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Payesh2010; 9: 83-89Accepted for publication: 1 March 2009[EPub a head of print-3 November 2009] Objective(s): This study was conducted for external evaluation of one intervention that has been carried out by traffic police. In this study the efficacy of provisional driver licensing on reducing traffic injuries and the intensity of injuries (fatal or non-fatal) was investigated.Methods: Data on traffic accidents and injuries from one year before till two years after the implementation of provisional driver licensing were obtained from traffic police data base. After data cleaning and stratification traffic injuries and mortalities, the implementation of graduate driver licensing compared in those in early years of their driving experience.Results: Drivers under 23 years of age consisted 22.8% of total road traffic injuries (RTIs) in the year prior to the implementation of graduate driver licensing. This proportion reduced to 15.5% and 16.1% in the first and second year after implementation, respectively, among holders of provisional B1 type driver license (P

The sleep-promoting effect of a hot bath on daytime sleep after night-shift work was assessed by polysomnography. Having an unlimited daytime sleep opportunity, healthy middle-aged male subjects (n = 9, mean age 38.8 years) undertook either a hot bath or no bath (control) treatment. The polysomnography revealed that a hot bath significantly (P < 0.05) increased rapid eye movement (REM) sleep parameters. Also, the number of REM cycles increased from 1.7 to 3.7 (P < 0.05) while REM density increased from 7.31 to 15.13 (P < 0.05). In addition to the sleep-promoting effects, a hot bath significantly improved the subjective emotional evaluation score assessed by a profile of mood states (POMS) questionnaire, especially decreasing confusion, anger and hostility (P < 0.05). The data suggests that a hot bath may be an effective and practical method of promoting sleep for night-shift workers and trans-meridian travelers attempting to sleep during the day.

Social media has become the driving force which transforms the web into an interactive information andcommunications technology device. Social media has a significant role in influencing customer’s choice inselecting products and services based on the customers’ feedbacks that appeared in the weblogs, web sites,online boards and other kinds of user-generated content (Raman, 2009). It is indeed important to remember thatbrand equity is no longer valued by large sums of money that companies invest; instead customers are dictatingthe value of brand equity by what they are saying to each other. Therefore, this study will focus on evaluating theroles of various brand equity constructs (including brand loyalty, brand association, brand awareness and brandimage) in mediating the interrelation among electronic word of mouth and the dimensions of brand equity in thecontext of social media. There were total of 300 usable questionnaires were collected in this research. Thefinding revealed that there is an indirect inter-relationship between electronic word of mouth and the dimensionof brand equity, mediated by the respective various brand equity constructs.

Master of Science in Urban Design. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Architecture, Dept. of Architecture, 2014. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Derya Oktay.

With the emerging of experience economy, more and more scholars start to put more effort in exploring the knowledge of experiential marketing. As one of the core concepts in the experiential marketing, customer experience has been used as a base to predict the customer purchase intention. The purpose of this research paper is to discover the relationships between customer experience (including sensory experience, emotional experience and social experience) and purchase intention. A total of 330 respondents being investigated in this research. The results from the study concluded that only the emotional experience and social experience have significant positive impacts on the purchase intention; the sensory experience positively influences the emotional experience; the emotional experience is positively related to the social experience; the sensory experience has positive impact on the social experience; there is a positive relationship between the sensory experience and purchase intention, mediated by emotional experience; there is a positive relationship between the emotional experience and purchase intention, mediated by social experience; and lastly there is a positive relationship between the sensory experience and purchase intention, mediated by social experience.

The emergence of “experience” as another forms of business offerings (Pine and Gilmore, 1999) and the failure of implementing customer relationship management to create the expected levels of value for customers and profitability for organizations (Palmer, 2010; Barnes, 2002) have prompted the practitioners and academic scholars to explore the successor of customer relationship management, which is known as customer experience. Pine and Gilmore (1999) asserted that companies need to create memorable experiences to each customer for the purpose of generating greater economic value in the experience-based economy, instead of simply making goods and delivering services to the customers (Kim, Cha, Knutson and Beck, 2011). For the purpose of creating differentiated and memorable customer experience, this research paper would like to evaluate the direct and indirect relationship between social environment and customer experience (including sensory experience, emotional experience and social experience). A total of 330 respondents participate in this research. The findings revealed thatsocial environment is related to the sensory experience and emotional experience respectively.Furthermore, the research findings also concluded the interactive relationships between the dimensions of the customer experience: (1) the sensory experience is positively related to the emotional experience; (2) the emotional experience is positively related to the social experience; and (3) the sensory experience is positively related to the social experience.

The rapid evolution of marketing that focuses from product to service to experience has challenged the marketing researchers to engage experiential marketing approach in designing the marketing strategies by involving customers (Maklan & Klaus, 2011). Most of the smart phone producers have started to embed the concepts of experiential marketing and experiential value in positioning and promoting their products via a series of advertising campaigns. The objective of this research is to investigate the relationships between experiential marketing and experiential value among the current smart phone users in Malaysia. Quantitative research was conducted through the self-administered survey and a total of 550 questionnaires were distributed based on the cross-sectional study. Regression analysis was used to analyse the statistical data through the SPSS software version 20. The research confirmed the significant positive relationships of sense experience, feel experience, act experience, relate experience, and think experience with experiential value.

This study investigated the efficacy of mandatory seatbelt legislation on traffic injuries and intensity of road traffic injuries (RTIs). We carried out a before- after interventional study. Data regarding road traffic accidents and injuries one year before and one and two years after the implementation of mandatory seatbelt legislation were obtained from the traffic police database. Traffic accident mortality was 13.0% of all RTIs during the year prior to implementation. This decreased to 9.7% and 11.4% during the first and second years after implementation, respectively (p0.001). The mortality rate was not consistent for seatbelt use since there was a slight increase in the mortality rate in second year after implementation of mandatory seatbelt use although this level was lower than the pre- implementation rate. Our findings suggest mandatory seatbelt use reduces the intensity of RTIs and reduces the crude number of RTIs.

Background and Objective This study investigated the efficacy of mandatory seat belt use legislation on reducing traffic injuries and the intensity of road traffic injuries (RTIs). Materials and Methods Data on RTIs from 1 year before till 2 years after the implementation of mandatory seat belt use legislation were obtained from the police department. After data cleaning and stratification RTIs and moralities from 1 year before till 2 year after the implementation of mandatory seat belt use legislations was compared with those in year prior to the intervention. Results After the implementation of the mandatory seat belt use, traffic mortalities consisted of 13.3% of all RTIs in the year prior to the implementation, while this proportion decreased to 9.9% and 11.5% in the first and second years after the implementation, respectively. The trend of mortality reduction was not consistent for seat belt use, as we observed a slight increase in the proportion of moralities in the second year after the implementation of mandatory seat belt use, though they did not reach the levels for before implementation of those laws. Conclusion Our findings suggested that the mandatory of seat belt use was efficient in reduction of intensity of RTIs and it was also efficient in reducing the crude number of RTIs. However, in the second year after the implantation the efficiency of this intervention reduced.