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This paper estimates the acute effect of community-level homicides on early childhood language development and explores the moderating role of maternal efficacy and satisfaction in Chile. It uses data from the 2017 wave of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey of Chilean Children (N = 1194, M[subscript age]: 52.8 months, 52% girls). Children in municipalities with homicides 1 month before the Peabody Picture Vocabulary assessment scored between 0.18 and 0.41 SDs lower compared to children in the same municipality but for whom homicides happened after the assessment. On average, higher maternal satisfaction appears to have a protective effect, though it dissipates in the most violent municipalities. Evidence that higher maternal efficacy protects children from the negative effects of violence is inconclusive.

BackgroundThis systematic review examined the existing literature to determine the evidence supporting the efficacy of online group treatments for anxiety-, obsessive-compulsive- and trauma-related disorders (AOTDs).MethodsA systematic review using the PUBMED, PsycInfo, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials databases with no language, date, or study design filters was performed. The inclusion criteria comprised studies that examined individuals who had received a formal diagnosis of AOTDs, were aged 18 years or older, and had baseline and endpoint assessments of symptom severity using formal tools.ResultsFive studies on social anxiety disorder (SAD), four on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and one on tic disorders (TDs) were found. The studies were open-label (n = 2) and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (n = 8), with five of the RCTs being non-inferiority trials. Most studies were conducted in the US and investigated psychological CBT based interventions via internet-based therapies (IBT: n = 4), video teleconferencing (VTC: n = 5) or a combination of both (n = 1). In SAD, IBT studies associated with a clinician assisted web-based forum (here termed “forum-enhanced” studies) were superior to waiting lists and not inferior to similar versions that were also “forum enhanced” but self-guided, “telephone enhanced” by a contact with a non-specialist, and “email enhanced” by a contact with a clinician individually. Studies involving VTC have shown comparable effectiveness to in-person interventions across some online group CBT based treatments for PTSD. Two open trials also demonstrated symptoms reductions of social anxiety and tics through VTC.ConclusionThere is evidence supporting the effectiveness of online group treatments for SAD and PTSD. Further studies from different research groups may be needed to replicate the use of these and other forms of online treatments in individuals with SAD, PTSD, and other clinical populations, such as OCD, panic disorder, agoraphobia and specific phobias.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023408491.

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is an effective intervention for portal hypertensive complications, but its effect on renal function is not well characterized. Here we describe renal function and characteristics associated with renal dysfunction at 30 days post-TIPS. Adults with cirrhosis who underwent TIPS at 9 hospitals in the United States from 2010 to 2015 were included. We defined "post-TIPS renal dysfunction" as a change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (ΔeGFR) ≤-15 and eGFR ≤ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or new renal replacement therapy (RRT) at day 30. We identified the characteristics associated with post-TIPS renal dysfunction by logistic regression and evaluated survival using adjusted competing risk regressions. Of the 673 patients, the median age was 57 years, 38% of the patients were female, 26% had diabetes mellitus, and the median MELD-Na was 17. After 30 days post-TIPS, 66 (10%) had renal dysfunction, of which 23 (35%) required new RRT. Patients with post-TIPS renal dysfunction, compared with those with stable renal function, were more likely to have nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD; 33% versus 17%; P = 0.01) and comorbid diabetes mellitus (42% versus 24%; P = 0.001). Multivariate logistic regressions showed NAFLD (odds ratio [OR], 2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-4.17; P = 0.05), serum sodium (Na; OR, 1.06 per mEq/L; 95% CI, 1.01-1.12; P = 0.03), and diabetes mellitus (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.16-3.61; P = 0.01) were associated with post-TIPS renal dysfunction. Competing risk regressions showed that those with post-TIPS renal dysfunction were at a higher subhazard of death (subhazard ratio, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.18-2.56; P = 0.01). In this large, multicenter cohort, we found NAFLD, diabetes mellitus, and baseline Na associated with post-TIPS renal dysfunction. This study suggests that patients with NAFLD and diabetes mellitus undergoing TIPS evaluation may require additional attention to cardiac and renal comorbidities before proceeding with the procedure.

This paper estimates the impact of home country natural disasters on the academic performance of immigrant students in New York City public schools. It provides credible evidence of these effects by exploiting the exogenous timing of natural disasters relative to testing dates in models with student fixed effects. Natural disasters in the home country lower immigrant students' test scores in reading by 0.051 standard deviation, and by 0.028 standard deviation in mathematics. This paper provides strong evidence that the home country is an important out-of-school factor shaping immigrant students' academic success and shows that children are affected by distal contexts in which they do not directly participate.

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar o impacto da pandemia da Covid-19 na saúde do trabalhador a partir do alicerce teórico da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho (Dejours, 1992, 1994, 1999). Para tanto, realizou-se a revisão de literatura de artigos acadêmicos, publicados de 2020 a 2022, que abordassem as alterações ocorridas na organização de trabalho decorrentes da pandemia. Para a seleção de trabalhos, utilizou-se o banco de dados Google Acadêmico e, partindo dos procedimentos de Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin (2011) 19 estudos foram eleitos e, posteriormente, submetidos ao software IRaMuTeQ, sendo a discussão pautada a partir da Classificação Hierárquica Descendente. Os resultados apontaram para dois fatos desencadeadores de mudanças nas dinâmicas de trabalho gerando sofrimento laboral. O primeiro foi a implementação do teletrabalho sem capacitação, suporte ou garantia de tempo de descanso para os trabalhadores, e o segundo foi a sobrecarga de trabalho decorrente tanto do eventual aumento de demanda quanto da redução de mão de obra. Conclui-se pela necessidade de novas pesquisas sobre o tema.

Introdução: os antiinflamatórios não-esteroidais (AINEs) e analgésicos são medicamentos utilizados para a melhora da dor e da inflamação, com uso prevalente por estudantes universitários. Objetivo: análise do uso indiscriminado e efeitos colaterais desenvolvidos pelo uso de medicamentos das classes dos fármacos AINEs. Metodologia: o presente artigo trata-se de um estudo quantitativo transversal, realizado por meio de um questionário autoaplicado entre os estudantes dos cursos de Publicidade e Propaganda e Jornalismo do Centro Universitário Estácio de Ribeirão Preto, com avaliação descritiva dos fatos. Resultados: a partir do levantamento dos dados, foi notado que todos os estudantes dos cursos supracitados já se automedicaram com AINEs. Também foi constatado que a principal influência para o uso do medicamento escolhido foi indicação de pessoas próximas. Foram ainda identificados a sonolência como principal efeito adverso, dor como maior motivo para o uso e a dipirona como o medicamento mais frequentemente usado. Conclusão: os resultados em sua maior parte condisseram com as expectativas dos autores com base em consultas bibliográficas.

Abstract Background Individuals with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) often feel compelled to perform (compulsive) behaviors, thus raising questions regarding their free will beliefs and experiences. In the present study, we investigated if free will related cognitions (free will beliefs or experiences) differed between OCD patients and healthy subjects and whether these cognitions predicted symptom changes after a one-year follow up. Methods Sixty OCD outpatients were assessed for their beliefs in and experiences of free will at baseline and after one year of treatment. A subsample of 18 OCD patients had their beliefs compared to 18 age and gender matched healthy controls. A regression analysis was performed to investigate whether free will cognitions at baseline were able to predict long-term OCD severity scores. Results Patients with OCD and healthy controls do not seem to differ in terms of their beliefs in free will (U = 156.0; p = 0.864). Nonetheless, we found significant negative correlation between (i) duration of illness and strength of belief in determinism (ρ = -0.317; p = 0.016), (ii) age and perception of having alternative possibilities (ρ = -0.275; p = 0.038), and (iii) symptoms’ severity and perception of having alternative possibilities (ρ = -0.415; p = 0.001). On the other hand, the experience of being an owner of ones’ actions was positive correlated with the severity of symptoms (ρ = 0.538; p

Este estudo tem como premissa analisar se, como, e em quais condições são realizadas as visitas íntimas na Unidade Prisional Feminina de Palmas/TO, sob a perspectiva das próprias mulheres encarceradas. O método fenomenológico utilizado mostrou-se o mais adequado aos objetivos propostos. O trabalho de campo, consistente em imersão parcial no ambiente carcerário, contou com a participação voluntária de 24 mulheres, promovida por entrevista não diretiva por meio do uso da seguinte pergunta disparadora: O que você tem a me dizer acerca da visita íntima, suas experiências, vivências e sentimentos? Os resultados indicaram que os entraves sexistas, legais e burocráticos no exercício deste direito enfraquecem os laços matrimoniais, gerando odiosa sensação de injustiça pela discriminação de gênero, com reflexos emocionais, comportamentais e disciplinares, estimulando, com isso, o relacionamento sexual e circunstancial entre as detentas. A falta de ambientes adequados à intimidade do casal gera a sensação de mecanização do ato sexual, desprovido de amor, carinho e afeto, necessários à manutenção da relação conjugal. De tudo, constatou-se que, apesar do aumento considerável da população carcerária feminina nos últimos anos, a mulher permanece relegada ao anonimato quando se fala em implementação de políticas públicas penitenciárias, perpetuando um sistema sexista engendrado para o universo masculino.

This paper estimates the effect of charter schools on the diversity of nearby traditional public schools (TPSs) and neighborhoods in New York City. We employ a difference-in-differences approach that exploits the variation in the expansion of the charter sector between grades in the same school. This approach allows us to isolate the effect of charter schools from other neighborhood demographic changes. Our results show small positive effects of charter school expansion on TPS diversity as measured by the entropy score. This change is explained by small increases in the number of White students attending nearby TPSs and larger reductions in the number of Black and Hispanic students in these schools. We also find descriptive evidence that while both neighborhoods and TPSs are slightly more diverse following charter school expansion, schools are changing faster than their surrounding neighborhoods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the functional outcomes after arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Methods: 194 patients (131 males and 63 females), with a mean age of 39 (15-68) years old for men and 43 (16-58) years old for women. The average follow-up was 17 months (2 to 71). 103 patients presented Cam-type FAI, 102 mixed and 25 Pincer. “Unilateral” arthroscopy was performed in 161 cases, “Bilateral” (only once each side) in 46 cases and, “Multiple” (more than one procedure on the same hip) in 23. The female sex was prevalent in the Pincer type FAI (76%), while males were prevalent in Mixed and Cam type, 74.5% and 72.8%, respectively. Results: The mean HHSpre score was 63.7 and 87.1 for HHSpost, i.e. 73.11%. Differences appeared between “mixed” and “unilateral” groups. The complications percentage in this series was 18.7% and 7% progressed to total hip arthroplasty. Conclusion: The arthroscopic FAI treatment improved the postoperative clinical scores of these patients, especially in cases of mixed-type FAI, which presented a higher improvement rate. Insufficient femoral osteoplasty was the main cause for surgical re-intervention, particularly in the initial cases of this series. Level of Evidence II, Retrospective study.

O presente artigo tem por objetivo verificar se existe conformidade das Resoluções nº 466, de 2012, e nº 510, de 2016, do Conselho Nacional de Saúde com a Constituição Federal e a legislação infraconstitucional vigente, enquanto normas condicionantes de pesquisas com seres humanos dentro do sistema CEP/CONEP. Durante a investigação, buscou-se analisar determinados aspectos principiológicos ligados à liberdade de pesquisa, autonomia universitária, saúde e o bem-estar físico, mental e social dos sujeitos participantes, fazendo-se necessária uma ponderação de valores. A metodologia adotada foi de natureza básica, com abordagem qualitativa, enfoque teórico, com objetivo descritivo e procedimento técnico documental bibliográfico. Observou-se, ao final, que referidas normas respeitam a Constituição Federal no que se refere à autonomia didático-científica das instituições de ensino universitário para condução da pesquisa científica e tecnológica. Todavia, avançam além das atribuições do órgão regulador ao estabelecer regras que estão no campo do Direito Civil, no tocante ao instituto da responsabilidade civil do pesquisador, revelando entrave ao desenvolvimento da pesquisa nacional.