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In developing countries, tetanus remains a public health problem because of its frequency, severity, and still high mortality. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological profile of patients hospitalized for tetanus and to identify the factors associated with dying from it. This retrospective, descriptive, and analytical study reviewed hospital records of all patients, of all ages and genders who were treated for tetanus in our department over a 5-year period. Among 3549 patients during the study period, 75 had tetanus (2.11%), and 71 of them were included in our study. The median age of patients was 35 years (range: 11-70 years) with a male prevalence of 80%. The most frequently affected socio-professional categories were students (21.1%), farmers (18.3%), workers (15.5%), and shopkeepers and tradespeople (15.5%). The main entry points were post-traumatic (40.9%), cutaneous (33.8%), and post-surgical (16.90%). Paroxysm (95.8%), trismus (93.0%), generalized contracture (67.6%), and dysphagia (46.5%) were the most frequent signs. Among these cases, 40.9% were severe (40.85%), 49.3% moderate (49.30%), and 9.6% benign. We recorded 34 deaths (48%). Factors associated with death were age60 years (P = 0.01), fever (P = 0.01), hypertension (P = 0.02), and HIV infection (P = 0.01). Tetanus remains a frequent disease with high lethality. Death is associated with specific factors that should be taken into account in the criteria for assessing its prognosis.

The sustained worldwide use of the two available types of polio vaccines has significantly reduced the incidence of this disease. Our main objective is to report a 11-year monitoring period for acute flaccid paralysis secondary to poliovirus in Guinea. It was a retrospective descriptive study for all cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in which poliovirus was isolated by stool examination. During 11 years, 768 cases of AFP, including 8 cases of acute anterior poliomyelitis were collected at a frequency of 1%. The average age was 3.5 years with extremes of 1 year and 6 years, the most represented age group was 0-4 years with 7 cases. Six mothers were housewives doing gold panning as a revenue generating activity. The vaccine virus (serotype 2) was the most isolated with 6 cases.L'utilisation soutenue à l'échelle mondiale des deux types de vaccins antipoliomyélitiques disponibles a considérablement diminué l'incidence de cette affection. Il s'agit ici d'une étude rétrospective de type descriptive, portant sur tous les cas de paralysie flasque aiguë (PFA) due aux poliovirus en Guinée chez lesquels le poliovirus a été isolé des selles, faisant l'état des lieux de 11 années de surveillance de la PFA. En 11 ans, 768 cas de PFA, dont huit cas de poliomyélite antérieure aiguë ont été enregistrés, soit une fréquence de 1 %. L'âge moyen était de 3,5 ans [1–6 ans]. La tranche d'âge de 0–4 ans était la plus représentée avec 7 cas. La majeure partie (6 cas) des mères des enfants étaient des agricultrices exerçant l'orpaillage. Les souches majoritairement isolées étaient dérivées du vaccin VDPV2.

One saturated ring spirophosphazene 2 and cyclic phosphazenes 3 were prepared by reaction of triazaphospholes 1 with amines and diamines and iodine or enamine.

The first step of hydrolysis of compounds 1 , 2 and 4 involves the protonation of the PN nitrogen atom. 3 does not react with water in the absence of a catalyst. Protonation of compounds 1 – 3 by a strong acid such as CF3SO3H is studied by 15N and 31P nmr spectroscopy. In all cases the PN nitrogen appears to be the strongest basic site.

So far organophosphorus chemists have been interested in synthesizing low coordinated phosphorus compounds and in studying them in solution at temperatures rarely above 300 °C. As a matter of fact there are few reports on the behaviour of dicoordinated phosphorus molecules at temperatures above 500 °C under low pressure. Another interesting point is that such a study would allow to assess the correla- tion between mass spectral processes and thermal ones.

Addition of diazadienes 5 to dicoordinated phosphorus derivatives such as triazaphospholes 1 or diazaphospholes 3 leads to new tetracoordinated phosphorus spirocompounds 2 or 4. The tricoordinated phosphorus species 7 and 9 exist in a monomer tetramer PIII equilibrium but only the monomeric PII form reacts with diazadienes 5 leading to the spirocompounds 8 and 10. The monomers of 7 and 9 stabilized by complexation react with 5 to afford spirocompounds analogous to 2 and 4. In all these reactions the dicoordinated phosphorus atom is a good electrophile.

Triazaphospholes react with 1,2-diketones to give spirocyclic phosphorus compounds by a 1.1 addition at phosphorus atom; with o-quinones one obtains spirobicyclic hexacoordinated phosphorus compounds. The reaction of 1,2-diketones with λ 3 -phosphazene oligomers appears different, to some extent, and can be used as a test for the existence of a monomer-oligomer equilibrium.

We previously reported that 1 (R=Ph, Me) reacts faster with 3 (R′= Ph, npr) than the α diketones, leading mainly to spirocompounds. The first step of there action of diazadiene with-1 involves an attack of the nitrogen atom lone pair on phosphorus.