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The aim of this study was to determine the role of surgical stress on the formation of p53-positive and dark neurons (DN) in the hippocampus, and to examine the parallelism of their formation in the pyramidal layer of the hippocampus.Simulated septoplasty was performed on 20 Wistar rats. The hippocampus and dentate gyrus (DG) were examined, in which the number of DN and p53-positive neurons was determined at 2, 4 and 6 days after surgery.Compared with the control group (n = 5), the number of DN and p53-positive neurons increased in experimental animals at all periods. A direct relationship was obtained between the increase in the number of DN and p53-positive neurons in the hippocampal formation.Septoplasty simulation in rats results in the pathogenetic cascades onset, which, in its turn, changes the morpho-functional properties of neurons of the pyramidal layer of the hippocampus and contributes to their neuroplasticity. Activation of NMDS receptors of neurons during stress apparently, initiates two ways of neuron life – the beginning of p53 protein expression and the DN formation. Both ways can finally lead to apoptosis. The formation of dark neurons and the expression of the p53 protein in them are most likely to be interconnected and can probably provide neuroprotective mechanisms.

A significant limitation in the targeted and systematic training of future health workers in professional communication skills is the lack of a coordinated approach in the professional community of medical education specialists on the methodology of teaching and assessing communicative competence. An initiative working group is currently working. All interested persons are invited to participate in the work of the group.

The reaction of ethyl isopropylidenecyanoacetate with ethyl 3-amino-3-thioxopropanoate gave rise to ethyl 4,4-dimethyl-6-oxo-2-thioxo-5-cyanopiperidine-3-carboxylate whose alkylation provided ethyl 2-benzylsulfanyl-4,4-dimethyl-6-oxo-5-cyano-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylate, ethyl 5-benzyl-2-benzylsulfanyl-4,4-dimethyl-6-oxo-5-cyano-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylate, and ethyl 7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-6-cyano-3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxylate.

The mechanism for the tranformation of the nitrile group into an amide and the biological properties of title compounds (III) are under investigation.

The use of chalcogen amides of cyanoacetic acid in the synthesis of nicotinic acid nitriles by means of the Michael reaction is well known [1–3]. On the other hand, the transformation of the nitrile group as a substituent in the pyridine ring into an amide [4], ester [5], or acid group [6] requires relatively rigorous conditions, similar to most reactions of nitriles [7]. We have found that cyclopentylidenecyanoacetamide 1a and cyclohexylidenecyanoacetamide 1b react under conditions of the Michael reaction with acetoacetanilide 2a or ethyl acetoacetate 2b to give functionalized spiro-substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronicotinamides 3a,b in good yields. The mechanism for the transformation of the nitrile group into an amide group, the scope of this reaction, and the chemical and biological properties of products 3a,b are under investigation.