronald, Kryvokhyzha, Dmytro, Nelson, Michaela, Waite-Hudson, Rachel, Goringe, Matt, Costa, Mauro, Elias, Marianne, Mendes Eleres de Figueiredo, Clarisse, Freitas, André Victor Lucci, Joron, Mathieu, Kozak, Krzysztof, Lamas, Gerardo, Martins, Ananda R. P., McMillan, W. Owen, Ready, Jonathan, Rueda-Muñoz, Nicol, Salazar, Camilo, Salazar, Patricio, Schulz, Stefan, Shirai, Leila T., Silva-Brandão, Karina L., Mallet, James, and Dasmahapatra, Kanchon K.

Published
2024
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31. Effect of non-contact induction heating on HA coatings and bone cement, an ex vivo study [version 2; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]

Author

Robert Kamphof, Dr. Giuseppe Cama, Jeroen Mesman-Vergeer, Dr. Rob G.H.H. Nelissen, and Dr. Bart G.C.W. Pijls

Subjects
Research Article, Articles, PJI, non-contact induction heating, AMR, hydroxyapatite, calcium phosphate, implant coating, acrylic bone cement, PMMA, titanium implants
Abstract

Background Prosthetic joint infection is a serious complication that can arise after total joint replacement surgery. When bacteria colonise an orthopaedic implant, they form biofilms that protect them from their environment, making them difficult to remove. Treatment is further complicated by a global rise of antimicrobial resistance. These protective mechanisms make treatment of prosthetic joint infection increasingly complex. Non-contact induction heating is an upcoming technology that uses heat to eradicate bacteria that are present on the surface of metallic implants. This study aims to provide insight into the feasibility of using non-contact induction heating on metallic implants that are in direct contact with other biomaterials, such as coatings composed of hydroxyapatite and bone cement composed of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Methods Characterisation of hydroxyapatite coatings and adhesion strength tests were conducted according to standards set by the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO 13779-2). The fixation strength of acrylic bone cement was tested according to an adapted method from ISO. Results It was found that non-contact induction heating did not significantly affect the adhesion strength of hydroxyapatite coatings. In contrast to hydroxyapatite coatings, acrylic bone cement softened temporarily as the temperature exceeded the glass transition temperature (83.38 ± 10.88°C). However, the induction heating temperature had no significant effect on the fixation strength after the cement was allowed to cool down. Conclusion This study shows the feasibility of using non-contact induction heating up to 80°C when bone cement or ceramic coatings are present in contact with infected metallic implants.

Published
2024
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36. The on-ground data reduction and calibration pipeline for SO/PHI-HRT

Author

Sinjan, J., Calchetti, D., Hirzberger, J., Suárez, D. Orozco, Albert, K., Jorge, N. Albelo, Appourchaux, T., Alvarez-Herrero, A., Rodríguez, J. Blanco, Gandorfer, A., Germerott, D., Guerrero, L., Marquez, P. Gutierrez, Kahil, F., Kolleck, M., Solanki, S. K., Iniesta, J. C. del Toro, Volkmer, R., Woch, J., Fiethe, B., Cama, J. M. Gómez, Pérez-Grande, I., Kilders, E. Sanchis, Jiménez, M. Balaguer, Rubio, L. R. Bellot, Carmona, M., Deutsch, W., Fernandez-Rico, G., Fernández-Medina, A., Parejo, P. García, Blesa, J. L. Gasent, Gizon, L., Grauf, B., Heerlein, K., Korpi-Lagg, A., Lange, T., Jiménez, A. López, Maue, T., Meller, R., Michalik, H., Vacas, A. Moreno, Müller, R., Nakai, E., Schmidt, W., Schou, J., Schühle, U., Staub, J., Strecker, H., Torralbo, I., and Valori, G.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The ESA/NASA Solar Orbiter space mission has been successfully launched in February 2020. Onboard is the Polarimetric and Helioseismic Imager (SO/PHI), which has two telescopes, a High Resolution Telescope (HRT) and the Full Disc Telescope (FDT). The instrument is designed to infer the photospheric magnetic field and line-of-sight velocity through differential imaging of the polarised light emitted by the Sun. It calculates the full Stokes vector at 6 wavelength positions at the Fe I 617.3 nm absorption line. Due to telemetry constraints, the instrument nominally processes these Stokes profiles onboard, however when telemetry is available, the raw images are downlinked and reduced on ground. Here the architecture of the on-ground pipeline for HRT is presented, which also offers additional corrections not currently available on board the instrument. The pipeline can reduce raw images to the full Stokes vector with a polarimetric sensitivity of $10^{-3}\cdot I_{c}$ or better.

Published
2022
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38. The magnetic drivers of campfires seen by the Polarimetric and Helioseismic Imager (PHI) on Solar Orbiter

Author

Kahil, F., Hirzberger, J., Solanki, S. K., Chitta, L. P., Peter, H., Auchère, F., Sinjan, J., Suárez, D. Orozco, Albert, K., Jorge, N. Albelo, Appourchaux, T., Alvarez-Herrero, A., Rodríguez, J. Blanco, Gandorfer, A., Germerott, D., Guerrero, L., Márquez, P. Gutiérrez, Kolleck, M., Iniesta, J. C. del Toro, Volkmer, R., Woch, J., Fiethe, B., Cama, J. M. Gómez, Pérez-Grande, I., Kilders, E. Sanchis, Jiménez, M. Balaguer, Rubio, L. R. Bellot, Calchetti, D., Carmona, M., Deutsch, W., Fernández-Rico, G., Fernández-Medina, A., Parejo, P. García, Gasent-Blesa, J. L., Gizon, L., Grauf, B., Heerlein, K., Lagg, A., Lange, T., Jiménez, A. López, Maue, T., Meller, R., Michalik, H., Vacas, A. Moreno, uller, R. M\", Nakai, E., Schmidt, W., Schou, J., Schühle, U., Staub, J., Strecker, H., Torralbo, I., Valori, G., Cuadrado, R. Aznar, Teriaca, L., Berghmans, D., Verbeeck, C., Kraaikamp, E., and Gissot, S.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics - Space Physics
Abstract

The Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI) on board the Solar Orbiter (SO) spacecraft observed small extreme ultraviolet (EUV) bursts, termed campfires, that have been proposed to be brightenings near the apexes of low-lying loops in the quiet-Sun atmosphere. The underlying magnetic processes driving these campfires are not understood. During the cruise phase of SO and at a distance of 0.523\,AU from the Sun, the Polarimetric and Helioseismic Imager on Solar Orbiter (SO/PHI) observed a quiet-Sun region jointly with SO/EUI, offering the possibility to investigate the surface magnetic field dynamics underlying campfires at a spatial resolution of about 380~km. In 71\% of the 38 isolated events, campfires are confined between bipolar magnetic features, which seem to exhibit signatures of magnetic flux cancellation. The flux cancellation occurs either between the two main footpoints, or between one of the footpoints of the loop housing the campfire and a nearby opposite polarity patch. In one particularly clear-cut case, we detected the emergence of a small-scale magnetic loop in the internetwork followed soon afterwards by a campfire brightening adjacent to the location of the linear polarisation signal in the photosphere, that is to say near where the apex of the emerging loop lays. The rest of the events were observed over small scattered magnetic features, which could not be identified as magnetic footpoints of the campfire hosting loops. The majority of campfires could be driven by magnetic reconnection triggered at the footpoints, similar to the physical processes occurring in the burst-like EUV events discussed in the literature. About a quarter of all analysed campfires, however, are not associated to such magnetic activity in the photosphere, which implies that other heating mechanisms are energising these small-scale EUV brightenings.

Published
2022
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44. General and abdominal adiposity and hypertension in eight world regions: a pooled analysis of 837 population-based studies with 7·5 million participants

Author

Zhou, Bin, Bennett, James E, Wickham, Aidan P, Singleton, Rosie K, Mishra, Anu, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M, Ikeda, Nayu, Jain, Lakshya, Barradas-Pires, Ana, Heap, Rachel A, Lhoste, Victor PF, Sheffer, Kate E, Phelps, Nowell H, Rayner, Archie W, Gregg, Edward W, Woodward, Mark, Stevens, Gretchen A, Iurilli, Maria LC, Danaei, Goodarz, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Bovet, Pascal, Chen, Zhengming, Damasceno, Albertino, Filippi, Sarah L, Janszky, Imre, Kengne, Andre P, Khang, Young-Ho, Khunti, Kamlesh, Laxmaiah, Avula, Lim, Lee-Ling, Lissner, Lauren, Margozzini, Paula, Mbanya, Jean Claude N, McGarvey, Stephen T, Shaw, Jonathan E, Söderberg, Stefan, Soto-Mota, Luis Adrián, Wang, Junyang, Zaccardi, Francesco, Abarca-Gómez, Leandra, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abdrakhmanova, Shynar, Abdul Ghaffar, Suhaila, Abdul Rahim, Hanan F, Abdurrahmonova, Zulfiya, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M, Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adam, Ishag, Adamczyk, Marzena, Aekplakorn, Wichai, Agdeppa, Imelda A, Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad, Agyemang, Charles, Ahmad, Mohamad Hasnan, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Naser, Ahmadi, Nastaran, Ahmed, Soheir H, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Aitmurzaeva, Gulmira, Ajlouni, Kamel, Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M, Al-Hinai, Halima, Al-Lawati, Jawad A, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Al Asfoor, Deena, Al Hourani, Huda M, Alarouj, Monira, AlBuhairan, Fadia, AlDhukair, Shahla, Ali, Mohamed M, Alieva, Anna V, Alkandari, Abdullah, Alkhatib, Buthaina M, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N, Amiano Etxezarreta, Pilar, Amougou, Norbert, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A, Androutsos, Odysseas, Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Anufrieva, Elena, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Aris, Tahir, Arku, Raphael E, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Aryal, Krishna K, Assah, Felix K, Assembekov, Batyrbek, Assunção, Maria Cecília F, Auvinen, Juha, Avdičová, Mária, Azad, Kishwar, Azevedo, Ana, Azimi-Nezhad, Mohsen, Azizi, Fereidoun, Bacopoulou, Flora, Bahijri, Suhad, Bajramovic, Izet, Balakrishna, Nagalla, 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Marjolein, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vladulescu, Mihaela, Völzke, Henry, Voutilainen, Ari, Vrijheid, Martine, Wade, Alisha N, Wan Bebakar, Wan Mohamad, Wan Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon, Wanderley Júnior, Rildo de Souza, Wang, Chongjian, Wang, Huijun, Wang, Ningli, Wang, Qian, Wang, Xiangjun, Wang, Ya Xing, Wang, Ying-Wei, Wannamethee, S Goya, Wareham, Nicholas, Wartha, Olivia, Weber, Adelheid, Webster-Kerr, Karen, Wedderkopp, Niels, Weghuber, Daniel, Wei, Wenbin, Westbury, Leo, Whincup, Peter H, Wickramasinghe, Kremlin, Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S, Więcek, Andrzej, Wilks, Rainford J, Willeit, Karin, Willeit, Peter, Williams, Julianne, Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong-McClure, Roy A, Wong, Andrew, Wong, Emily B, Wu, Frederick C, Wyszyńska, Justyna, Xu, Haiquan, Xu, Liang, Yaacob, Nor Azwany, Yan, Li, Yan, Weili, Yang, Yang, Yépez García, Martha, Yoosefi, Moein, Yoshihara, Akihiro, Younger-Coleman, Novie O, Yu, Yu-Ling, Yu, Yunjiang, Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi, Zafiropulos, Vassilis, Zainuddin, Ahmad A, Zamani, Farhad, Zambon, Sabina, Zampelas, Antonis, Zapata, Maria Elisa, Zaw, Ko Ko, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Żegleń, Magdalena, Zejglicova, Kristyna, Zeljkovic Vrkic, Tajana, Zhang, Bing, Zhang, Zhen-Yu, Zhecheva, Yanitsa V, Zholdin, Bekbolat, Zimmet, Paul, Zins, Marie, Zuñiga Cisneros, Julio, Zuziak, Monika, and Ezzati, Majid

Published
2024
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47. Evolution of chemical signals in Heliconius butterflies

Author

Cama, Bruna, Dasmahapatra, Kanchon, and Thomas-Oates, Jane

Abstract

Speciation requires a reduction in gene flow between species. This can be achieved even in sympatry if reproductive barrier traits are under divergent ecological or sexual selection. Chemical signals are the oldest form of communication in the living world, and have promoted speciation in many taxa through the process of "sensory drive". Heliconius butterflies are model organisms in speciation, but few studies so far have been carried out on the evolution, genetics, physiology and regulation of their pheromones. In this study, I focus on two types of Heliconius pheromones: male sex pheromones (MSPs) involved in courtship, and antiaphrodisiacs used to enforce female monogamy. I investigated the macroevolution of MSPs across the Heliconiini tribe and found a burst of diversification at the base of the most speciose clade, and also that MSP divergence between sister species is strongly affected by the extent of sympatry. Both patterns are consistent with MSPs role as reproductive barriers in these butterflies. Using genetic crosses between two sympatric sister species, H. elevatus and H. pardalinus, I then mapped QTLs controlling differences in seven putative MSPs, and found that most QTLs were clustered and found in areas of genomic divergence between the species. For comparison with MSPs, I investigated the macroevolution of antiaphrodisiacs. I did not observe any evidence for a role of antiaphrodisiacs in reproductive isolation, but I identified some candidate compounds that may be behaviourally active, and observed an effect of host plant on antiaphrodisiac composition. Lastly, I found that the MSP and antiaphrodisiac blend compositions in H. charithonia and H. atthis, species with different mating strategies, to be strongly age-dependent. Despite these advances, the complexity of chemical signalling in these butterflies remains largely unknown. The candidate compounds and genes that I have uncovered are targets of future research through detailed behavioural assays, and genetic manipulation.

Published
2022

48. Effect of non-contact induction heating on HA coatings and bone cement, an ex vivo study [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]

Author

Robert Kamphof, Dr. Giuseppe Cama, Jeroen Mesman-Vergeer, Dr. Rob G.H.H. Nelissen, and Dr. Bart G.C.W. Pijls

Subjects
Research Article, Articles, PJI, non-contact induction heating, AMR, hydroxyapatite, calcium phosphate, implant coating, acrylic bone cement, PMMA, titanium implants
Abstract

Background Prosthetic joint infection is a serious complication that can arise after total joint replacement surgery. When bacteria colonise an orthopaedic implant, they form biofilms that protect them from their environment, making them difficult to remove. Treatment is further complicated by a global rise of antimicrobial resistance. These protective mechanisms make treatment of prosthetic joint infection increasingly complex. Non-contact induction heating is an upcoming technology that uses heat to eradicate bacteria that are present on the surface of metallic implants. This study aims to provide insight into the feasibility of using non-contact induction heating on metallic implants that are in direct contact with other biomaterials, such as coatings composed of hydroxyapatite and bone cement composed of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Methods Characterisation of hydroxyapatite coatings and adhesion strength tests were conducted according to standards set by the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO 13779-2). The fixation strength of acrylic bone cement was tested according to an adapted method from ISO. Results It was found that non-contact induction heating did not significantly affect the adhesion strength of hydroxyapatite coatings (p=0.697). In contrast to hydroxyapatite coatings, acrylic bone cement softened temporarily as the temperature exceeded the glass transition temperature (83.38 ± 10.88°C). However, the induction heating temperature had no significant effect on the fixation strength after the cement was allowed to cool down (p=0.535). Conclusion This study shows the feasibility of using non-contact induction heating up to 80°C when bone cement or ceramic coatings are present in contact with infected metallic implants.

Published
2024
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49. Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Author

Phelps, Nowell H, Singleton, Rosie K, Zhou, Bin, Heap, Rachel A, Mishra, Anu, Bennett, James E, Paciorek, Christopher J, Lhoste, Victor PF, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M, Stevens, Gretchen A, Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea, Bixby, Honor, Bentham, James, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Danaei, Goodarz, Rayner, Archie W, Barradas-Pires, Ana, Cowan, Melanie J, Savin, Stefan, Riley, Leanne M, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A, Baker, Jennifer L, Barkat, Amina, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Branca, Francesco, Caixeta, Roberta B, Cuschieri, Sarah, Farzadfar, Farshad, Ganapathy, Shubash, Ikeda, Nayu, Iotova, Violeta, Kengne, Andre P, Khang, Young-Ho, Laxmaiah, Avula, Lin, Hsien-Ho, Ma, Jun, Mbanya, Jean Claude N, Miranda, J Jaime, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando, Sorić, Maroje, Turley, Maria, Wang, Limin, Webster-Kerr, Karen, Aarestrup, Julie, Abarca-Gómez, Leandra, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abdeen, Ziad A, Abdrakhmanova, Shynar, Abdul Ghaffar, Suhaila, Abdul Rahim, Hanan F, Abdurrahmonova, Zulfiya, 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Published
2024
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50. Progress Toward Global Dracunculiasis (Guinea Worm Disease) Eradication, January 2023-June 2024

Author

Hopkins, Donald R., Weiss, Adam J., Yerian, Sarah, Zhao, Yujing, Sapp, Sarah G.H., and Cama, Vitaliano A.

Subjects
World Health Organization, Carter Center, Diseases, International economic relations, Disease eradication, Diseases -- Central African Republic -- Cameroon -- Ethiopia -- Chad -- South Sudan -- Guinea -- Mali -- Angola, Domestic cats, Dogs, Dracunculiasis, Cats, Dracunculus medinensis
Abstract

Introduction Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease), caused by the parasite Dracunculus medinensis, is acquired by drinking water containing small crustacean copepods (water fleas) infected with D. medinensis larvae (1). Recent evidence [...]

Published
2024

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