Search

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to quantify the number and frequency of monocyte (MnOF) and multi-oocyte (MtOF) follicles in ovaries of bitches subjected to ovary salpingohysterectomy (OSH). Right and left ovaries of 38 bitches were collected after OSH, prepared, and a histological analysis was carried out. The ovaries were subjected to surface and deep histological cuts; the follicles were classified, and the number of follicles and cumulus oophorus complexes (COC) per follicle were quantified for each histological cut. MnOF and MtOF were found in all ovaries, at different developmental stages; primary follicles were grouped in the ovarian cortex, and follicles at other follicular stages presented a random distribution. MtOF containing two, three, four, or more COC were found in the ovaries of bitches, with a decreasing frequency trend, according to the number of COC in the MtOF. The effect of the age, number of estrus, estrus interval, and number of progenies per delivery was not significant for the number and frequency of MtOF in the ovaries of the bitches, whereas the size, number of pregnancies, use and number of contraceptive applications had some effect on the number and frequency of MtOF in the ovaries of the bitches.

Neospora caninum can cause damage so great that it is believed that reproductive diseases caused by this parasite may have outweighed the damage caused by other diseases such as brucellosis and leptospirosis. Neospora caninum is an obligate intracellular protozoan. Domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), gray wolf (Canis lupus lupus), coyotes (Canis latrans), and dingo (Canis lupus dingo) are definitive hosts of the parasite. The prevalence can vary widely, depending on the type of sampling, the laboratory techniques used, which are varied and the cut-off point chosen. It has been diagnosed in several species that end up being intermediate hosts such as, asininos, equines, cervids, cats, chickens, buffaloes, cattle, goats and sheep. Table 1 shows a survey of the last 5 years of seroprevalence in cattle, sheep and goats and dogs. Neosporosis has been causing damage that is sometimes under-calculated and thus causes immeasurable damage to producers. It is observed that dogs are not the great villains in the properties, knowing that wild animals can also be definitive hosts of the protozoan and the vertical transmission also becomes very important leading to increase the number of seropositive animals of the herd.

In the last decades, Brazilian livestock farming has undergone great expansion, based not only on quantitative growth, but also on quality. The qualitative growth is based on factors derived from the use of reproductive biotechniques, such as the In Vitro Embryo Production (IVEP), which allows significant genetic advancement in the herd in a reduced period of time, by the multiplication of the genetics of higher animals. For implantation of IVEP, with efficiency and viable cost, it is necessary to consider some factors, as well as the interaction with the gestation rate. The objective of this review was to report the main factors involved in the gestation rate of embryo receptors produced in vitro (IVP), such as corpus luteum quality, donor and recipient synchrony, donor breed, embryo development and quality, reproductive and semen effects, thermal stress, period of the year and number of previous ETs in the recipient. Although the IVEP is an important tool for the genetic improvement of the bovine herd, it is necessary to consider the variations in the results of gestation after its use, mainly with regard to donors and recipients, geographic region, environmental conditions, sanitary and nutritional management of animals, as well as the conditions inherent in the IVP laboratory. The observation of these factors, as well as the constant search for improvements, are fundamental conditions for the success, viability and economic return of IVEP. es fundamentais para o sucesso, viabilidade e retorno econômico da PIVE.

The objective of this review was to present the main difficulties encountered in cryopreservation of semen, with oxidative stress being the most impacting of them, and to demonstrate the antioxidant potential of Vitamins C and E, as well as its use in cryopreserved semen dilution media. Semen cryopreservation is a technology of great impact in the national livestock industry and has been increasingly emphasized due to the advances of animal breeding biotechnologies, being the use of cryopreserved semen in artificial insemination, an important tool for the genetic improvement of several animal species and which has many advantages of its application, such as the ease of commercialization and transportation, control of sexually transmitted diseases, and mainly, the expressive genetic gain. Different media and additives are used in cryopreservation of the semen, seeking to confer greater cryoresistance to the spermatozoa during the freeze / thaw cycle. However, despite numerous research in the field, approximately 50% of sperm cells become unviable after the process. Despite the great advances made since the discovery of glycerol, studies on cryoprotectants and other additives such as antioxidants, in order to improve sperm viability, aiming to increase the yield of ejaculated doses and pregnancy rates are of great importance. As antioxidants used in seminal freezing media, stand out Vitamins C and E, which are non-enzymatic antioxidants. These vitamins are substances of low molecular weight, which act as possible removers of the agents that cause oxidative damage, or as repairers of the already initiated lesion, and have the potential to aid in the improvement of seminal viability after thawing.

Agribusiness, as well as cattle production, contributes to the Brazilian economy, highlighting Brazil in the fifth place in the world ranking of milk production. The Jersey breed participates in this context, where the females are smaller and productive, they present high concentration of fat and protein in the milk, besides needing smaller area destined to the handling and creation. In order for the productive system of milk to be effective, there is a need for reproductive follow-up of the animals, especially of the pubescent females, avoiding compromising reproductive indices, such as the calving interval, which results in financial losses to the producer. Thus, we analyzed reproductive data of a commercial application (Procreare PlusR), used in a dairy farm, from the municipality of Três Barras, Paraná, from January 2014 to June 2017. The herd, composed of 58 pubescent females Jersey, is created in a semi-intensive system, using basically family labor. Data were tabulated and analyzed in descriptive form. The mean age of the females studied was 5.5 years, with 8.62% (5/58) of them being heifers, 34.48% (20/58) primiparous, 41.52% (24/58) cows with two calving and 15.52% (9/58) cows with three calving. The calving interval (CI) of the females was 369 + 29.16 days, being 349 ± 2.33 and 390.25 + 27.22 days for females who had two and three calving, respectively. The mean number of services per conception was 1.2, being 1, 1.35, 1.12 and 1.28 for heifers, primiparous, with two and three calving, respectively. When considering the seasons, we observed 1.14, 1.93, 1.76 and 1.53 services/conception in the spring (September-November), summer (December-January), fall (March - April) and winter (May- August), respectively. It is concluded that studied Jersey herd presents adequate zootechnical indexes, regarding the interval of calving and services / conception, possibly as a reflection of the adequate conditions of the management practices and zootechnical control.

This study investigates the cognitive mechanisms underlying vigilance and pattern recognition using a novel adaptation of Mackworth’s Clock Test. We aimed to quantify the time it takes for temporal patterns detected unconsciously through implicit learning to surface in the conscious mind within a dynamic vigilance task environment. Forty-eight participants detected random and non-disclosed rhythmic anomalous clock hand movements in this setting. Our results indicate significant variability in detection accuracy, reaction times, and the ability to recognize the hidden pattern among participants. Notably, 23% of all participants and 56% of those who consciously reported the pattern exhibited statistically lower reaction times indicative of knowledge of the pattern 40 s before conscious identification. These findings provide valuable insights into the transition from unconscious to conscious detection, highlighting the complexity of sustained attention and pattern recognition. The study’s implications extend to designing training programs and tasks for high-stakes professions requiring prolonged vigilance. Future research should further explore the cognitive and neural correlates of these processes and the impact of task complexity on performance.

O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar o estádio de desenvolvimento de embriões coletados a partir de processos superovulatórios em zebuínos. Foram utilizadas 26 vacas, 16 da raça Nelore Padrão, três da Nelore Mocho, quatro da Gir, duas da Brahman e uma da raça Guzerá. Para o processo de superovulação utilizaram-se 350 UI de FSH em oito doses decrescentes a cada 12 horas, a partir do 10ºdia do ciclo estral (estro = dia 0). Ao sétimo dia após o estro os embriões foram coletados pelo método não cirúrgico e avaliados ao microscópio estereoscópio quanto à qualidade e estádio de desenvolvimento embrionário. Foram coletados 135 embriões viáveis, sendo 68,2% (92/135) Nelore Padrão, 12,6% (17/135) Nelore Mocho, 11,1% (15/135) Gir, 5,2% (7/135) Brahman e 3,0% (4/135) Guzerá. Os embriões foram classificados segundo a qualidade em grau I, 51,1% (69/135), grau II, 43,7% (59/135), grau III, 4,4% (6/135), e grau IV, 0,7% (1/135), e segundo o estádio de desenvolvimento em mórula, 3,7% (5/135), blastocisto inicial, 16,3% (22/135), blastocisto, 37,0% (50/135), blastocisto expandido, 42,2% (57/135), e blastocisto eclodido, 0,7% (1/135). Observou-se predominância de estádios embrionários avançados (blastocisto, blastocisto expandido e blastocisto eclodido) que representaram 80% do total de embriões.

Avaliaram-se a habilidade de diferentes hormônios administrados no quinto dia do ciclo estral em induzir a ovulação do folículo dominante da primeira onda folicular (FDPO) e formar um corpo lúteo acessório (CLa) e seus efeitos sobre a concentração plasmática de progesterona (P4) em novilhas receptoras. Cinqüenta e duas novilhas mestiças Holandês-Zebu foram aleatoriamente distribuídas em quatro tratamentos: T1-controle, T2-administração subcutânea de 500mg de rbST, T3-administração intramuscular (IM) de 100mig de GnRH e T4-administração IM de 2000UI e endovenosa de 1000UI de hCG. Realizou-se palpação transretal nos dias 5, 13 e 60 para detecção de corpo lúteo original (CLo), de CLa e de gestação, respectivamente. A formação de CLa foi de: T1-0/12 (0,0%), T2-0/13 (0,0%), T3-5/12 (41,7%) e T4-10/15 (66,7%)(P0,05). As taxas de gestação, T1=37,5% (3/8), T2=62,5% (5/8), T3=28,6% (2/7) e T4=33,3% (3/9), não diferiram entre tratamentos (P>0,05). Estes resultados mostraram que o FDPO no quinto dia do ciclo estral foi capaz de responder ao GnRH e à hCG, ovular e formar um CLa, o que elevou a concentração plasmática de P4 de novilhas no 13º dia do ciclo estral, período crítico para o estabelecimento da gestação em bovinos.The ability of different hormones administered on day five of the estrous cycle to induce the ovulation of the first wave dominant follicle (FWDF) and to form an accessory corpus luteum (CLa), and the respective effects on plasma progesterone concentrations were studied in recipient heifers. Fifty-two crossbred Holstein-Zebu heifers were randomly assigned to four treatments: T1-control, T2-subcutaneous administration of 500mg of rbST, T3-intramuscular administration of 100mug of GnRH and T4-administration of 3000IU of hCG (1000IU endovenous and 2000IU intramuscular). Transrectal palpation was performed on days 5, 13 and 60 to check original corpus luteum, CLa and pregnancy, respectively. CLa formation was as follow: T1-0/12 (0.0%), T2-0/13 (0.0%), T3-5/12 (41.7%) and T4-10/15 (66.7%), being T1 and T2 different from T3 and T4 (P

A criopreservação do sêmen bovino contribui para as cadeias produtivas do leite e da carne, melhorando a eficiência dos rebanhos e, consequentemente, sua lucratividade. Neste contexto, diferentes métodos e aditivos são utilizados para melhorar a resistência espermática à criopreservação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de ácido ascórbico (vitamina C) e Trolox (vitamina E sintética) como antioxidantes no meio diluidor de sêmen para preservar a viabilidade do sêmen no processo de congelamento-descongelamento. Oito touros, cinco Bos taurus indicus e três Bos taurus taurus, foram selecionados e submetidos a três coletas de sêmen em intervalos de 48 horas. Os ejaculados foram submetidos a uma análise prévia de motilidade, vigor e concentração, a seguir colocados em palhetas de 0,25 mL na proporção de 25×106 de espermatozoides viáveis, e distribuídos em quatro grupos: GI (sêmen diluído sem adição de vitaminas), GII (sêmen diluído com 250 μmoL mL-1 de Trolox), GIII (sêmen diluído com 0,60 mg mL-1 de vitamina C) e GIV (sêmen diluído com 0,60 mg mL-1 de vitamina C + 250 μmoL mL-1 de Trolox); posteriormente, foram submetidos à criopreservação. Os movimentos e a cinética dos espermatozoides descongelados foram analisados por Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA), não havendo diferença (p0,05). A interação entre Trolox e vitamina C gerou resultados significativos para a motilidade espermática após o descongelamento quando avaliada pelo TRT, e a viabilidade espermática quando avaliada pelo HOST, sendo superiores aos encontrados no grupo controle e no grupo com adição de vitamina C.

Na tentativa de se estabelecerem condições de estocagem de embriões bovinos da raça Nelore, resfriaram-se 29 embriões em um contêiner modelo Celle modificado, por 24 horas a 5°C. Os embriões foram avaliados, classificados quanto ao estádio de desenvolvimento e qualidade embrionária, antes e após o resfriamento, e transferidos a receptoras sincronizadas à base de prostaglandina e progestágeno. Dos embriões resfriados, 82,8% (24/29) eram grau I, 13,6% (3/29) grau II e 6,9% (2/29) grau III. Após 24 horas de resfriamento, 62,1% (18/29) dos embriões continuaram grau I, 20,7% (6/29) grau II e 17,2% (5/29) grau III. Durante o resfriamento, todos os embriões permaneceram no mesmo estádio de desenvolvimento. Porém, dos embriões na fase de blastocisto inicial a blastocisto expandido, 82,8% (24/29) apresentaram colapso da blastocele. Após a transferência, obtiveram-se 37,9% (11/29) de gestação positiva, inferior (P

Nesse ensaio busco apresentar o sentido de psicodelia como algo que extrapola dimensões mentais, questionando justamente o caráter “psi” – também trazido sob a forma de alteração da consciência – como elemento central para pensar a experiência envolvida. Para tanto, em primeiro lugar saliento a vocação ascética da filosofia – de Platão a Descartes – a partir das posições críticas de Nietzsche, Jacques Derrida e Denise Ferreira da Silva. A busca da “transparência” envolve uma consciência pura e, por isso, a repulsa ao pharmakon. No entanto, jamais foi possível realizar a “consciência” sem o auxílio de arfetatos “externos”: a escritura, ou o pharmakon, é o termo que atravessa as oposições entre puro e impuro. A partir disso, contrasto a experiência xamânica com a experiência psicodélica, apresentando um contraponto comparativo a partir da antropologia simétrica e da espectrologia que nos permite pensar o xamanismo – pensado a partir de A Queda do Céu, de Davi Kopenawa e Bruce Albert. Enquanto os brancos “só sonham consigo mesmos”, o xamã traça uma aliança com as “plantas mestras” a fim de desencadear uma viagem para o Exterior, e não para uma interioridade recalcada, mística ou alucinatória.

O uso de telefones inteligentes ou smartphones (em inglês) como recurso didático-pedagógico para o ensino está se tornando cada vez mais presente nos diferentes níveis educacionais. No entanto, há pouca discussão nas escolas sobre este dispositivo tecnológico em si. Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que, adotando como referencial teórico-metodológico noções da Análise de Discurso em sua vertente iniciada por Pêcheux, visa compreender de que modo um grupo de professores de química em formação inicial, participantes na implementação de uma unidade de ensino estruturada na forma de controvérsia científica ao redor do coltan e desenvolvida com a mediação da Narrativa Transmídia (NT) como recurso didático, produzem Discurso Digital Escolar relativo à Química (DDErQ), analisando os possíveis efeitos dessa mediação nos seus processos formativos. A unidade de ensino implementou-se na sua integridade de maneira virtual ao longo de seis semanas com duas turmas de professores em formação que cursavam disciplinas que compõem a grade curricular da Licenciatura Integrada em Química e Física e da Licenciatura em Química da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). A coleta de informações foi realizada através de questionários escritos, gravações de áudio e vídeo das oficinas síncronas e das narrativas construídas ao redor da temática selecionada disponibilizadas pelos participantes através de diferentes plataformas tecnológicas. A partir desta experiência, os resultados desvendam cinco condições relevantes para compreender os modos de produção do DDErQ e, com base nas reflexões dos participantes, permitem inferir alguns indícios de relações entre as condições de produção discursiva, a unidade de ensino e a mediação da NT como recurso didático em seus processos de formação inicial. Apontam também para a necessidade de mobilizar novos modos de leitura das tecnologias e do digital em sala de aula. Por fim, as análises sustentam a tese de que tais elementos representam subsídios potenciais no intuito de traçar novos percursos que contribuam à reinterpretação e à ressignificação de suas práticas escolares futuras no contexto de ensino de química.

Objetivo: Avaliar o tempo de fluoroscopia intraoperatória em osteossínteses com haste intramedular das fraturas diafisárias do fêmur e/ou tíbia. Métodos: Estudo observacional, descritivo e retrospectivo, através de estudo dos prontuários de pacientes admitidos com fraturas na região diafisária da tíbia e/ou do fêmur e submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico com haste intramedular. Resultados: O tempo médio de fluoroscopia por procedimento foi de 239 ± 157 segundos. A comparação do tempo de fluoroscopia entre tipos de cirurgia indicou a haste retrógrada de fêmur como menor necessidade de imagens fluoroscópicas (p

Abstract Objective Considerable attention has been paid to meniscotibial ligaments (MTLs), also known as coronary ligaments, especially after the “Save the Meniscus” initiative gained importance among knee surgeons. Technically challenging, the diagnosis and treatment of ramp lesion show the importance of MTLs. These ligaments were discovered long ago, but their contribution to knee stability has only recently been studied and still lacks information. Thus, the aim of the present study was to describe step-by-step an dissection technique of the medial MTL, efficient, reproducible and that may lead to further research. Method Twenty fresh cadaver knees were used, with no preference for sex or age. The knees were dissected using the same technique standardized by our team. Each dissection step was recorded digitally. Results The medial MTL was found in all 20 knees studied using the aforementioned technique. In our sample, the medial MTL exhibited an average length of 70.0 ± 13.4 mm and width of 32.25 ± 3.09 mm, thickness of 35.3 ± 2.7 mm and weight of 0.672 ± 0.134 g. In all the cases, the medial MTL originated proximally and deeply to the deep MTL in the tibia. Conclusion We describe a simple effective and reproducible medial MTL dissection technique that makes it possible to identify the ligament over the entire medial extension of the knee.

PURPOSEThis study aims to analyze the trends in mortality rates from penile cancer (PeC) and the treatment modalities adopted in Brazil over recent years.MATERIALS AND METHODSDeath records for PeC cases (International Classification of Diseases, version 10 C60) and treatment modalities were extracted from the DATASUS database. A joinpoint regression analysis was conducted to examine the data.RESULTSA total of 7,848 deaths due to PeC were recorded in Brazil between 1996 and 2020. Increasing mortality trends were observed, with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of 0.91 (0.6-1.2; P < .001). The North and Northeast regions had the highest age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) and AAPCs. From 2008 to 2020, the ASMR in the Northeast region remained stable, whereas the North region surpassed it. The Southeast region exhibited a significant downward trend, with an AAPC of –0.91 (–1.3 to -0.5; P < .001). Penile biopsies declined and were more frequent in the southeastern region. A total of 8,498 penile amputations were performed, with 39.4% and 29.1% conducted in the Southeast and Northeast regions, respectively.CONCLUSIONBrazil has experienced increasing mortality trends in PeC over the past 2 decades. Low schooling, married, and young men from the North or Northeast regions represent the majority of deaths. Urgent efforts are needed to enhance the diagnosis and treatment of PeC to prevent and reduce mortality rates in the country.