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Serious side effects occur during therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and survivors can experience long-term consequences. This study aimed at identifying patients who can be successfully treated with low treatment intensity combining clinical parameters and minimal residual disease (MRD) measurements. The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee and the Scientific Council of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology. ALL-MB studies used reduced-intensity therapy from the beginning, for standard risk (SR) patients no cyclophosphamide, a very low daunorubicin dose, no high dose of methotrexate, no cranial irradiation. In the ALL-MB 2008 study, 1702 children (49.1 % of all patients) were classified as SR due to favorable initial characteristics. These included 295 patients treated in institutions who took part in a pilot study on MRD measurement using flow cytometry on day 15 and/or at the end of induction (EOI). The most suitable time point for MRD measurement was EOI with threshold 0.1% in 90.5 % of the patients with excellent results: event-free survival of 95 % and overall survival of 97 %, that identified the large proportion of patients (more than 40 % of all ALL patients). The outcome of children with slower MRD response was significantly worse. Initial SR characteristics plus one single MRD measurement at EOI identify more than 40 % of all children with ALL who can be successfully treated with low-intensity regimens as used in the MB protocols.

Objective: to investigate gender differences in patients with depression and bipolar disorder (BD) and their impact on the clinical course of the disease. Patients and methods . 50 women and 50 men with bipolar disorder (BD) (F31 according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10 th revision – ICD-10) were examined using a specially developed survey. Patients symptoms was assessed in accordance with the diagnostic criteria of affective disorders according to ICD-10 and DSM-V, MADRS (Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale) and Q-LES-Q-SF (Scoring the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire). Results and discussion . Gender differences in the clinical course of BP were revealed. In men the disease usually starts with a mania phase followed by a marked mood increase in BD- I, a shorter period before the first mania (hypomania) if the onset is with the depression phase, mood swings and substance use disorders in puberty, which makes the diagnosis easier. In women BD diagnosis may be harder due to higher frequency of BD-II, clinical presentation with depression, longer period before the first mania (hypomania). Therefore the most important clinical markers of BD in women include the early onset of the disease, its association with neurohormonal factors, history of affective variability, substance use disorders, schizophrenia, hereditary or comorbid eating disorder in puberty or later in life. The most common clinical features during the depression phase in men include: seasonal fluctuation (worsening of symptoms in autumn and winter) and diurnal variations (improvement of symptoms in the evening), numbed emotions, depersonalization-derealization syndrome, decreased libido, difficulty in falling asleep and increased appetite and/or body mass, comorbid depression, panic attacks and alcohol and substance abuse. The depression in women with BD is characterized by a higher prevalence of apathy, tearfulness, self-harm, body dysmorphic disorder, decreased appetite. Both male and female patients with depression and BD have a high level of anxiety, presence of psychomotor retardation, self-accusation and irritancy, 10% had atypical features according to the DSM-V criteria. Women have a higher proportion of depressive episodes (including rapid cycling BD) and a higher risk of suicidal behavior, and men, due to a higher frequency of manic phases, change partners and have a history of divorce significantly more often. Conclusion. The revealed features of psychopathological symptoms, comorbid disorders, the course of the disease and correlations between individual characteristics and factors due to gender differences, can be used as markers of bipolarity, which will allow to diagnose BD earlier and more accurately and prescribe adequate therapy.

Atypical depression (AtD) is contrasted with classical endogenous melancholic depression and is characterized by the presence of its uncharacteristic abnormalities, but the list of the latter varies from individual symptoms (increased appetite, weight gain, drowsiness, weakness, and anxiety) and their concurrence to syndromes accompanying depression (anxiety-phobic, obsessive-compulsive, panic attacks, derealization-depersonalization, hypochondriacal syndrome). In accordance with the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, AtD is a symptom complex that includes mood reactivity and at least two of the following symptoms: hyperphagia, hypersomnia, lead-palsy, and personality sensitivity. AtD has been described within a variety of disorders: recurrent depressive disorder, bipolar affective disorder, dysthymia, cyclothymia, and psychogenic depression. The paper describes a clinical case of atypical depressive syndrome within the framework of type 2 bipolar disorder in a 51-year-old patient. AtD was concurrent with dermatitis herpetiformis (Dühring's disease) in some depressive episodes; it was accompanied by various somatic complaints in other cases. The latest episode of AtD occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic and included obvious reactive anxiety-phobic disorders. A detailed clinical and psychopathological analysis of history data, mental state, and ongoing therapy was carried out, which clearly reflects difficulties in the differential diagnosis of AtD and the use of adequate treatment.

The paper reviews Russian and foreign literature on atypical depression (AtD). It sets forth the historical aspects of identifying AtD among other depressive disorders: the authors have traced the path from depression with individual atypical manifestations to a syndrome with a clearly defined pattern and inclusion criteria in the international DSM-4 and DSM-5 classifications. The paper gives epidemiological indicators and shows their diversity due to various approaches to the determination and clinical assessment of AtD. It analyzes the results of studying AtD in the presence of various affective disorders, such as recurrent depressive disorder, bipolar affective disorder, and psychogenic depression, and notes their heterogeneity in both symptoms and genesis. The authors present approaches to treating AtD and the results of investigating drug (antidepressant) and non-drug (cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy, increased physical activity therapy) treatments.

The article presents the literature data that determine the place of antidepressants in the relief and maintenance therapy for recurrent depression (RD) and depression in the framework of bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) and provides a justification for their use in the presence of residual depressive symptoms during remission. There are several ways to achieve complete remission: determination of the nature of residual symptoms; identification of adverse side-effects that have occurred as a result of the therapy; the establishment of those symptoms that are subjectively perceived by the patient as interfering with his/her full life. The data on the effective use of agomelatin for maintenance therapy, both as monotherapy and in combination with other antidepressants, anticonvulsants and neuroleptics, in RD and BPAD are presented. The authors have analyzed the case histories of 29 outpatients with depressions of various origins (RDD, BPAD, prolonged psychogenic depression, organic affective disorder), who received agomelatin as part of complex and monotherapy for a long time (1 to 13 years), and justified the predictors of its efficacy.Представлены данные литературы, в которых определяется место антидепрессантов в купирующей и поддерживающей терапии при рекуррентной депрессии (РД) и депрессии в рамках биполярного аффективного расстройства (БАР) и дается обоснование их применения при наличии остаточных депрессивных симптомов в период ремиссии. Показаны пути достижения полной ремиссии: определение характера резидуальной симптоматики; выявление побочных нежелательных эффектов, возникших в результате проводимой терапии; установление тех симптомов, которые субъективно воспринимаются пациентом как мешающие его полноценной жизни. Приведены данные по эффективному использованию агомелатина для поддерживающей терапии при РДР и БАР как в виде монотерапии, так и в сочетании с другими антидепрессантами, антиконвульсантами и нейролептиками. Проведен клинический анализ историй болезни 29 пациентов с депрессиями различного генеза (РДР, БАР, пролонгированные психогенные депрессии, органическое аффективное расстройство), получавших в течение длительного времени (от 1 до 13 лет) агомелатин в составе комплексной и монотерапии, с обоснованием предикторов его эффективности.

Bipolar affective disorder (BAD) according to the latest international classifications (ICD-10, DSM-5) is recognized as its own disease, characterized by episodes of mania (or hypomania), hyperthymic personality and (or) a genetic predisposition to BAR in contrast to recurrent depressive disorder (RD). The history of development and classification of manic depressive disorder (MDD), difficulties of differential diagnosis between BAD and RD are presented in this literature review. It considers the clinical features of the course of BAR in men and women and also gender-specific therapy. Gender differences in the clinical picture, course and treatment of BAD are discussed. Attention is drawn to the differences in effectiveness and tolerability of antidepressants in men and women. It is concluded that identifying the gender particularities is important for treatment and prevention optimization.В последних международных классификациях (МКБ-10, DSM-5) биполярное аффективное расстройство (БАР) рассматривается как самостоятельное заболевание, отличающееся от рекуррентного аффективного расстройства (РДР) наличием маниакальных (гипоманиакальных) эпизодов, гипертимного преморбида и (или) наследственной предрасположенности. В обзоре литературы представлена история классификации маниакально-депрессивного психоза, подчеркнуты трудности при определении границ БАР и отделения его от РДР. Изложены гендерные особенности клинической картины, течения и терапии БАР. Обращено внимание на различия в эффективности и переносимости антидепрессантов у женщин и мужчин при лечении депрессии. Выявление гендерных отличий необходимо в целях оптимизации терапии и профилактики БАР.

We recently identified a rheumatoid factor associated with autoimmune disease resistance and remission, and have named it regulatory rheumatoid factor (regRF). Epitopes recognized by regRF can be induced in papain Fc fragments of IgG. Immunization of arthritic rats with homologous Fc fragments that expose neoepitopes recognized by regRF reduces the symptoms of collagen-induced arthritis. Therefore, regRF-producing lymphocytes are a promising therapeutic target in arthritis, and Fc fragments are a means of stimulating this target.

In article experimentally substantiates the efficiency of psychological safety training in education for training first-year students, future bachelors of psychology and pedagogy programs. It reveals prospective of the training that provide preparation for recognising and overcoming psychological dangers arising towards an individual himself or towards subjects of interaction during educational practice.

Norbornene based monomers containing the 2-phenylpyridinato–N,C2′ platinum(II) complex bonded by acetylacetonate or pyrazolonate anchor groups were synthesized and copolymerized with a carbazole-containing norbornene comonomer by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The photo- and electroluminescence spectra of the resulting Pt-copolymers are similar. They consist of broad bands with maxima at 495, 530 and 565 nm which arise from the mixed ligand centered (LC) and metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transitions. The copolymer with the cyclometalated platinum(II) complex bonded to the polymer chain via the pyrazolonate anchor group revealed the highest brightness of electroluminescence (260 cd/m2 at 21 V).

Bimetallic alkylidene complexes of molybdenum (RF3O)2(ArN)Mo CH–SiMe2–CH Mo(NAr)(ORF3)2 (1) and (RF3O)2(ArN)Mo CH–SiPhVin–CH Mo(NAr)(ORF3)2 (2) (Ar = 2,6- Pr 2 i C6H3; RF3 = CMe2CF3) have been prepared by the reactions of vinyl silicon reagents Me2Si(CH CH2)2 and PhSi(CH CH2)3 with known alkylidene compound PhMe2C–CH Mo(NAr)(ORF3)2. Complexes 1 and 2 were structurally characterized. Ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of cyclooctene using compounds 1 and 2 as initiators led to the formation of high molecular weight polyoctenamers with predominant trans-units content in the case of 1 and predominant cis-units content in the case of 2.

Bimetallic alkylidene complexes of tungsten (R′O)2(ArN)W CH–SiR2–CH W(NAr)(OR′)2 (R = Me (1), Ph (2)) and (R′O)2(ArN)W CH–SiMe2SiMe2–CH W(NAr)(OR′)2 (3) (Ar = 2 , 6 – Pr 2 i C 6 H 3 ; R′ = CMe2CF3) have been prepared by the reactions of divinyl silicon reagents R2Si(CH CH2)2 with known alkylidene compounds R′′–CH Mo(NAr)(OR′)2. (R′′ = But, PhMe2C) Complexes 1–3 were structurally characterized. Ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of cyclooctene using compounds 1–3 as initiators led to the formation of high molecular weight polyoctenamers with predominant trans-units content in the case of 1 and 3 and predominant cis-units content in the case of 2.

Catalytic properties of the silicon-containing carbene complexes of tungsten Me3Si-CH=W(NAr)(OR′)2(1) and PhMe2Si-CH=W(NAr)(OR′)2 (2) and their hydrocarbon analogs Me3C-CH=W(NAr)(OR′)2 (3) and PhMe2C-CH=W(NAr)(OR′)2 (4) (Ar = 2,6-Pri 2C6H3, R′ = CMe2CF3) were studied in homometathesis of hex-1-ene, metathesis polycondensation of deca-1,9-diene, and ring opening metathesis polymerization of cyclooctene. The nature of the carbene fragment in the tungsten catalysts substantially affects their catalytic activity. Silicon-containing catalysts 1 and 2 were found to be 3−5 times less active than their hydrocarbon analogs 3 and 4. Metathesis polymerization of cyclooctene in the bulk with initiators 1–4 completed within a few minutes to form a block. Stereoregularity of the formed polyoctenamers depends to a considerable extent on the nature of the carbene fragments in the starting initiators. Initiators 1–2 lead to polyoctenamers mainly containing the cis-units, whereas the use of complexes 3 and 4 affords polyoctenamers mainly containing the trans-units. The structures of novel compound 2 and known complexes 1, 3, and 4 were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis.

The molybdenum silicon-containing carbene complexes PhMe2Si—CH=Mo(NAr)(OR)2 (1), Ph2Si[CH=Mo(NAr)(OR)2]2 (2), and (RO)2(ArN)Mo=CH—(SiMe2)2—CH=Mo(NAr)(OR)2 (Ar = 2,6-Pri2C6H3; R = CMe2CF3) were synthesized by the reaction of the R′— CH=Mo(NAr)(OR)2 compounds (R′ = But or PhMe2C) with silicon-containing vinyl reagents. The structures of complexes 1 and 2 and the known PhMe2C—CH=Mo(NAr)(OCMe2CF3)2 compound were established by X-ray diffraction. The catalytic properties of the silicon-containing carbene complexes in homometathesis of hex-1-ene and metathesis polymerization of cyclooctene were studied. The catalytic activity of these complexes and the stereoregularity of the resulting polyoctenamers substantially depend on the nature of the substituent at the carbene carbon atom.

Alkylidene complex of tungsten Me3Ge-CH W(NAr)(OCMe2CF3)2 (1) ( Ar = 2 , 6 - Pr 2 i C 6 H 3 ) has been prepared by the reaction of Me3GeCH CH2 with known alkylidene compound But–CH Mo(NAr)(OCMe2CF3)2 at a molar ratio 1:1. Metallacycle [CH(GeMe3)CH(GeMe3)CH2]W(NAr)(OCMe2CF3)2 (2) was isolated from the same reaction when twofold excess of Me3GeCH CH2 was used. The both compounds 1 and 2 were structurally characterized. They were found to have low activity in metathesis of 1-hexene and high activity in ROMP of cyclooctene and norbornene.

The novel silicon-, germanium- and tin-containing imido alkyl complexes of tungsten of the type (ArN)2W(CH2EMe3)2 ( Ar = 2 , 6 - Pr 2 i C 6 H 3 ; E = Si (1), Ge (2), Sn (3)) have been prepared by the reactions of (ArN)2WCl2(dme) (dme = 1,2-dimethoxyethane) with heteroelement-containing alkyllithium or Grignard reagents Me3ECH2Li (E = Si, Ge), Me3ECH2MgCl (E = Ge, Sn). The title compounds were isolated in high yields as crystalline solids and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H, 13C, 29Si and 119Sn NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies. The geometry of the W atoms in the compounds can be described as a distorted tetrahedron.

New germanium-containing tungsten carbyne complexes Ph3GeC≡W(CH2R)3 (R = But or SiMe3) were synthesized by the reaction of the alkoxy derivative Ph3GeC≡W(OBut)3 with alkyllithium reagents RCH2Li. The new compounds were isolated in individual form as crystals in 95 and 90% yields, respectively, and were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. X-ray diffraction study showed that the coordination environment of the W and Ge atoms in the Ph3GeC≡ W(CH2But)3 and Ph3GeC≡W(CH2SiMe3)3 complexes can be described as a distorted tetrahedron.

Alkylidene complex of molybdenum Ph3Si–CH Mo(NAr)(OCMe2CF3)2 (1) ( Ar = 2 , 6 - Pr 2 i C 6 H 3 ) has been prepared by the reaction of Ph3SiCH CH2 with known alkylidene compounds Alkyl-CH Mo(NAr)(OCMe2CF3)2 (Alkyl = But, PhMe2C). According to X-ray diffraction studies the geometry of the Mo atom in (1) can be described as a distorted tetrahedron. Reactions of heteroelement-containing imido alkyl compounds of molybdenum and tungsten (ArN)2M(CH2EMe3)2 ( Ar = 2 , 6 - Pr 2 i C 6 H 3 ; M = Mo. W; E = Si, Ge, Sn) with triflic acid were shown to yield a complex mixture of products among which carbene complexes have not been observed. The formation of carbene complexes of tungsten in low yields was observed by 1H NMR spectroscopy in the reactions of (ArN)2W(CH2EMe3)2 (E = Si, Ge, Sn) with hydrogen chloride in THF-d8. Catalytic properties of heteroelement-containing alkylidene complexes of molybdenum R3E–CH Mo(NAr)(OCMe2CF3)2 (E = Si, Ge; R = Me, Ph) and also hydrocarbon analogs Alkyl-CH Mo(NAr)(OCMe2CF3)2 (Alkyl = But, PhMe2C) in metathesis of 1-hexene were investigated. The catalytic activity of alkylidene complexes was shown to depend essentially on the nature of substituent bonded to carbene carbon atom.

New trinuclear organosilicon, organogermanium, and organotin-containing tungsten carbene complexes Ph2E[CH=WCl2(OBut)2]2 (E = Si, Ge, or Sn) were synthesized by the reaction of the trinuclear carbyne complexes Ph2E[C≡W(OBut)3]2 with HCl. The tin-containing carbene complex is thermally unstable and was identified in solution by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The silicon-and germanium-tungsten carbene complexes were isolated in high yields as individual crystals and were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The structure of the silicon-containing complex Ph2Si[CH=WCl2(OBut)2]2 was established by X-ray diffraction.

The novel germanium-containing alkylidene complexes of molybdenum R3Ge–CH Mo(NAr)(OCMe2CF3)2 (Ar = 2,6-i-Pr2C6H3; R = Me, Ph) have been prepared by the reaction of organogermanium vinyl reagents R3 GeCH CH2 with known alkylidene compounds Alkyl–CH Mo(NAr)(OCMe2CF3)2 (Alkyl = But, PhMe2C). The titled compounds were isolated as crystalline solids and characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies. The geometry of the Mo atoms in the compounds can be described as a distorted tetrahedron.

2,2,2-Triphenyl-1,3,2-benzodioxastibolanes react with alcohols, phenols, and amines in the presence of copper salts to give the corresponding O- and N-phenyl derivatives. Cyclic SbV dialkoxide containing an electron-withdrawing nitro group in the dioxastibolane fragment is most reactive in N-phenylation of primary and secondary amines. Organoantimony analogs containing electron-donating groups are more efficient in O-phenylation of primary and secondary alcohols and phenols.

The tin-containing sulfide Me3Sn(CH2)3-S-C6H5CH3-4 obtained by photoaddition of 4-toluene- thiol to allyltrimethyltin was oxidized with hydrogen peroxide to synthesize the tin-containing sulfone Me3Sn(CH2)3-SO2-C6H4CH3-4, the tin and sulfur atoms in which are separated by a trimethylene bribge. Treatment of the sulfone with butyllithium gave a first tin-containing lithium salt having a red-brown color. The exchange reaction of this salt with methyl iodide resulted in formation of two new isomeric tin-containing sulfones Me3SnCH2CH2CH(CH3)-SO2-C6H4CH3 and Me3Sn(CH2)3-SO2-C6H4CH2CH3 identified by 1HNMR spectroscopy. The latter result implies that the tin-containing sulfone is lithiated both by the methylene group adjacent to the sulfonyl group and by the toluene methyl group.

Sulfoxide RS(O)R′ (1), sulfimide RS(=NSO2Ar)R′ (2), and sulfoximide RS(O)(=NSO2Ar)R′ (3) (R=Me3Sn(CH2)3, R′=n-C5H11, Ar=4-C6H4Cl) were investigated by1H and13C NMR spectroscopy. Unlike 3, compounds 1 and 2 have a cyclic structure due to the intramolecular donor-acceptor S→Sn interaction.

The first γ-trimethylstannyl sulfimide, Me3Sn(CH2)3S(=NSO2Ar)C5H11-n, was synthesized by oxidative imination of Me3Sn(CH2)3SC5H11-n with ArSO2(Na)Cl (Ar=C6H4Cl-4). Oxidation of γ-trimethylstannyl sulfimide by an alkaline solution of H2O2 gave γ-trimethylstannyl sulfoximide, Me3Sn(CH2)3S(O)(=NSO2Ar)C5H11-n, and γ-trimethylstannyl sulfone, Me3Sn(CH2)3SO2C5H11-n, the latter compound resulting from hydrolysis of the arylsulfimide group. Oxidation of stannyl sulfide by hydrogen peroxide yielded γ-trimethylstannyl sulfoxide, Me3Sn(CH2)3S(O)C5H11-n (under mild conditions) or γ-trimethylstannyl sulfone (under more severe conditions).

A convenient and simple procedure for the preparation of R3SnX (R = Me, Et, Bun; × = -NC(O)CH=CHC(O), -NC (O)CBr=CBrC (O), -NC (O)CH2CH2C (O), -NC (O)-o-C6H4C (O), -NSO2-o-C6H4C (O), -N[SO2C6H4-Me-p]2 from trialkyltin oxide and the corresponding imide, at room temperature, is described.

A convenient and simple procedure for the preparation of R3SnX (R = Me, Et, Bun; × = -NC(O)CH=CHC(O), -NC (O)CBr=CBrC (O), -NC (O)CH2CH2C (O), -NC (O)-o-C6H4C (O), -NSO2-o-C6H4C (O), -N[SO2C6H4-Me-p]2 from trialkyltin oxide and the corresponding imide, at room temperature, is described.

The synthesis of N-trialkyltin(IV) asparimides or imides of the type via a one-pot procedure is reported.