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1. Progress and challenges in advanced ground-based gravitational-wave detectors

Author

Adier, M., Aguilar, F., Akutsu, T., Arain, M. A., Ando, M., Anghinolfi, L., Antonini, P., Aso, Y., Barr, B. W., Barsotti, L., Beker, M. G., Bell, A. S., Bellon, L., Bertolini, A., Blair, C., Blom, M. R., Bogan, C., Bond, C., Bortoli, F. S., Brown, D., Buchler, B. C., Bulten, H. J., Cagnoli, G., Canepa, M., Carbone, L., Cesarini, E., Champagnon, B., Chen, D., Chincarini, A., Chtanov, A., Chua, S. S. Y., Ciani, G., Coccia, E., Conte, A., Cortese, M., Daloisio, M., Damjanic, M., Day, R. A., De Ligny, D., Degallaix, J., Doets, M., Dolique, V., Dooley, K., Dwyer, S., Evans, M., Factourovich, M., Fafone, V., Farinon, S., Feldbaum, D., Flaminio, R., Forest, D., Frajuca, C., Frede, M., Freise, A., Fricke, T., Friedrich, D., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fulda, P., Geitner, M., Gemme, G., Gleason, J., Goßler, S., Gordon, N., Gräf, C., Granata, M., Gras, S., Gross, M., Grote, H., Gustafson, R., Hanke, M., Heintze, M., Hennes, E., Hild, S., Huttner, S. H., Ishidoshiro, K., Izumi, K., Kawabe, K., Kawamura, S., Kawazoe, F., Kasprzack, M., Khalaidovski, A., Kimura, N., Koike, S., Kume, T., Kumeta, A., Kuroda, K., Kwee, P., Lagrange, B., Lam, P. K., Landry, M., Leavey, S., Leonardi, M., Li, T., Liu, Z., Lorenzini, M., Losurdo, G., Lumaca, D., Macarthur, J., Magalhaes, N. S., Majorana, E., Malvezzi, V., Mangano, V., Mansell, G., Marque, J., Martin, R., Martynov, D., Mavalvala, N., McClelland, D. E., Meadors, G. D., Meier, T., Mermet, A., Michel, C., Minenkov, Y., Mow-Lowry, C. M., Mudadu, L., Mueller, C. L., Mueller, G., Mul, F., Nanda Kumar, D., Nardecchia, I., Naticchioni, L., Neri, M., Niwa, Y., Ohashi, M., Okada, K., Oppermann, P., Pinard, L., Poeld, J., Prato, M., Prodi, G. A., Puncken, O., Puppo, P., Quetschke, V., Reitze, D. H., Risson, P., Rocchi, A., Saito, N., Saito, Y., Sakakibara, Y., Sassolas, B., Schimmel, A., Schnabel, R., Schofield, R. M. S., Schreiber, E., Sequino, V., Serra, E., Shaddock, D. A., Shoda, A., Shoemaker, D. H., Shibata, K., Sigg, D., Smith-Lefebvre, N., Somiya, K., Sorazu, B., Stefszky, M. S., Strain, K. A., Straniero, N., Suzuki, T., Takahashi, R., Tanner, D. B., Tellez, G., Theeg, T., Tokoku, C., Tsubono, K., Uchiyama, T., Ueda, S., Vahlbruch, H., Vajente, G., Vorvick, C., van den Brand, J. F. J., Wade, A., Ward, R., Wessels, P., Williams, L., Willke, B., Winkelmann, L., Yamamoto, K., and Zendri, J.-P.

Published
2014
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4. Contactless electromodulation of excitons measured by photoluminescence

Author

Gal, M., Chtanov, A., and Eyland, P.

Subjects
Photoluminescence -- Measurement, Quantum wells -- Research, Optoelectronic devices -- Research, Physics
Abstract

Photomodulated photoluminescence (PMPL) helps study the electromodulation of excitons in single and multiple quantum wells, and is an alternative technique to electroabsorption and photoabsorption. PMPL is easy to implement, especially on samples grown on nontransparent substrates, and does not require sample preparation or sample geometry. This technique can also be used for all types of semiconductor structures.

Published
1994

5. Optimization of Dielectric-Coated Silver Nanoparticle Films for Plasmonic-Enhanced Light Trapping in Thin Film Silicon Solar Cells

Author

Sergey Varlamov, Jongsung Park, Anatoli Chtanov, Svetlana Dligatch, and Jing Rao

Subjects
Magnesium fluoride, Materials science, Silicon, business.industry, Biophysics, chemistry.chemical_element, Dielectric, engineering.material, Biochemistry, Polymer solar cell, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, Polycrystalline silicon, chemistry, Tantalum pentoxide, engineering, Optoelectronics, Plasmonic solar cell, Thin film, business, Biotechnology
Abstract

Surface plasmonic-enhanced light trapping from metal nanoparticles is a promising way of increasing the light absorption in the active silicon layer and, therefore, the photocurrent of the silicon solar cells. In this paper, we applied silver nanoparticles on the rear side of polycrystalline silicon thin film solar cell and systematically studied the dielectric environment effect on the absorption and short-circuit current density (Jsc) of the device. Three different dielectric layers, magnesium fluoride (MgF2, n = 1.4), tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5, n = 2.2), and titanium dioxide (TiO2, n = 2.6), were investigated. Experimentally, we found that higher refractive index dielectric coatings results in a redshift of the main plasmonic extinction peak and higher modes were excited within the spectral region that is of interest in our thin film solar cell application. The optical characterization shows that nanoparticles coated with highest refractive index dielectric TiO2 provides highest absorption enhancement 75.6 %; however, from the external quantum efficiency characterization, highest short-circuit current density Jsc enhancement of 45.8 % was achieved by coating the nanoparticles with lower refractive index MgF2. We also further optimize the thickness of MgF2 and a final 50.2 % Jsc enhancement was achieved with a 210-nm MgF2 coating and a back reflector.

Published
2012
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6. Progress and challenges in advanced ground-based gravitational-wave detectors

Author

MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Barsotti, Lisa, Evans, Matthew J, Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Mavalvala, Nergis, Shoemaker, David H, Smith, Nicolas de Mateo, Adier, M., Aguilar, F., Akutsu, T., Arain, M. A, Ando, M., Anghinolfi, L., Antonini, P., Aso, Y., Barr, B. W, Beker, M. G, Bell, A. S, Bellon, L., Bertolini, A., Blair, C., Blom, M. R, Bogan, C., Bond, C., Bortoli, F. S, Brown, D., Buchler, B. C, Bulten, H. J, Cagnoli, G., Canepa, M., Carbone, L., Cesarini, E., Champagnon, B., Chen, D., Chincarini, A., Chtanov, A., Chua, S. S Y, Ciani, G., Coccia, E., Conte, A., Cortese, M., Daloisio, M., Damjanic, M., Day, R. A, De Ligny, D., Degallaix, J., Doets, M., Dolique, V., Dooley, K., Dwyer, S., Factourovich, M., Fafone, V., Farinon, S., Feldbaum, D., Flaminio, R., Forest, D., Frajuca, C., Frede, M., Freise, A., Fricke, T., Friedrich, D., Frolov, V. V, Fulda, P., Geitner, M., Gemme, G., Gleason, J., Goßler, S., Gordon, N., Gräf, C., Granata, M., Gross, M., Grote, H., Gustafson, R., Hanke, M., Heintze, M., Hennes, E., Hild, S., Huttner, S. H, Ishidoshiro, K., Izumi, K., Kawabe, K., Kawamura, S., Kawazoe, F., Kasprzack, M., Khalaidovski, A., Kimura, N., Koike, S., Kume, T., Kumeta, A., Kuroda, K., Kwee, P., Lagrange, B., Lam, P. K, Landry, M., Leavey, S., Leonardi, M., Li, T., Liu, Z., Lorenzini, M., Losurdo, G., Lumaca, D., Macarthur, J., Magalhaes, N. S, Majorana, E., Malvezzi, V., Mangano, V., Mansell, G., Marque, J., Martin, R., Martynov, D., McClelland, D. E, Meadors, G. D, Meier, T., Mermet, A., Michel, C., Minenkov, Y., Mow-Lowry, C. M, Mudadu, L., Mueller, C. L, Mueller, G., Mul, F., Nanda Kumar, D., Nardecchia, I., Naticchioni, L., Neri, M., Niwa, Y., Ohashi, M., Okada, K., Oppermann, P., Pinard, L., Poeld, J., Prato, M., Prodi, G. A, Puncken, O., Puppo, P., Quetschke, V., Reitze, D. H, Risson, P., Rocchi, A., Saito, N., Saito, Y., Sakakibara, Y., Sassolas, B., Schimmel, A., Schnabel, R., Schofield, R. M S, Schreiber, E., Sequino, V., Serra, E., Shaddock, D. A, Shoda, A., Shibata, K., Sigg, D., Somiya, K., Sorazu, B., Stefszky, M. S, Strain, K. A, Straniero, N., Suzuki, T., Takahashi, R., Tanner, D. B, Tellez, G., Theeg, T., Tokoku, C., Tsubono, K., Uchiyama, T., Ueda, S., Vahlbruch, H., Vajente, G., Vorvick, C., van den Brand, J. F J, Wade, A., Ward, R., Wessels, P., Williams, L., Willke, B., Winkelmann, L., Yamamoto, K., Zendri, J.-P., MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Barsotti, Lisa, Evans, Matthew J, Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Mavalvala, Nergis, Shoemaker, David H, Smith, Nicolas de Mateo, Adier, M., Aguilar, F., Akutsu, T., Arain, M. A, Ando, M., Anghinolfi, L., Antonini, P., Aso, Y., Barr, B. W, Beker, M. G, Bell, A. S, Bellon, L., Bertolini, A., Blair, C., Blom, M. R, Bogan, C., Bond, C., Bortoli, F. S, Brown, D., Buchler, B. C, Bulten, H. J, Cagnoli, G., Canepa, M., Carbone, L., Cesarini, E., Champagnon, B., Chen, D., Chincarini, A., Chtanov, A., Chua, S. S Y, Ciani, G., Coccia, E., Conte, A., Cortese, M., Daloisio, M., Damjanic, M., Day, R. A, De Ligny, D., Degallaix, J., Doets, M., Dolique, V., Dooley, K., Dwyer, S., Factourovich, M., Fafone, V., Farinon, S., Feldbaum, D., Flaminio, R., Forest, D., Frajuca, C., Frede, M., Freise, A., Fricke, T., Friedrich, D., Frolov, V. V, Fulda, P., Geitner, M., Gemme, G., Gleason, J., Goßler, S., Gordon, N., Gräf, C., Granata, M., Gross, M., Grote, H., Gustafson, R., Hanke, M., Heintze, M., Hennes, E., Hild, S., Huttner, S. H, Ishidoshiro, K., Izumi, K., Kawabe, K., Kawamura, S., Kawazoe, F., Kasprzack, M., Khalaidovski, A., Kimura, N., Koike, S., Kume, T., Kumeta, A., Kuroda, K., Kwee, P., Lagrange, B., Lam, P. K, Landry, M., Leavey, S., Leonardi, M., Li, T., Liu, Z., Lorenzini, M., Losurdo, G., Lumaca, D., Macarthur, J., Magalhaes, N. S, Majorana, E., Malvezzi, V., Mangano, V., Mansell, G., Marque, J., Martin, R., Martynov, D., McClelland, D. E, Meadors, G. D, Meier, T., Mermet, A., Michel, C., Minenkov, Y., Mow-Lowry, C. M, Mudadu, L., Mueller, C. L, Mueller, G., Mul, F., Nanda Kumar, D., Nardecchia, I., Naticchioni, L., Neri, M., Niwa, Y., Ohashi, M., Okada, K., Oppermann, P., Pinard, L., Poeld, J., Prato, M., Prodi, G. A, Puncken, O., Puppo, P., Quetschke, V., Reitze, D. H, Risson, P., Rocchi, A., Saito, N., Saito, Y., Sakakibara, Y., Sassolas, B., Schimmel, A., Schnabel, R., Schofield, R. M S, Schreiber, E., Sequino, V., Serra, E., Shaddock, D. A, Shoda, A., Shibata, K., Sigg, D., Somiya, K., Sorazu, B., Stefszky, M. S, Strain, K. A, Straniero, N., Suzuki, T., Takahashi, R., Tanner, D. B, Tellez, G., Theeg, T., Tokoku, C., Tsubono, K., Uchiyama, T., Ueda, S., Vahlbruch, H., Vajente, G., Vorvick, C., van den Brand, J. F J, Wade, A., Ward, R., Wessels, P., Williams, L., Willke, B., Winkelmann, L., Yamamoto, K., and Zendri, J.-P.

Abstract

The Amaldi 10 Parallel Session C3 on Advanced Gravitational Wave detectors gave an overview of the status and several specific challenges and solutions relevant to the instruments planned for a mid-decade start of observation. Invited overview talks for the Virgo, LIGO, and KAGRA instruments were complemented by more detailed discussions in presentations and posters of some instrument features and designs.

Published
2017

7. Progress and challenges in advanced ground-based gravitational-wave detectors

Author

V. V. Frolov, V. Malvezzi, G. L. Mansell, B. Champagnon, R. Flaminio, Benno Willke, V. Dolique, L. Anghinolfi, E. Coccia, Stefan Hild, M. Doets, Andreas Freise, Peter Wessels, A. Rocchi, Denis Martynov, K. Shibata, Joseph Gleason, T. Theeg, L. Pinard, C. L. Mueller, Mirko Prato, D. A. Brown, Takashi Uchiyama, M. Granata, A. Schimmel, P. Risson, Ludovic Bellon, Daniel A. Shaddock, L. Carbone, Felipe Aguilar, M.H. Evans, G. Vajente, M. Adier, M. Stefszky, Guido Mueller, Dominique de Ligny, P. Puppo, Enrico Serra, Alain Mermet, Ettore Majorana, A. Kumeta, I. Nardecchia, Gianpietro Cagnoli, Kimio Tsubono, M. G. Beker, Z. Liu, R. Gustafson, J. P. Zendri, Ayaka Shoda, Kazuaki Kuroda, G. A. Prodi, E. Cesarini, L. Naticchioni, H. J. Bulten, M. Neri, T. T. Fricke, Alessandro Bertolini, Yoshito Niwa, C. Bogan, Kenneth A. Strain, S. E. Dwyer, M. Gross, D. H. Shoemaker, V. Quetschke, Peter Fritschel, D. Sigg, S. Farinon, M. Leonardi, Fumiko Kawazoe, F. Mul, M. Daloisio, D. Feldbaum, A. S. Bell, D. Chen, T. Meier, D. Friedrich, Lutz Winkelmann, J. Macarthur, M. Blom, B. Sassolas, N. D. Smith-Lefebvre, N. Kimura, Hartmut Grote, G. Losurdo, S. Koike, P. Kwee, N. Saito, Y. Saito, Toshikazu Suzuki, T. Kume, Danièle Forest, Ben C. Buchler, Nadja S. Magalhães, A. R. Wade, K. Okada, S. H. Huttner, J. Marque, C. M. Mow-Lowry, Grant David Meadors, R. L. Ward, A. Conte, Seiji Kawamura, C. Vorvick, D. Lumaca, M. Lorenzini, K. Yamamoto, Maik Frede, R. M. S. Schofield, J. F. J. van den Brand, N. Straniero, Y. Sakakibara, Giacomo Ciani, Carlos Frajuca, Kentaro Somiya, Koji Ishidoshiro, R. M. Martin, David H. Reitze, K. Kawabe, O. Puncken, Christian Gräf, M. Cortese, M. Geitner, Ryutaro Takahashi, D. Nanda Kumar, N. A. Gordon, Masaki Ando, Yoichi Aso, M. Factourovich, B. Sorazu, K. L. Dooley, C. Michel, Lisa Barsotti, Slawomir Gras, V. Sequino, K. Izumi, Andrea Chincarini, R. Day, M. A. Arain, P. Fulda, B. Lagrange, David E. McClelland, S. Leavey, F. S. Bortoli, Stefan Goßler, V. Fafone, Masatake Ohashi, Nergis Mavalvala, Jerome Degallaix, P. Antonini, M. Kasprzack, Y. Minenkov, Ping Koy Lam, E. Schreiber, Matthew Heintze, C. Bond, P. Oppermann, Maurizio Canepa, V. Mangano, Eric Hennes, M. M. Hanke, C. Tokoku, David B. Tanner, T. Akutsu, M. Landry, L. Mudadu, Roman Schnabel, T. Li, H. Vahlbruch, Alexander Khalaidovski, Carl Blair, G. Tellez, Sheon Chua, J. Poeld, A. Chtanov, M. Damjanic, S. Ueda, B. Barr, L. Williams, Gianluca Gemme, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés ( LMA ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon ( Phys-ENS ), École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Observatoire de Bédoin, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies ( LPNHE ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] ( ILM ), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel ( LKB (Lhomond) ), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris ( FRDPENS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Virgo, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire ( LAL ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Hubert Curien [Saint Etienne] ( LHC ), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science [Halifax], Dalhousie University [Halifax], Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux Luminescents ( LPCML ), Institute for Cosmic Ray Research ( ICRR ), The University of Tokyo, Meteorological Research Institute [Tsukuba] ( MRI ), Japan Meteorological Agency ( JMA ), Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, (Astro)-Particles Physics, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon (Phys-ENS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Lhomond)), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Hubert Curien (LHC), Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Meteorological Research Institute [Tsukuba] (MRI), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Barsotti, Lisa, Evans, Matthew J, Fritschel, Peter K, Gras, Slawomir, Mavalvala, Nergis, Shoemaker, David H, Smith, Nicolas de Mateo, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire Hubert Curien [Saint Etienne] (LHC), and Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), POWER, [ PHYS.COND.CM-MS ] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Gravitational wave detectors, 0103 physical sciences, KAGRA, Session (computer science), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Physics, Gravitational wave, Detector, Astronomy, [ SDU.ASTR.IM ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Optics, Interferometry, LIGO, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], LIGHT, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], MODES, [ PHYS.ASTR.IM ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM]
Abstract

The Amaldi 10 Parallel Session C3 on Advanced Gravitational Wave detectors gave an overview of the status and several specific challenges and solutions relevant to the instruments planned for a mid-decade start of observation. Invited overview talks for the Virgo, LIGO, and KAGRA instruments were complemented by more detailed discussions in presentations and posters of some instrument features and designs. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York.

Published
2014
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8. Differential optical detection of hydrogen gas in the atmosphere

Author

M. Gal and A Chtanov

Subjects
Battery (electricity), Hydrogen, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, Metals and Alloys, Response time, chemistry.chemical_element, Condensed Matter Physics, Hydrogen sensor, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Atmosphere, Optics, Transmission (telecommunications), chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Instrumentation, Sensitivity (electronics)
Abstract

In this publication, we describe a sensitive hydrogen detector based on the differential optical transmission of visible (or near infra red) light through a multi-layer, Pd containing sensor. Due to the differential nature of the technique, this hydrogen detector is insensitive to spurious effects that often cause false readings and/or drifts in single-sensor detectors. Using this technique, we built a small hand-held and battery operated hydrogen detector with excellent chemical selectivity, high sensitivity and short response time.

Published
2001
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9. Excitation-intensity-dependent photoluminescence in semiconductor quantum wells due to internal electric fields

Author

T. Baars, Michael Gal, and A. Chtanov

Subjects
Physics, Photoluminescence, Condensed matter physics, Quantum wire, Electric field, Quantum-confined Stark effect, Intensity (heat transfer), Energy (signal processing), Quantum well, Excitation
Abstract

Low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) has been studied in several III-V single-quantum-well (SQW) samples. We have observed shifts of the PL peak energy as a function of the excitation intensity which, we show, are due to the quantum confined Stark effect (QCSE) caused by the internal electric field at the surface and/or heterointerfaces in the samples. The experimentally measured PL peak shifts in ${\mathrm{In}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As/GaAs and ${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As/GaAs SQW's are compared with calculations based on the QCSE and excellent agreement is found. The magnitude of the internal field determined from the PL analysis coincides with the value for the electric field obtained from photoreflectance measurements on the same samples, at the same temperatures. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

Published
1996
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10. Ultra-low-reflectance, high-uniformity, multilayer-antireflection coatings on large substrates deposited using an ion-beam sputtering system with a customized planetary rotation stage

Author

Anatoli Chtanov, Svetlana Dligatch, and Mark Gross

Subjects
Wavelength, Optics, Materials science, Optical coating, Ion beam, business.industry, Sputtering, Substrate (electronics), Sputter deposition, business, Rotation, Layer (electronics)
Abstract

A customized planetary rotation stage has been fitted to a commercial ion beam sputter coater to enable the deposition of high uniformity, multilayer optical coatings on large substrates without the use of masks. Uniformity in this system achieved by sequentially depositing each layer in two fixed locations in the sputtered particle plume where the geometry of the natural thickness distributions on a rotating substrate in these locations are of complementary shape and add to produce an overall uniform layer. The modified planetary stage allows substrate rotation about its own axis at any fixed position of the substrate centre about the axis of the planetary system. The suitable locations in the plume of each material that allow maximum uniformity are found by trial and error refinement of locations obtained by modelling of the plume distribution and expected thickness distributions. Ellipsometric monitoring of the thickness of the layer in each fixed position is used to determine the precise ratio of thicknesses in each location needed to obtain the correct total layer thickness simultaneously with high uniformity. The system has thus far enabled single wavelength antireflection coatings of less than 0.001% reflectance to be fabricated over 270 mm diameter substrates. This requires the film thickness uniformity on all layers to be less than ± 0.2%. In addition, 4-layer, dual wavelength antireflection coatings have been fabricated with less than 0.01% reflectance on both wavelengths over similar substrate dimensions.

Published
2011
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11. Multi-wavelength Laser Ellipsometer for in-situ Monitoring of Optical Coatings

Author

Anatoli Chtanov, Svetlana Dligatch, and Mark Gross

Subjects
In situ, Materials science, business.industry, Physics::Optics, Laser, Multiplexing, law.invention, Wavelength, Optical coating, Optics, law, Ellipsometry, Optoelectronics, Physics::Atomic Physics, Electronics, Thin film, business
Abstract

A multichannel ellipsometer with several multiplexed lasers operating at different wavelengths was developed. It has a number of advantages such as high signal-to-noise ratio, precisely known and stable wavelengths with small linewidths and simple electronics.

Published
2010
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12. Contactless electromodulation of excitons measured by photoluminescence

Author

P. Eyland, A. Chtanov, and Gal Michael

Subjects
Photoluminescence, Chemistry, business.industry, Modulation, Sample geometry, Multiple quantum, Exciton, General Physics and Astronomy, Optoelectronics, Sample preparation, Spectral shift, business, Quantum well
Abstract

An optical modulation technique has been used to observe the electromodulation of photoluminescence in single and multiple quantum wells. It is shown that this photomodulated photoluminescence technique can yield similar information to that obtained from electroabsorption and photoabsorption experiments but, because it does not require special sample geometry or sample preparation, it is easier to implement, especially in the case of samples grown on nontransparent substrates.

Published
1994
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13. Photo-modulated photoluminescence in III-V semiconductor quantum wells

Author

Michael Gal, T. Baars, and A. Chtanov

Subjects
Photoluminescence, Materials science, business.industry, Modulation, Electric field, Nonlinear optics, Optoelectronics, Emission spectrum, business, Spectroscopy, Intensity modulation, Quantum well
Abstract

We have developed a new technique of modulated photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. We show that the signal detected at twice the modulation frequency of the exciting light contains information about the non-linear processes similar to photo-modulated PL experiments. We attribute this non-linear PL signal to the optical modulation of the internal electric field of the quantum well (QW) samples. The method allows the separation of overlapping PL emission lines and provides the emission parameters of the separated lines, even when the PL spectrum itself appears to be featureless.

Published
2002
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15. Optical properties of uniform, porous, amorphous Ta2O5coatings on silica: temperature effects

Author

M Neri, M. Gross, Maurizio Canepa, Mirko Prato, Gianluca Gemme, L Anghinolfi, Andrea Chincarini, and A. Chtanov

Subjects
Materials science, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Annealing (metallurgy), business.industry, Band gap, Analytical chemistry, engineering.material, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Amorphous solid, Optics, Coating, Absorption edge, Volume fraction, engineering, Porosity, business, Refractive index
Abstract

We present spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) results, in the 0.75–5 eV spectral range, obtained on highly uniform Ta2O5 coatings deposited on high-quality silica substrates by ion sputtering. The study was motivated mainly by issues related to the exploitation of Ta2O5–SiO2 λ/4 multilayers in detectors of gravitational waves. Two sets of samples with nominal thicknesses of 40 and 500 nm were considered. A sub-set of samples was treated with post-growth annealing in air for several hours at temperatures Tann up to 600 °C. The SE data were complemented with photothermal common-path interferometry measurements at 1064 nm providing data about absorption losses in the 1–4 ppm range. SE data, taken at room temperature, were analysed by exploiting three different three-phase (substrate/film/surface) models (Cody–Lorentz, Tauc–Lorentz and Herzinger–Johs) of the fundamental absorption edge. Following the literature (Stenzel 2009 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 42 055312) the simulations exploited a graded nano-porosity inside the coating, testing both the shape and composition of the pores. The best simulation of data was obtained using the Cody–Lorentz approach and a quasi-uniform density (6–7.5%) of empty spherical pores, slowly degrading from the substrate/film interface towards the film/ambient interface. A comparison with the literature indicated a high stoichiometric quality of the coatings. The analysis of samples annealed to increasingly higher Tann showed (i) a slight blue-shift of the energy gap (ii) an increase in the pore volume fraction, (iii) an increase (1–2%) in the coating thickness, (iv) a small (less than 1%) reduction in the index of refraction in the transparency region and (v) a limited increase in absorption losses. These findings were interpreted in terms of a release of the compressive strain inherent to the deposition process.

Published
2013
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17. Electromodulation of excitons in quantum wells measured by photoluminescence

Author

A. Chtanov, Gal Michael, and P. Eyland

Subjects
Semiconductor, Photoluminescence, Materials science, business.industry, Exciton, Optical engineering, Optoelectronics, Sample preparation, Luminescence, business, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Quantum well
Abstract

In this paper, we shall describe a modulated photoluminescence technique which, in semiconductors quantum wells, provides results similar to the conventional electromodulated absorption measurements. The advantage of this new technique is that it can be used on as grown samples or devices without the need for elaborate sample geometries or sample preparation which are necessary in the modulated absorption measurements.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Published
1995
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22. Optimization of coating uniformity in an ion beam sputtering system using a modified planetary rotation method

Author

Anatoli Chtanov, Mark Gross, and Svetlana Dligatch

Subjects
Masking (art), Ion beam sputtering, Materials science, Rotation method, Ion beam, business.industry, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Analytical chemistry, Substrate (printing), engineering.material, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Laser interferometry, Optics, Optical coating, Coating, Sputtering, engineering, Optoelectronics, Thin film, Business and International Management, business, Refractive index, Optical depth
Abstract

A modified planetary rotation system has been developed to obtain high uniformity optical coatings on large substrates in an ion beam sputter coater. The system allows the normally fixed sun gear to rotate, thus allowing an extra degree of freedom and permitting more complex motions to be used. By moving the substrate platen between two fixed positions around the sun axis, averaging of the distributions at these two positions takes place and improved uniformity can be achieved. A peak-to-valley radial uniformity of ∼0.15% (∼0.07% rms) on a single layer film on a 400 mm diameter substrate has been achieved without the aid of masking.

Published
2011
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25. Optical properties of uniform, porous, amorphous Ta2O5 coatings on silica: temperature effects.

Author

Anghinolfi, L, Prato, M, Chtanov, A, Gross, M, Chincarini, A, Neri, M, Gemme, G, and Canepa, M

Subjects
TANTALUM oxide films, SILICA films, SPUTTERING (Physics), ATOMIC layer deposition, OPTICAL properties of metallic films, GRAVITATIONAL wave detectors, INTERFEROMETRY, OPTICAL properties, BAND gaps, MATHEMATICAL models
Abstract

We present spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) results, in the 0.75–5 eV spectral range, obtained on highly uniform Ta2O5 coatings deposited on high-quality silica substrates by ion sputtering. The study was motivated mainly by issues related to the exploitation of Ta2O5–SiO2λ/4 multilayers in detectors of gravitational waves. Two sets of samples with nominal thicknesses of 40 and 500 nm were considered. A sub-set of samples was treated with post-growth annealing in air for several hours at temperatures Tann up to 600 °C. The SE data were complemented with photothermal common-path interferometry measurements at 1064 nm providing data about absorption losses in the 1–4 ppm range. SE data, taken at room temperature, were analysed by exploiting three different three-phase (substrate/film/surface) models (Cody–Lorentz, Tauc–Lorentz and Herzinger–Johs) of the fundamental absorption edge. Following the literature (Stenzel 2009 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.42 055312) the simulations exploited a graded nano-porosity inside the coating, testing both the shape and composition of the pores. The best simulation of data was obtained using the Cody–Lorentz approach and a quasi-uniform density (6–7.5%) of empty spherical pores, slowly degrading from the substrate/film interface towards the film/ambient interface. A comparison with the literature indicated a high stoichiometric quality of the coatings. The analysis of samples annealed to increasingly higher Tann showed (i) a slight blue-shift of the energy gap (ii) an increase in the pore volume fraction, (iii) an increase (1–2%) in the coating thickness, (iv) a small (less than 1%) reduction in the index of refraction in the transparency region and (v) a limited increase in absorption losses. These findings were interpreted in terms of a release of the compressive strain inherent to the deposition process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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28. Ultra-low-reflectance, high-uniformity, multilayer-antireflection coatings on large substrates deposited using an ion-beam sputtering system with a customized planetary rotation stage

Author

Dligatch, Svetlana, Gross, Mark, and Chtanov, Anatoli

Abstract

A customized planetary rotation stage has been fitted to a commercial ion beam sputter coater to enable the deposition of high uniformity, multilayer optical coatings on large substrates without the use of masks. Uniformity in this system achieved by sequentially depositing each layer in two fixed locations in the sputtered particle plume where the geometry of the natural thickness distributions on a rotating substrate in these locations are of complementary shape and add to produce an overall uniform layer. The modified planetary stage allows substrate rotation about its own axis at any fixed position of the substrate centre about the axis of the planetary system. The suitable locations in the plume of each material that allow maximum uniformity are found by trial and error refinement of locations obtained by modelling of the plume distribution and expected thickness distributions. Ellipsometric monitoring of the thickness of the layer in each fixed position is used to determine the precise ratio of thicknesses in each location needed to obtain the correct total layer thickness simultaneously with high uniformity. The system has thus far enabled single wavelength antireflection coatings of less than 0.001% reflectance to be fabricated over 270 mm diameter substrates. This requires the film thickness uniformity on all layers to be less than ± 0.2%. In addition, 4-layer, dual wavelength antireflection coatings have been fabricated with less than 0.01% reflectance on both wavelengths over similar substrate dimensions.

Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

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