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Atomic-force microscopy methods were used to study specimens of cathodes of multiwire proportional chambers subjected to a long-term exposure to a β-source 90Sr in the course of laboratory longevity tests. The changes in the surface morphology of the copper foil at the detector cathode that have occurred as a result of action of an electron beam have been described. The quantitative estimate and analysis of the evolution of radiation defects depending on the irradiation dose are presented. The similarity of the radiation-induced defects in the laboratory prototypes and in the full-scale proportional chambers after their use for 10 years at the Large Hadron Collider is demonstrated.

A novel pathway is proposed for the formation of branched poly(ethylene phosphate)s during the coordination ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ethylene phosphates catalyzed by a 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy (BHT) magnesium complex, [(BHT)Mg(μ-OBn)(THF)]2 (Mg1). Electron-donating fragments in the substituents at the P atom of the ethylene phosphates and the stability of chelate Mg complexes were hypothesized to drive the formation of ethylene phosphate macromonomers. This hypothesis was validated through a comparative experimental and theoretical study of the ROP reactivity of the ethylene phosphates with –O(CH2)nCOOMe (n = 1–3, 5), –CH2COOtBu, –OCHMeCOOMe, and –OCH2CONMe2 substituents (1–7). In good agreement with the results of theoretical modeling, glycolate- and lactate-substituted ethylene phosphates 1, 5, and 6 formed highly branched polymers, and the participation of the BHT-Mg glycolate intermediate in ROP was confirmed by the presence of –P(O)(OCH2COOMe)2 fragments in the homopolymer of 1. Notably, the reaction of amide-substituted 7 with Mg1 quantitatively afforded benzyl ethylene phosphate without subsequent ROP. The copolymerization of 1 with ethyl ethylene phosphonate furnished branched polymers, the architectures of which were determined by spectral and rheological studies. Consequently, new –OCH2COX substituted cyclic phosphates can be used as efficient branching (X = OR) or chain termination (X = NR2) agents.

The evolution of the structure of copper foil on the cathodes of prototype CMS chambers is studied, depending on the conditions of irradiation. Samples of the cathodes of the chamber prototypes are examined comprehensively after prolonged irradiation with a 90Sr β-source. The surface morphology of the copper foil on the cathodes caused by radiation damage from electrons is discussed.

The secondary proton polarization and differential cross sections of the ( $$p,p^{\prime}$$ ) inelastic reaction on nuclei $${}^{9}$$ Be and $${}^{90}$$ Zr at the initial proton energy of 1 GeV were measured over a wide range of the scattered proton momenta at a laboratory angle of $$\Theta=21^{\circ}$$ . Scattered protons were detected by means of the magnetic spectrometer equipped with a polarimeter based on multiwire proportional chambers and carbon analyzer. A structure in the polarization and cross section data, related probably to the quasielastic scattering off nucleon correlations in the $${}^{9}$$ Be and $${}^{90}$$ Zr nuclei, was observed as earlier in the same data for the $${}^{12}$$ C, $${}^{28}$$ Si, $${}^{40}$$ Ca and $${}^{56}$$ Fe nuclei. A difference in the momentum distributions of the scattering cross section ratios for the $${}^{90}$$ Zr and $${}^{12}$$ C nuclei and for the $${}^{90}$$ Zr and $${}^{9}$$ Be nuclei was observed.

The new results of cathode surface degradation in muon proportional chambers of CMS after a long-term irradiation with a 90Sr β-source are presented. The data of the complex analysis of the copper foil samples from the cathode are shown. The AFM method revealed the general radiation damage of the copper surface and the dynamics of its change. It is clearly demonstrated that the revealed development of the radiation erosion on the cathode is a result of electron irradiation. Moreover, the nature of erosion and level of the destruction of copper are associated with irradiation intensity. The study of the elemental and phase composition together with the data of structural analysis allowed us to single out the stages of the radiation aging of the copper surface on the cathodes and consider the processes which are at the basis of them.

A method is presented for restoring the performance of gas discharge detectors wherein a spontaneous self-sustaining current, i.e., Malter effect, occurs. A successful practical implementation of the method is demonstrated by the example of recovery of operability for multiwire proportional chambers used in the muon detector of the LHCb experiment carried out at the Large Hadron Collider. Four proportional chambers wherein Malter currents regularly occur during the experiment were subjected to high-voltage discharge training in the working gas mixture of 40% Ar + 55% CO2 + 5% CF4 with 2% of oxygen added. It is shown that, with addition of oxygen, the recovery of the proportional chambers occurs tens of times faster in compare to the training in the working gas mixture. The reconstructed chambers were installed in the LHCb muon detector and have been working in a collider beam experiment for more than two years already.

In bone surgery and orthopedics, bioresorbable materials can be helpful in bone repair and countering post-op infections. Explicit antibacterial activity, osteoinductive and osteoconductive effects are essential to achieving this objective. Nonwoven electrospun (ES) fibers are receiving the close attention of physicians as promising materials for wound dressing and tissue engineering, potentially, in high contrast with dense materials, ES mats hamper regeneration of the bone extracellular matrix to a lesser extent. The use of the compositions of inherently biodegradable polyesters (poly(ε-caprolactone) PCL, poly(lactoglycolide), etc.), calcium phosphates and antibiotics is highly prospective, but the task of forming ES fibers from such compositions is complicated by the incompatibility of the main organic and inorganic ingredients, polyesters and calcium phosphates. In the present research we report the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles with uniform morphology, and demonstrate high efficiency of the block copolymer of PCL and poly(ethylene phosphoric acid) (PEPA) as an efficient compatibilizer for PCL/HAp mixtures that are able to form ES fibers with improved mechanical characteristics. The materials obtained in the presence of vancomycin exhibited incremental drug release against Staphylococcus aureus (St. aureus).

Aim. The presented study aims to examine, analyze, and systematize scientific knowledge in the field of infrastructure systems for the formation of conditions for creating competitive modern enterprises based on IT technologies.Tasks. The authors define the concept of innovation infrastructure; analyze the external and internal environment of providing a competitive infrastructure for business structures; determine the specific aspects of the formation of theoretical foundations of infrastructure support for the competitiveness of business structures; examine the potential for the digitalization of the economy in the infrastructure support for the creation of competitiveness of business structures.Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition to critically analyze modern mechanisms of infrastructure support for the competitive advantages of innovation-oriented business structures.Results. External institutions participating in the innovation process in Russia are examined and typified. Their specific features are identified, and the history of their formation and role in the infrastructure are described. The concept of infrastructure support is examined. A correlation between innovation infrastructure and the creation of the competitive advantages of business structures is established.Conclusions. Based on the examined materials, the authors describe the prospects of using modern information technologies in the design of infrastructure for innovative projects. The study provides recommendations for the transformation of competitiveness support institutions and modernization of the management of the internal elements of innovative business infrastructure in the context of the digitalization of the economy. The authors create prerequisites for the development of an advanced digital application that would combine and balance a lot of data and aspects of infrastructure support for the competitiveness of business structures, improving the efficiency of development of innovative projects, their implementation, and management of business structure competitiveness.

The carbon and oxygen isotope composition of secondary carbonates from acidic effusives in the top of the pre-Jurassic complex of the West Siberian plate (Tomsk Region) was studied. The siderite values of δ13С (VPDB) and δ18О (VSMOW) vary from –6.6 to –2.4‰ and from 7.8 to 12.3‰, while the calcite values vary from –8.9 to –8.4‰ and from 2.5 to 3.7‰, respectively. The light oxygen isotope composition indicates that the carbonates were from medium- and low-temperature hydrothermal solutions.

The carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of secondary carbonates from acidic effusives fro investigated. Ϭ13С (VPDB) and Ϭ18О (VSMOW) values of siderite vary from –6,6 to –2,4‰ m the top of the Western Siberia pre-Jurassic complex (Tomsk Region) was and from 7,8 to 12,3‰, while Ϭ13С and Ϭ18О values of calcite vary from –8,9 to –8,4‰ and from 2,5 to 3,7‰ respectively. Light oxygen isotopic composition indicates formation of studied carbonates from heated hydrothermal solutions.

It is well known that ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of sterically unhindered cyclic ethylene phosphates, initiated by both organocatalysts and coordination catalysts, is accompanied by transesterification (TE) even at subzero temperatures. To clarify this phenomenon from the mechanistic point of view, we calculated (DFT, B3PW91/DGTZVP) the reaction profiles of the ROP for 2-methoxy-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane-2-oxide (methyl ethylene phosphate, MeOEP) and of the transesterification processes for poly(MeOEP) and trimethyl phosphate (TMP) in the presence of 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD) organocatalyst. We found that the free activation energy of TE is substantially higher (10–13 kcal/mol) than the ROP activation barrier. To verify the calculation results, we investigated the chemical behavior of low molecular weight trimethyl phosphate (TMP) in the TBD-catalyzed polymerization of MeOEP. We demonstrated that TMP was not affected by transesterification, which correlates with the calculation results. However, we found that the polymerization of MeOEP in the presence of TMP leads to the formation of linear poly(MeOEP) with given Pn and narrow MWD even at >99% monomer conversion degree. A similar pattern was revealed for the synthesis of poly(MeOEP) with the coordination catalyst of aryloxy-alkoxy magnesium complex [(BHT)Mg(μ-OBn)(THF)]2 (BHT = 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy). To explain the difference in the chemical behavior of TMP and polyphosphate, we assumed that poly(MeOEP) in the solution represents a dense globule, which leads to a decrease in the entropy of transesterification. To confirm this assumption, we studied the solution behavior of poly(MeOEP) in CHCl3 and in TMP. Both CHCl3 and TMP were found to be poor solvents for poly(MeOEP) in terms of KMH solution theory (α = 0.53 and 0.33, respectively). We assume that it is the conformation of the polymer in the solution that determines the tendency of the polyphosphate towards transesterification.

A study of secondary alterations of felsic effusives with reservoir properties from the top of the West Siberian pre-Jurassic complex (Tomsk Region) was performed. The lithological, petrographic, and mineralogical features of these rocks indicate their alterations by low-temperature hydrothermal solutions, while the weathering products that are widespread at the top of the basement have not been clearly identified. The reservoir properties of the studied rocks are probably due to fracturing and leaching.

The study of secondary changes of acidic effusives with reservoir properties from the top of the Western Siberia pre-Jurassic complex (Tomsk Region) was produced. Lithological, petrographic and mineralogical features of these rocks indicate their change by low-temperature hydrothermal solutions, while weathering products, which are widely spread at the top of the basement, have not been clearly defined. Reservoir properties of studied rocks were formed probably due to fracturing and leaching.

The paper describes the investigation of the effect of functionalized carbon 1D nanostructures (single- or multiwalled nanotubes, nanofibers with a relatively smooth or highly disordered outer surface) on the level of interfacial interactions in filled vulcanizates. It is found that functionalization of nanoparticles with carbon black is accompanied by formation of hybrid structures in phase of filler that leads to increasing vulcanizate stiffness. Functionalization of nanoparticles by polyfunctional polymers increases the level of interfacial interactions on the vulcanizate-textile cord border without deterioration of the complex of elastic-strength properties.

Catalytic ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic esters (lactides, lactones) and cyclic ethylene phosphates is an effective way to process materials with regulated hydrophilicity and controlled biodegradability. Random copolymers of cyclic monomers of different chemical nature are highly attractive due to their high variability of characteristics. Aryloxy-alkoxy complexes of non-toxic metals such as derivatives of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy magnesium (BHT-Mg) complexes are effective coordination catalysts for homopolymerization of all types of traditional ROP monomers. In the present paper, we report the results of density functional theory (DFT) modeling of BHT-Mg-catalyzed copolymerization for lactone/lactide, lactone/ethylene phosphate and lactide/ethylene phosphate mixtures. &epsilon, Caprolactone (&epsilon, CL), l-lactide (l-LA) and methyl ethylene phosphate (MeOEP) were used as examples of monomers in DFT simulations by the Gaussian-09 program package with the B3PW91/DGTZVP basis set. Both binuclear and mononuclear reaction mechanistic concepts have been applied for the calculations of the reaction profiles. The results of calculations predict the possibility of the formation of random copolymers based on l-LA/MeOEP, and substantial hindrance of copolymerization for &epsilon, CL/l-LA and &epsilon, CL/MeOEP pairs. From the mechanistic point of view, the formation of highly stable five-membered chelate by the products of l-LA ring-opening and high donor properties of phosphates are the key factors that rule the reactions. The results of DFT modeling have been confirmed by copolymerization experiments.

Изучены естественное ландшафтное экологическое разнообразие Байкальского заповедника, собран гидрологический и геоботанический материал долины реки Переёмная Республики Бурятия, описан растительный покров долины данной реки. Впервые для данной территории было проведено детальное гидрологическое изучение реки Переёмная и её притоков, проведено комплексное описание северного макросклона Хамар-Дабана. Были описаны водотоки реки Переёмная. По ключевым участкам было изучено ландшафтное разнообразие, их современное состояние и составлена комплексная ландшафтная карта.

Проанализировано состояние и последствия лесных пожаров, дана оценка современного состояния и последствий лесных пожаров на территории Приволжского федерального округа, проведен территориальный анализ состояния и последствий лесных пожаров на территории ПФО, предложены меры по защите лесов от пожаров.

В работе рассматриваются сущность и значение экологического воспитания и образования различных возрастных категорий городского населения, анализируются формы и методы экологического воспитания, раскрывается роль администрации и общественных движений г. Казани в экологическом образовании и воспитании горожан.

Environmental problems aggravation in Russian regions and especially in urbanized areas is associated with an increased load on the environment from industrial enterprises and various types of transport. At present, any enterprise that uses natural resources is a powerful source of environmental pollution the impact of which can be reduced only with the complete greening of production and the implementation of environmental strategies. One of the strategic directions for city or region ecological safety formation can be the study of ecological activity area formation of an industrial enterprise as an indicator of increasing the ecological efficiency of its environmental protection activities, directions and prospects for reducing the harmful effect on all the main natural components.

The research aim is to develop the most effective technology of Ivan-tea cultivation, as well as methods for fermenting plant leaves to produce black and red tea As a result of laboratory research and field experiments, a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of direct and seedling methods for the cultivation of fireweed was carried out; the identified responsiveness of fireweed seed to presowing seed treatment with growth regulators; established the optimal concentration of applied growth regulators and organic fertilizers for presowing treatment of seeds; a comprehensive system of crop protection Ivan-tea from pests and to obtain data on the possibility of using direct seeding of seeds of willow-herb in open ground for seed reproduction; methods of improvement of vegetative reproduction of cypress by rhizomes which in aggregate allow to draw a conclusion about success of the carried-out researches are developed. The proposed method for processing raw materials from cultivated and wild plants allows to obtain an innovative product with high commercialization potential, which enables to recommend it for introduction into food, agricultural, processing and pharmaceutical practices

Problems of determining of bearing ability of a ground on a route of the walking robot with orthogonal drives are considered. The approach for definition of bearing ability of a ground with use of a support orthogonal walking drives a method of penetration is offered. The architecture of information - measuring system of the walking robot providing movement on a route with determining of bearing ability of a ground is offered.

The article is dedicated to thermographic bench inspection of the rubber-cord pneumatic spring with or without air damper at different operating volumes. It also describes an experimental model, a procedure and results of thermographic bench tests of the rubber-cord pneumatic spring.

The polarization of the secondary protons in the inelastic (p, p') reaction on the 40Ca nucleus at the initial proton energy 1 GeV was measured in a wide range of the scattered proton momenta at a laboratory angle Θ = 21°. The final protons from the reaction have been detected using the magnetic spectrometer equipped with multiwire-proportional chambers polarimeter. A structure of the polarization data, related probably to scattering off the nucleon correlations in the nucleus, has been observed.

An important role among machines for sea bottom exploration is assigned to the autonomous ground devices. Some rescue tasks also require subsea robotic devices. The main purpose of the work is to investigate and improve adaptive characteristics, traction properties and control methods of cyclic walking movers in underwater conditions. Traction properties of walking machines, which moves at sea bottom was analyzed. Some experience of development and experimental tests of the walking robot “Vosminog”, designed for work at weak and waterlogged grounds. Dynamic model of a walking machine has been shown. Studied an opportunity to increase adaptive characteristics and shape passableness of walking machines. Also design and results of underwater tests of subsea walking unit MAK-1 are discussed. During tests the performance of a walking unit has been checked and the influence of design features of a walking mover on its traction characteristics and ground passability has been investigated. Some details about control system, power system and energy usage, vertical motions and accelerations for different types of walking and conditions of movement has been given. Also, certain attention was given to testing of methods of standalone movement control of subsea unit in conditions of incomplete and ambiguous vision of current situation. Tests have shown that walking movers in subsea conditions can provide higher traction properties, in comparison with wheeled and tracked ones. The unit can be used for exploration of seabed resources and for rescue tasks.

The motion of a mobile robot with orthogonal walking drives is considered. The problem of reducing power consumption of drive motors for overcoming the forces of linear viscous resistance and nonlinear forces of dry friction in the case of straight motion of the robot is considered. Methods of variational calculus are used to determine the optimal program law of motion from the condition of minimum thermal losses of drive electric motors.

The polarization correlation parameter Cnn in the elastic proton-proton scattering was for the first time measured with a high statistical accuracy at 1 GeV using an unpolarized proton beam incident on an unpolarized proton target. Both outgoing protons from the reaction were detected in coincidence by means of a two-arm focusing magnetic spectrometer installed at nonsymmetric angles corresponding to the center-of-mass scattering angle Θcm = 62.25°. The correlation parameter Cnn, as well as polarizations P1 and P2 of the secondary protons, were measured by means of multiwire proportional chamber polarimeters placed at the focal planes of each spectrometer arm. The obtained data are compared with the predictions of the phase-shift analysis. The connection with the experiment on Cnn and polarization measurements in the (p, 2p) reaction on 4He and other light nuclei in similar kinematics is discussed

The paper investigates the influence of functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the range of elastic-strength and elastic-hysteresis properties of vulcanizates based on SKI-3. It is established that during the functionalization of CNT (0.5 g) from an aqueous solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone (0.5 g / 100 ml) macromolecules are adsorbed on the nanoparticle surface, that is reflected in the intensity of intermolecular interaction and conformation of macromolecules according to IR spectroscopy (FTIR spectrometer «Infralum FT-08», ATIR methods). According to the transmission electron microscopy (JEM 2100, «JEOL» company) the functionalization of CNTs does not change the structure of the multi-walled nanotubes, but accompanied by the formation of «protective» layer on their surface. Its thickness varies from a few nanometers to a state where the nanotube «immersed» into the polymer. According to rheometer studies on Rheo-line Moving Die vibrorheometer «Prescott» (150°С), RPA2000 (170°С), such kind of additive in the rubber compound based on SKI-3 (0.1 phr) has almost no effect on the kinetics of vulcanization and the degree of macromolecules crosslinking. Vulcanizates are characterized by high fatigue endurance under uniaxial tension conditions (e = 150%) without significant change in the elastic-strength properties (conventional stress at an elongation of 100 and 300%, conventional stress at break). In addition to the above the glass transition temperature, the macromolecular segmental mobility defrosts interval corresponding to standard sample according to thermal analysis (DSC analyzer «Shimadzu», temperature rise rate is 2 °C/min). At the shear deformation mode from 0.3 to 10% (RPA2000, 70 °C, 10 Hz), change in dynamic characteristics (modulus, loss modulus, mechanical loss angle tangent) is traditional and generally corresponds to the standard sample. However, the study of dynamic characteristics of the vulcanizates after pre-training (100 cycles, 70 °C, 10 Hz), that in the best way represents the behavior of rubber during the operation, showed that the introduction of a modifying additive significantly reduces hysteresis loss with increasing deformation. As a result of the additional study of the thermal conductive properties of vulcanizates (ITEM-1M f. Etalon), their mechanical properties under conditions of accelerated thermal-oxidative aging (100 °С, 24 h), the structure of vulcanizates in the region of microscopic ruptures by scanning electron microscopy (GSM 6510 LV f. JEOL, SEI mode) reasons for the growth of fatigue endurance were established. So, most likely, the growth of fatigue endurance of vulcanizates is due to the ability of macromolecules to orient themselves relative to the body of CNTs in the process of repeated cyclic deformation, as well as the plasticizing action of nanoparticles, functionalized by a polar polymer by the mechanism of an interstructural plasticizer.For citation:Mansurova I.A., Isupova O.Yu., Burkov A.A., Gavrilov K.E. Elastic-hysteresis properties of rubber containing carbon nanotubes functionalized by polymer. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 4-5. P. 76-83

Biological and physical-chemical properties of the pseudotuberculosis agent cultures were shown to be diverse in the process of submerged cultivation at various temperatures. The microbe cultivation at the increased temperature (37°C) was characterized by fast development and death of the population. Decelerated lag phase and extended exponential phase were observed under the conditions of cultivation at low temperature. The culture grown at 27 °C was found to get an intermediate position between those grown at 10 and 37 °C.

The design scheme is considered for a gas separator as used in oil extraction for the partial removal of gas from oil entering a submersed pump. Successive approximation is used in determining the characteristics with the use of an experimental factor φ, which incorporates the effects of the inlet section and flow separator on the performance. The calculated characteristics agree satisfactorily with experimental curves for high flow rates.

Accelerated motion is considered as a successive presence of an observer in accompanying inertial reference frames (AIRF) with jumps between them. A formula comprising two terms has already been derived to explain the twin paradox. The first term of this formula describes the time dilation in the reference frame associated with the twin at rest, while the moving twin is in the chosen AIRF. The second term describes a jump of readings of the clock of the twin at rest observed by the accelerated twin who jumps in the next AIRF. In the present study, this formula is used to derive the relative velocity and the distance passed by the accelerated twin by the scale associated with the twin at rest from a noninertial reference frame (NRF). Uniformly accelerated motion followed by uniformly decelerated motion to the stop in the initial inertial reference frame is examined. Readings of any clocks at rest, including clocks of the twin at rest, are derived from the NRF.

With the use of symmetry it is demonstrated that for equal moduli of non-simultaneity of fixing the ends of the measurable length in both reference systems, the coordinate difference is equal to the length itself. The identity of scales of both reference systems is proved. A method of calculating the coordinate difference for non-simultaneities that differ from those in the symmetrical measurement scheme is described. The method is based on the use of “experimental” non-simultaneities and obviates the need for the application of the Lorentz transformation of coordinates. It is demonstrated quantitatively that there are no false discontinuities in a closed flow when an increase in the particle flow density is proved for a stationary observer and that the observable sizes of a rotating disk remain unchanged.

By analogy with the calculation of the path of a mass point in terms of the integral of the point velocity with respect to time, such that the point has a constant velocity V(ti) within a time interval dti, then changes this velocity stepwise by V(ti+1), moves with this velocity within a time interval dti+1, etc., an accelerated motion of an observer with a clock is represented by alternating states of rest in a sequence of inertial frames of reference and instantaneous jumps from one frame of reference into another. Lorentz transformations are used to calculate the readings of a “resting” clock observed from a noninertial frame of reference represented in this manner, during the rest of a noninertial observer in a next-in-turn inertial frame of reference belonging to the mentioned sequence, and upon a jump. For the observation from a noninertial frame of reference, the relation of the time interval counted by the “resting” clock to the time interval counted by the accelerated clock and to the acceleration has been obtained.

The criterion and algorithm of calculating the maximum permissible speed of traffic on the automobile road in use are examined in the paper. The evaluation of the maximum permissible speed proceeds from technical, ergonomic and ecological requirements specified for the automobile road and traffic. The fulfillment of these requirements ensures the compatibility of technosphere and biosphere.

The action of the guanylyl-preferring RNase from Bacillus intermedius (binase) on a mixture of oligoadenylates with randomly distributed 2′-5′ and 3′-5′ internucleotide bonds [(A2′/3′p)n] under conditions sufficient for complete hydrolysis of poly(A) results in a mixture containing a single circular oligoadenylate and two series of linear oligoadenylates ending in cyclic 2′,3′-phosphate. Individual compounds formed upon digestion of (A2′/3′p)n with binase have been isolated. Their structure was determined on the basis of their chemical and enzymatic conversions and confirmed by 1H-, 13C- and 31P-NMR spectra. According to these data, the circular triadenylate contains one 2′-5′ and two 3′-5′ internucleotide bonds, linear oligoadenylates of one series contain exclusively 2′-5′ internucleotide bonds [(A2′p)nA>p], while each compound of the other series contains a single 3′-5′ internucleotide bond connecting the 5′-ultimate nucleotide residue with the penultimate one [A3′p(A2′p)n-1A>p]. The incubation of compounds of the former series A3′p(A2′p)n>p at pH 1.0 and the subsequent action of phosphatase results in successive formation of compounds of two other new series: A3′p(A2′p)nA2′(3′)p and A3′p(A2′p)nA.

Studies of influence of Yersinia pestis fra-operon carriage on morphological properties of Y. pseudotuberculosis recipient strain cells and colonies at different temperature and cultivation time.Cultures of Y. pseudotuberculosis isogenic variants were grown on solid nutrient medium at 4 - 6, 9 - 11, 26 - 28 and 36 - 38 degrees C. Indirect hemagglutination was used to determine F1 antigen production. Cytorefractometry was used to determine live cell percentage in colonies. Size and dividing cells percentage was evaluated by using phase-contrast microscope "Lyumam-I2".Time period between appearance of micro-colonies and achievement of maximum colony size increased with cultivation temperature decrease. Size of fra+ and fra- variant colony was not significantly different for every temperature regiment used and was significantly lower at the temperature of 36 - 38 degrees C.Temperature has a significant influence on population growth, colony size and form.

The regularities of the evolution of the system “man-automobile-road-by surface space” to have been considered are intenerated in class of “man-machine” systems.

The biological and physico-chemical properties of cultures of two isogenous recombinant variants of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis were studied. The cell genomes of the cultures are distinguished from one another only by the presence or by the absence of the fra-operon, which is a determined attribute of the plague microbe capsule-forming process. The expression of the attribute is amplified by rising the microbial biomass cultivation temperature and stimulates the decrease in the viability of the bacteria and adaptation potential in vitro. In the warm-blooded owner organism the microbes of the capsule-forming recombinant variant are characterized by the greater residual pathogenicity and immunogenic ability to the experimental plague of the laboratory animals as compared to the reference-variant cells. These specific features could be explained by more expressed colonizing ability of the capsule-forming microbes provided by owner cells' stability to the phagocyte process.

A pseudopotential model for calculation of atomic processes under interaction with hard x-ray photons is applied to calculation of Krypton photoionization cross sections?by photons with energy in the 20?25?keV range. These cross sections, as well as the mean charge of the resulting ions calculated using the Monte Carlo simulation scheme, are in good agreement with the other theoretical calculations and with the experiment. The obtained results open the doors for new techniques in the design of gas-monitor detectors to control the intensity, coordinates and energy of x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) beams in the hard x-ray photon energy range. First, Monte Carlo simulations of a scintillation detector application for gas-monitors have been performed.