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Abstract Vacuum residue (VR) was copyrolysed with polyethylene (PE) or polystyrene (PS) in a batch reactor to investigate the corresponding synergistic pyrolytic interactions. The synergistic interactions between VR and plastic pyrolysates enhanced liquid and gas production while reducing coke formation, as compared with VR-only and plastic-only pyrolysis. The pyrolysis of 9:1 w/w VR: PE3M (PE with M w = 3 MDa) and 9:1 w/w VR/PS350K (PS with M w ≈ 350 kDa) mixtures produced oil in yields of 28.6 and 38.4 wt%, respectively, which exceeded those expected in the absence of synergistic interactions 1.12- and 1.29-fold, respectively. The corresponding coke yields were ~ 0.9 times lower than those expected in the absence of synergistic interactions. Moreover, copyrolysis synergistically increased the yields of oil-phase paraffins and olefins while decreasing that of aromatic compounds and was therefore concluded to enable effective VR utilisation and plastic recycling by enhancing liquid and gas production.

This study investigates the relationship between diabetes comorbidity and COVID-19 severity in Muhammadiyah Palembang Hospital, focusing on hematological parameters as potential predictors of disease progression. Utilizing a case-control design with 61 respondents, demographic data, COVID-19 severity classifications, and hematological profiles were analyzed. Results reveal a prevalence rate of diabetes mellitus among COVID-19 patients at 32.8%, with diabetic individuals experiencing higher rates of moderate clinical complications. Hematological analysis demonstrates variations in parameters such as hemoglobin levels, platelet counts, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio between diabetic and non-diabetic COVID-19 patients. These findings underscore the importance of tailored interventions for diabetic individuals infected with COVID-19 and highlight the potential of hematological parameters in predicting disease severity. The study suggests the need for larger-scale, multicenter research to validate findings and inform evidence-based clinical practice in managing COVID-19 patients with comorbid diabetes mellitus.

'Jayanti Agrihorti' is a superior chrysanthemum therefore rooted cuttings quality is required. In vitro propagation increases the rate of propagation and produces true-to-type plants. The research to obtain the best explants and culture medium composition that is capable of producing high-quality plants. The research was arranged in a randomized complete block design consisting of two factors. The first factor was the explant, including the apical shoot of 0.5 cm, 1.0 cm, and the nodal segment. The second factor was in vitro culture medium composition (CP), consisting of CP1 (Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium for initiation, followed by MS + 2.5 mg.L⁻¹ gibberellic acid (GA₃) for subculture), CP2 (MS + 0.25 mg.L⁻¹ benzyl amino purine (BAP) for initiation, followed by MS for subculture), CP3 (MS + 0.25 mg.L⁻¹ BAP for initiation, followed by MS + 2.5 mg.L⁻¹ GA₃ for subculture), and CP4 (MS + 0.5 mg.L⁻¹ BAP for initiation, followed by MS + 0.25 mg.L⁻¹ BAP for subculture). Acclimatization was performed after third subculture. The apical shoot size of 0.5−1.0 cm is optimum for producing chrysanthemum-rooted cuttings. Meanwhile, MS medium for initiation stage, followed by MS + 2.5 mg.L⁻¹ GA₃ for subculture is the best culture medium composition for in vitro propagation. This explant and culture medium composition produced higher chlorophyll a, b, and a+b content, thereby resulting in higher plant, more leaves, larger stem diameter, and longer root length. This are recommended for chrysanthemum propagation, particularly in 'Jayanti Agrihorti'.

Background: Nanotechnology has the potential to produce innovations in drug formulation and drug delivery systems. Nanocosmetics and nanocosmeceuticals containing natural ingredients have been proven to overcome the weaknesses of traditional cosmetics and also add value to their formulations. Objective: This study aims to analyze the application of nanocosmeceutical technology based on ethanol extract of butterfly pea flower (Clitoria Ternatea L) in the preparation of nanoemulsion spray as a skin antiaging agent for the growth of collagen, elastin and extracellular matrix. Methods Method used true experimental design with posttest control group with random allocation to model mice given UVB radiation. The levels of collagen, elastin, and cellular matrix extract were assessed using Verhoef staining and observed by two experts, Results: The results of this research show that a nanoemulsion spray preparation of ethanol extract of butterfly pea flower (Clitoria Ternatea L) improves skin damage in aging model mice by increasing the production of extra cellular matrix, collagen and elastin. Conclusion: The preparation of butterfly pea flower flower extract nanoemulsion sprey (Clitoria Ternate L) has antiaging, collagen and elastin formation activities

Unexplained acute kidney injury (AKI) in children owing to diethylene glycol (DEG) contamination during drug production has gained attention in recent years. This qualitative study investigated the effects of DEG exposure on the incidence of unknown AKI in children. A systematic review following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines was proposed to search for studies using predefined search terms in the PubMed, EBSCO, and Web of Science data-bases without publication date restrictions. The inclusion criteria are observational study, case study, case report, and case series design; and having provided accurate data for DEG poisoning and AKI diagnosis in children. All authors performed the study screening, data extraction, and data synthesis processes. Consensus was reached by mutual agreement. The data synthesis was conducted according to the DEG and unexplained AKI in children by examining the statistical data using Microsoft Excel 2017 and storing the data using the cloud service of Universitas Islam Indonesia. Of the 115 included studies, 21 met the inclusion criteria, including 2 case-control studies, 1 cross-sectional study, 4 case studies, and 14 case reports. DEG-contaminated paracetamol caused unexplained AKI in children. Other drugs including cough expectorants, antihistamines, and sedatives were administered. Chemicals other than DEG, such as propylene glycol and ethylene glycol, also induce AKI owing to overprescription and unintentional exposure. A recent epidemic of unexplained AKI showed contaminated paracetamol as the poisoning agent regardless of formula.

Introduction: Butterfly pea flowers (Clitoria ternatea L.) currently popular in society as high-antioxidant supplement. One of the organs affected by aging is the brain. D-galactose is a compound that is widely used for induction of aging in animal studies. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of butterfly pea flower tea on changes in brain weight in mice induced by D-galactose. Method: 24 rats were divided into four groups consisting of control, groups with 1%, 5%, and 10% butterfly pea flower tea intervention after being induced by aging for 6 weeks. The brain organs were then weighed to assess changes in each group. Result: There was an increase in body weight but no significant differences between each group either before or after the intervention. No significant differences were found in the average brain weight of each group, with the brain weight of the P3 group being lower than that of the other intervention groups. There is a positive correlation between body weight and brain weight. Conclusion: Although the butterfly pea flower has no statistically significant effect, at concentrations of 1% and 10% it can have an effect on brain weight after induction of aging by D-galactose.

The Plasma Pratama Mandiri Cooperative operates in the field of savings and loan fund services for its members. However, the cooperative faces significant challenges due to its reliance on conventional, archive-based systems for processing savings transactions, loans, installments, and report preparation. These outdated methods result in time-consuming data searches and inefficiencies. To address this issue, the aim of this study is to develop a more efficient and computerized savings and loan information system for the Plasma Pratama Mandiri Cooperative. The study employs the Web Engineering method, encompassing stages such as communication, planning, modeling, construction, and deployment, with system modeling conducted using the Unified Modeling Language (UML). The outcome of this research is the development of an Android-based savings and loan information system for cooperative members and a web-based system for cooperative administrators. This new system facilitates online management and significantly enhances service efficiency for cooperative members.

This study aims to investigate the impact of brand image and customer trust on customer loyalty, mediated via customer satisfaction. Gender is employed as an independent variable to mitigate the impact of brand image and customer trust variables on customer loyalty. This study utilized data from 250 respondents who completed a questionnaire issued to BSI customers in the Malang Raya area. Purposive sampling and proportional random sampling are two distinct methods used for sampling. A proportional random sampling method was employed to ensure that the percentage of respondents from Malang City, Malang Regency, and Batu City was maintained. The research used the Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) approach. These data indicate that brand image and customer satisfaction substantially impact customer loyalty. However, customer trust does not have a significant effect on customer loyalty. Moreover, the brand's image and the level of consumer trust notably impact customer satisfaction. The findings of this study indicate that customer satisfaction serves as an intermediary variable that influences brand image and consumer trust, ultimately affecting customer loyalty. In addition, gender cannot reduce the impact of brand image and customer trust.

Latar Belakang: Pola makan tinggi lemak merupakan salah satu faktor resiko hiperkolesterolemia. Kondisi hiperkolesterolemia bisa menyebabkan peningkatan radikal bebas dalam tubuh, salah satunya adalah malondialdehid (MDA). Probiotik merupakan makanan tambahan yang memiliki efek positif pada kesehatan saluran cerna. Potensi probiotik sebagai antihiperkolesterolemia masih memerlukan studi lebih lanjut. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya pengaruh pemberian probiotik terhadap kadar malondialdehid (MDA) aorta abdominal tikus Wistar jantan model hiperkolesterolemia yang diinduksi dengan mentega putih. Metode: Sembilan belas ekor tikus jantan Wistar dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok; kelompok kontrol negatif (C-), kelompok kontrol positif (C+), dan tiga kelompok probiotik (T1,T2, dan T3). Kelompok kontrol negatif mendapat makanan standar, kelompok positif mendapat makanan standar dan mentega putih. Kelompok probiotik juga mendapat pakan standar dan mentega putih ditambah probiotik dengan dosis berbeda sebagai perlakuan. Perlakuan ini diberikan selama 10 minggu. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis dengan post hoc Mann-Whitney. Hasil: Rerata kadar MDA aorta abdominal terendah ke tertinggi secara berurutan adalah kelompok C- (1,78±0,11 nmol/gram), kelompok T3 (2,20±0,06 nmol/gram), kelompok T2 (3,46±0,16 nmol/gram), kelompok T1 (4,02±0,02 nmol/gram), dan kelompok C+ (5,23±0,51 nmol/gram). Hasil analisis data menunjukkan perbedaan kadar MDA aorta abdominal yang signifikan (p

This study examines the interest of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) investors in financing renewable energy (RE) projects in Indonesia using Islamic financing schemes. It employs a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) model with expert respondents representing institutional investors from the GCC states. To validate and enrich the analysis, it also conducted Focus Group Discussion and additional interviews with industry players and Indonesian regulators. The main finding indicates that the return on investment is the most crucial factor in selecting appropriate RE projects, followed by risk and impact of the projects. Furthermore, while the GCC investors do not have sufficient knowledge about the potential and sources of RE in Indonesia, they consider the solar panel project as most preferable. Next, the study finds investment return, Shariah compliance and liquidity as the main criteria in choosing Islamic financing instruments, where equity-based are the most preferred instrument, followed by asset-backed securities and blended financing instruments. In addition, tax incentives, cross subsidy and feed-in-tariffs are the most preferred incentives needed by the investors. The additional interviews that we conducted further affirm these findings. The results are expected to provide insights for the Indonesian policy makers, particularly fiscal and financial/monetary authorities, and the GCC investors to invest in Indonesia for financing RE projects using Islamic financing schemes. Acknowledgment We gratefully acknowledge the support provided by Universitas Indonesia Research Grant. The grant facilitated the research presented in this paper, allowing us to conduct data collection and analysis as well as disseminate our findings to a wider audience.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) serves as a vital staple crop for the dietary needs of over half of the world's population. However, it faces considerable challenges, especially biotic factors, which have significant implications for both worldwide rice production and food security. Among these challenges, the decline in crop yield due to harmful phytopathogens remains a pressing issue in the rice farming system, underscoring the limitations of existing strategies. Trichoderma spp. are gaining attention as effective biocontrol agents. These endophytic fungi are considered safe and environmentally friendly, with the ability to directly and indirectly inhibit plant pathogens without adverse impacts on humans, wildlife, or the environment. This article presents a comprehensive overview of Trichoderma's multifaceted roles for controlling rice diseases, exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying rice plant's defense response, the induction of its defensive responses by Trichoderma, and the effectiveness of Trichoderma-based biocontrol strategy in enhancing rice health and fitness. It also serves as a significant resource for advancing knowledge and practices in the field, providing a valuable reference for future research and the application of Trichoderma in sustainable rice production. Lastly, we propose a deeper understanding of sustainable strategies to combat rice disease outbreaks by optimally harnessing the potential of Trichoderma as a biocontrol agent for major rice diseases.

Rice, as one of the most important agricultural commodities, encounters numerous challenges throughout its cultivation in the field. One significant challenge arises from the manifestation of diseases, which can severely reduce yields. Bacterial panicle blight, primarily caused by Burkholderia glumae, is a significant threat to global rice production. This disease is highly destructive, directly impacting yield and production. In recent years, multiple reports have highlighted a global increase in bacterial panicle blight associated with B. glumae. Hence, this article offers a comprehensive summary of bacterial panicle blight diseases occurring worldwide. Additionally, we examined the incidence of B. glumae-panicle blight disease, the characteristics of B. glumae, its symptoms and epidemiology, its disease cycle, and effective control measures to combat both the disease and the pathogen. A comprehensive understanding of this disease will enhance our knowledge of how to mitigate the impact of this destructive disease on rice productivity worldwide.

Every year, the production of rice straw and cow paunch content is abundant and 80 % of them has not been utilized. This study aimed to determine the potency of ensiling treatment on them in producing bioethanol. The novelty of this study is the utilization of cow paunch content as biomass and source of microbial fiber degradation. In this study, there were six groups of treatments. Bioethanol fermentation used Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Results, ensiling treatment significantly affected (p

Objective Efforts to implement health tax policies to control the consumption of harmful commodities and enhance public health outcomes have garnered substantial recognition globally. However, their successful adoption remains a complex endeavour. This investigates the challenges and opportunities surrounding health tax implementation, with a particular focus on subnational government in Indonesia, where the decentralisation context of health tax remains understudied.Design Employing a qualitative methodology using a problem-driven political economy analysis approach.Setting We are collecting data from a total of 12 focus group discussions (FGDs) conducted between July and September 2022 in three provinces—Lampung, Special Region of/Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta and Bali, each chosen to represent a specific commodity: tobacco, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and alcoholic beverages—we explore the multifaceted dynamics of health tax policies.Participant These FGDs involved a mean of 10 participants in each FGD, representing governmental institutions, non-governmental organisations and consumers.Results Our findings reveal that health tax policies have the potential to contribute significantly to public health. Consumers understand tobacco’s health risks, and cultural factors influence both tobacco and alcohol consumption. For SSBs, the consumers lack awareness of long-term health risks is concerning. Finally, bureaucratic complexiting and decentralised government hinder implementation for all three commodities.Conclusion Furthermore, this study underscores the importance of effective policy communication. It highlights the importance of earmarking health tax revenues for public health initiatives. It also reinforces the need to see health taxes as one intervention as part of a comprehensive public health approach including complementary non-fiscal measures like advertising restrictions and standardised packaging. Addressing these challenges is critical for realising the full potential of health tax policies.

Introduction: Social determinants of health can impact healthcare-associated infections. Hospital-onset bacteremia (HOB) may lead to poor outcomes, increased length of stay, and increased cost of care. We explored the association of social determinants of health and HOB. Methods: We retrieved blood culture data at Stanford Health Care from May 2019 to October 2023. We identified blood cultures ordered ≥4 days of admission. To evaluate the association between social determinants of health and HOB, we employed an unsupervised machine learning approach (K-Means clustering) to discern patterns in HOB rates based on the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI). The SVI indicates the relative vulnerability of every U.S. Census tract. It ranks the tracts on 16 measures of vulnerability across 4 themes: socioeconomic factors, household characteristics, racial and ethnic minority status, and housing/transportation aspects. The number of clusters was determined using the Elbow Method (Figure 1). Results: Out of 209,947 blood cultures from 23,938 unique patients with a California address, we identified 81,653 blood cultures collected after 4 days (40%). The K-Means clustering algorithm identified 3 distinct clusters within the Californian census tracts, suggesting heterogeneity in the relationship between SVI and HOB (Figure 2). Cluster 1 had a higher SVI (median 0.73, range 0.46 – 0.99), with logistic regression indicating a positive SVI-HOB association (OR 4.84, 95% CI 4.02 – 4.81, p

Introduction: Many central line-associated bloodstream infections are identified in patients nearing the end of life. Stanford Health Care recently introduced the General Inpatient Hospice program. This program offers inpatient hospice care for patients who, due to uncontrolled symptoms, cannot be discharged to a hospice facility or receive home hospice care. We investigated whether this program would impact blood cultures practices near the time of death. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study at Stanford Health Care using records of blood culture events from May 2019 to October 2023. We defined a blood culture near-death as those collected within 2 days before the date of death. We performed an interrupted time series linear regression before and after the implementation of the General Inpatient Hospice program on July 1, 2022 to assess blood culture intensity near-death. Blood culture intensity was defined as the proportion of cultures collected near-death in relation to the total number of blood cultures. Additionally, we calculated blood culture positivity rate, which was defined as the proportion of positive blood cultures among all those collected during our study period. Results: Out of 220,269 blood cultures from 24,955 unique patients, a total of 6,147 cultures (9%) were obtained near the time of death. Among these subjects, the median age was 65 years (range 20–102), with 43% identifying as being of White race-ethnicity and 57% as male. Of these cultures, 3044 were positive (49.5%), with Escherichia coli (618, 24%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (341, 13%), and Staphylococcus aureus (166, 10%) being the most common organisms. After the implementation of the General Inpatient Hospice program, the median enrollment was 12 patients (range 3–18) and the median mortality rate was 2.3% (range 2–3%). The blood culture intensity near death decreased by 0.81%, a change that was not statistically significant (95% CI -2.4% to 0.8%, p=.32; Figure 1). Subsequently, the blood culture intensity showed a non-significant increasing trend of 0.05% (95% CI -0.1% to 0.2%, p=0.53). The blood culture positivity rate near the time of death increased by 16% following the intervention, but this increase was not statistically significant (95% CI – 11.8% to 43.3%, p=.26; Figure 2), and it was followed by a non-significant downtrend of 1.9% (95% CI -3.9% to 1.4%, p=.36). Conclusion: We found no significant association between the implementation of an inpatient hospice program and blood culture practices near the time of death, likely due to low patient enrollment.

Recent scholarly discussions have robustly endorsed collaborative learning in educational settings but also highlight a significant gap in understanding its effects, particularly in the design disciplines of Indonesian higher education. This research aims to address this gap by investigating the impact of collaborative learning, specifically structured to incorporate fundamental visual elements and principles (FVEVP), on students' comprehension and application in three-dimensional design—an essential area of design education. The study integrates an immersive design workshop with questionnaire surveys to evaluate student perceptions of the pedagogical strategy's effectiveness, advantages, and challenges. The findings demonstrate significant benefits of collaborative learning, including advanced learning processes, enhanced innovative thinking, elevated student confidence, and improved project efficiency, all attained cost-effectively. These benefits contribute to greater student satisfaction and superior educational results. Nonetheless, the study also highlights challenges, such as the unequal distribution of workloads and extended decision-making times, which emphasize the need for structured management strategies to bolster the educational effectiveness of collaborative learning. By providing critical insights into the intricate effects of collaborative learning in design education, the study offers valuable contributions to refining educational practices and directing future research.

Desa Pakuli merupakan salah satu desa yang terletak di Kecamatan Gumbasa, Kabupaten Sigi, Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Desa Pakuli memiliki potensi tumbuhan obat kelurga yang sangat banyak jenisnya, asli tumbuhan obat yang hidup di Desa Pakuli. Hasil pengamatan yamg kami lakukan, perlunya dilakukan pendampingan kepada ibu-ibu PKK dalam menjaga biodiversitas tumbuhan obat keluarga, karena potensi tumbuhan obat keluarga di Desa Pakuli variasinya banyak tetapi terabaikan. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini, yaitu pendampingan dengan tujuan untuk membantu masyarakat merancang program menjaga biodiversitas tanaman obat dipekarangan rumah. Hal ini dilakukan dengan pendampingan ibu-ibu PKK dengan jumlah 25 orang di 5 halaman pekarangan rumah warga. 1 Kelompok terdiri 5 orang dengan 10 tanaman obat kelurga yang ditanam. Manfaatnya masyarakat ikut serta dalam menjaga biodiversitas tumbuhan obat keluarga. Metode pendampingan secara langsung dengan membentuk kelompok, menentukan konsep taman toga, menyiapkan bahan dan alat, penanaman hingga perawatan. Kesimpulan dari kegiatan pendampingan ini, bahwa keterlibatan ibu-ibu pkk sebanyak 25 orang aktif dalam kegiatan dan merawat tumbuhan obat keluarga di pekarangan rumah. Kegiatan Pengabdian ini diharapkan mampu menjadi solusi dan meberikan dampak positif serta, terbentuknya kesadaran dari ibu-ibu pkk untuk mengenal dan mempertahankan biodiversitas dari tumbuhan obat keluarga dari Desa Pakuli. Kontribusi pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah memberikan pendampingan dan dukungan teknis yang berkelanjutan kepada masyarakat agar mereka dapat menjaga biodiversitas tumbuhan obat keluarga dan berhasil dalam membudidayakan tumbuhan obat keluarga secara luas, sehingga akan menciptakan dampak yang baik dalam lingkungan mereka.

Almost all farmers are unaware that rice straw and paunch manure are potential feedstocks for bioethanol besides organic fertilizer, biochar, and biogas. Farmers' perceptions regarding the multiattributes of bioethanol development are still underestimated, indicating that farmers are still indecisive about the potential use of rice straw and paunch manure as feedstock for bioethanol. They still need extension and training to improve their knowledge. The Location Quotient (LQ) value of rice straw and cattle paunch manure is > 1, indicating that Karanganyar Regency could become a base for bioethanol development from rice straw and cattle paunch manure.

Abstract Indonesia’s Tobacco Excise Sharing Fund (DBHCHT) policy mandates that part of the fund be allocated for tobacco crop diversification – reducing the farmers’ reliance on the tobacco industry as well as implementing Article 17 of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). We collected primary data from key stakeholders in four main tobacco-producing municipalities. A number of challenges related to DBHCHT utilization remained at subnational levels. The suboptimal use of DBHCHT could be explained in part by (i) constantly changing central government regulations, (ii) farmers’ unawareness of DBHCHT regulations, (iii) delays in DBHCHT allocation, and (iv) supply and demand mismatches. Although Indonesia has not been a part of the FCTC ratification, the DBHCHT mandate is in line with the FCTC article 17, i.e., promoting economically viable alternatives for tobacco farmers. This study concluded that DBHCHT utilization needs to go further to void this mandate given the challenges at the subnational level. Therefore, this study recommends additional technical and practical regulations involving multisectoral stakeholders and the use of DBHCHT to meet the financial needs of crop diversification.

One of the main issues for women in the reproductive age range is leucorrhoea, which causes a woman ongoing distress, and occasionally be the first sign of several of the main gynecological disorders. The widespread use of fluconazole antibiotics has caused Candida sp to become resistant. Alternative non-pharmacological treatments based on natural products are needed, especially P. crocatum which has antioxidant, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory activities. This study analyzed the empirical study of P. crocatum used against leucorrhoea due to C. albicans. The empirical study presented that vaginal discharge was reduced after using P. crocatum formulations. The infection parameter of vaginal pH level, the intensity of pain, and itching were significantly recovered with p values of 0.008, 0.000, and 0.001, respectively, while the reducing C. albicans colonies was 0.001. P. crocatum decoction formulation is effective in reducing vaginal yeast infections in women, close to the results of the positive control, ketoconazole.

Conducted at the University of Jambi's Teaching and Research Farm in Mendalo Indah Village, this three-month study from September to November 2022 utilized a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a single variable: rubber factory wastewater sludge compost application. Five treatment levels were tested: a0 = 25 g NPKMg dose, a1 = 100 g rubber factory wastewater sludge compost + 20 g NPKMg dose, a2 = 200 g rubber factory wastewater sludge compost + 15 g NPKMg dose, a3 = 300 g rubber factory wastewater sludge compost + 10 g NPKMg dose, and a4 = 400 g rubber factory wastewater sludge compost + 5 g NPKMg dose. Statistical analysis, employing ANOVA and the Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test, determined treatment effects at a 5% significance level. The study assessed various rubber plant growth parameters, such as live seedling percentage, shoot emergence, budded shoot height, leaf count, stem diameter, root count, shoot and root dry weight. Notably, the application of 400 g of rubber factory wastewater sludge compost significantly influenced plant growth, specifically enhancing shoot emergence, stem diameter growth, and budded shoot height.

We report the ZnO/ZnS and ZnO/ZnSe nanocomposites synthesized using the solvothermal-microwave method. Raman analysis was thoroughly studied to explain phonon vibration mode in this paper. The strong intensity confirms the highfrequency phonon mode of hexagonal wurtzite ZnO. Also, the presence of Raman intensity of the cubic ZnS and ZnSe structures indicates the longitudinal optical phonon mode. In addition, we find several slight shifts in all ZnO modes for ZnO/ZnS and ZnO/ZnSe which demonstrate stress and strain in the crystal lattice. We investigate the change in particle size from confocal Raman microscopy. Therefore, the modifications to the material structure and particle size have enhanced its characteristics. Accordingly, the nanocomposite heterostructures by the simple chemical method are attractive materials suitable for optoelectronic devices.

A collective action approach to rice seed production is an inclusive method involving the community’s active participation at all stages of its execution. This all-inclusive strategy, however, has yet to be thoroughly investigated and published. This study explored how and to what degree an inclusive rice seed business of Gapoktan, based on a collective action approach, might be deployed in a sustainable rice seed company run by community groups. The research comprised the following stages: (1) establishment of a seed production business institution, (2) production of rice seeds, and (3) self-assessment of the performance of the seed production business institution. Institutional data were acquired through a questionnaire that references the European Foundation for Quality Management’s (EFQM) methodology. Three dimensions used were direction (purpose, vision, and strategy; organizational culture and leadership); execution (engaging stakeholders; coasting sustainable value; driving performance transformation); and result (stakeholder perceptions; strategic and operational performance). The study suggests essential findings: The organizational structure of rice seed producers formed is complete regarding its operational functions. The rice seeds produced by Gapoktan have met both the volume and quality standards. From a financial perspective, this rice seed production unit is feasible for further development. However, their social orientation is still relatively high and needs to be more profit-oriented. Uniquely, not all members buy and use Gapoktan seeds. As a result, additional efforts are necessary to provide exceptional service to Gapoktan members.

Prostate cancer is a disease in which cells in the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system below the bladder, grow out of control and, among men, it is the second-most frequently diagnosed cancer (other than skin cancer). In recent years, prostate cancer death rate has stabilized and, currently, it is the second-most frequent cause of cancer death in men (after lung cancer). Most deaths occur due to metastasis, as cancer cells from the original tumor establish secondary tumors in distant organs. For a long time, classical cell cultures and animal models have been utilized in basic and applied scientific research, including clinical applications for many diseases, such as prostate cancer, since no better alternatives were available. Although helpful in dissecting cellular mechanisms, these models are poor predictors of physiological behavior mainly because of the lack of appropriate microenvironments. Microfluidics has emerged in the last two decades as a technology that could lead to a paradigm shift in life sciences and, in particular, controlling cancer. Microfluidic systems, such as organ-on-chips, have been assembled to mimic the critical functions of human organs. These microphysiological systems enable the long-term maintenance of cellular co-cultures in vitro to reconstitute in vivo tissue-level microenvironments, bridging the gap between traditional cell cultures and animal models. Several reviews on microfluidics for prostate cancer studies have been published focusing on technology advancement and disease progression. As metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer remains a clinically challenging late-stage cancer, with no curative treatments, we expanded this review to cover recent microfluidic applications related to prostate cancer research. The review includes discussions of the roles of microfluidics in modeling the human prostate, prostate cancer initiation and development, as well as prostate cancer detection and therapy, highlighting potentially major contributions of microfluidics in the continuous march toward eradicating prostate cancer.

This research is important in analyzing and describing language styles, which have become one of the linguistics categories. The use of language and language style in literary works has also been studied and is very important for linguistic and literary studies. This article illustrates that stylistic analysis is an effective method to help students improve their reading and appreciation skills. It begins by briefly reviewing how stylistics is applied to teaching English by researchers. It then discusses stylistic analysis and how to do it by providing some examples. Finally, it concludes that teaching advanced English should incorporate stylistics, which are both necessary and practical. Stylistics is one of the sub-topics of learning English in high schools. It can also help students understand advertising language. It also helps students learn foreign languages in English language teaching, such as Indonesian, by preparing them to learn and use foreign languages effectively. Furthermore, Students are expected to be able to understand the language of advertising. To understand the language of advertising, teachers must provide understanding to students through stylistics.

This study aimed to determine the dynamics of resilience in adolescents who experience broken homes through a theological perspective. This research used a qualitative phenomenological method, and data collection was carried out using structured interviews. Data was obtained from subjects with the criterion of being teenagers who experienced broken homes. They were aged between 16 and 19 years. Data analysis was done by organizing and coding data, determining themes, searching for categories, describing categories, and discussing research results. The results showed that the subjects had different resilience. The most vital resilience arises from understanding good religious (theological) teachings. The forms of resilience found in this research include emotional conditions, emotional regulation, impulse control, self-efficacy, and social support. The resilience that is formed is caused by several factors. Judging from the subjects' statements, their resilience is formed by internal and external factors such as their inner will to rise from the adversity they have experienced and the support of those closest to them. Apart from that, the subjects experienced different impacts of broken homes, such as reduced parental love, reduced finances, changes in conditions at home, changes in the subject's personality, changes in interest in communicating with parents, and even the desire to commit suicide. From a theological perspective, Muslim teenagers from broken homes are more devious than teenagers from ordinary families because of the absence of theological values in their lives, so religious counseling for Muslim teenagers must be grounded on religious values. Religious counseling can be filled with activities such as instilling monotheistic values, theological or religious values, reading the Koran regularly, listening to lectures on Islamic themes, and reading motivational and Islamic books.

Tim Sort is a sorting algorithm that combines Merge Sort and Binary Insertion Sort sorting algorithms. Parallel computing is a computational processing technique in parallel or is divided into several parts and carried out simultaneously. The application of parallel computing to algorithms is called parallelization. The purpose of parallelization is to reduce computational processing time, but not all parallelization can reduce computational processing time. Our research aims to analyse the effect of implementing parallel computing on the processing time of the Tim Sort algorithm. The Team Sort algorithm will be parallelized by dividing the flow or data into several parts, then each sorting and recombining them. The libraries we use are OpenMP and MPI, and tests are carried out using up to 16 core processors and data up to 4194304 numbers. The goal to be achieved by comparing the application of OpenMP and MPI to the Team Sort algorithm is to find out and choose which library is better for the case study, so that when there is a similar case, it can be used as a reference for using the library in solving the problem. The results of research for testing using 16 processor cores and the data used prove that the parallelization of the Sort Team algorithm using OpenMP is better with a speed increase of up to 8.48 times, compared to using MPI with a speed increase of 8.4 times. In addition, the increase in speed and efficiency increases as the amount of data increases. However, the increase in efficiency that is obtained by increasing the processor cores decreases.

This research aims to determine the impact of using the internet on social media on the learning process that focuses on early childhood. In this research, researchers used quantitative descriptive research methods. We specialize in this research to review or examine the general use of social media in early childhood, both its impact and existence at school. This research was conducted at Permata Ibu Kindergarten with a population of 18 students, nine boys, and nine girls, with a sample size of 18 students and one teacher using total sampling techniques. The instrument used was a questionnaire consisting of 15 questions. The research found that the internet in schools is still very low due to reasonably good management and school rules and also the role of parents who are very good and selective, where social media use is in the low category at 89%. In comparison, the medium category is 11%.