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Indian Freedom Struggle was fought for more than hundred years. There were many challenges in the course of the struggle. Strong and powerful leaders led the struggle in different part of the country. In that the role of Gandhi is remarkable and unique in nature. Nationalism in India was an uneven development, originating indifferent parts of India at different time. The ideology of nationalism unified the different linguistic and cultural communities of India. It became an effective weapon in the twentieth century for the Indians to fight against the British. During the latter half of the 19th century political consciousness of the people had been growing steadily. But the leaders failed to obtain any concessions from the British rulers. At the same time the colonial exploitation of the country continued. There was a struggle for freedom from the British. So many freedom fighters participate in the freedom struggle to liberate India. Some of the freedom fighters were well known to the people. Many freedom fighters were unknown to the people. Those unsung heroes of southern part of India are in numerable. Among the extremist leaders some persons are unique. The unsung freedom fighters of Tamil Nadu also gave active participation in the freedom movement and they did not stop with formulating certain ideas but also suggested the ways for attaining freedom. They advised economic boycott and organization of revolutions to overthrow the British government.&nbsp

Modeling the evolution of Covid-19 incidence rate is critical to deciding and assessing non-medical intervention strategies that can lead to successful containment of the pandemic. This research presents a mathematical model to empirically assess measures related to various pandemic containment strategies, their similarities and a probabilistic estimate on the evolution of Covid-19 incidence rates. The model is built on the principle that, the exponential rise and decay of the number of confirmed Covid-19 infections can be construed as a set of concurrent non-linear waves. These waves can be characterized by a linear combination of Gaussian and Cauchy Lorentz functions collectively termed as Gaussian-Lorentzian Composite (GLC) function. The GLC function is used for non-linear approximation of officially confirmed Covid-19 incidence rates in each country. Results of fitting GLC based models to incidence rate trends of 20 different countries proves that the models can empirically explain the growth and decay trajectory Covid-19 infections in a given population.

This research work presents the results of an experimental investigation on wear study of cermet cutting tools during machining of AISI 4340 steel (45 HRC). The cryogenic treatment and Ti-Al-N coating were performed over cermet inserts substrate. The four different cermet inserts such as cryogenically treated (Tool 2), cryogenically treated and subsequently Ti-Al-N coated (Tool 4), Ti-Al-N coated (Tool 3) and plain cermet (Tool 1) were taken. Experiments were performed to evaluate the tool wear at different machining conditions. Result indicated that cryogenically treated and subsequently Ti-Al-N coated cermet cutting tool performs better than other cermet cutting tools.

In this paper, two different evolutionary algorithm-based neural network models were developed to optimise the unit production cost. The hybrid neural network models are, namely, genetic algorithm-based neural network (GA-NN) model and particle swarm optimization- based neural network (PSO-NN) model. These hybrid neural network models were used to find the optimal cutting conditions of Ti(C,N) mixed alumina-based ceramic cutting tool (CC650) and SiC whisker-reinforced alumina- based ceramic cutting tool (CC670) on machining glass fibre-reinforced plastic (GFRP) composite. The objective considered was the minimization of unit production cost subjected to various machine constraints. An orthogonal design and analysis of variance was employed to determine the effective cutting parameters on the tool life. Neural network helps obtain a fairly accurate prediction, even when enough and adequate information is not available. The GA-NN and PSO-NN models were compared for their performance. Optimal cutting conditions obtained with the PSO-NN model are the best possible compromise com- pared with the GA-NN model during machining GFRP composite using alumina cutting tool. This model also proved that neural networks are capable of reducing uncertainties related to the optimization and estimation of unit production cost.

The purpose behind the current investigation was to understand the role of antibacterial activity of mucus in marketed air breathing fishes viz : against the selected human and fish pathogenic bacteria. In the current study, efforts have been made to screen the antimicrobial efficacy of the mucus harvested from two marketed air-breathing fishes namely Channa striatus and Heteropneustes fossilis. The antimicrobial effect of mucus was tested at 30ul concentration by well diffusion method against ten bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogens (Gram Positive), Escherichia coli , Proteus vulgaris , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Salmonella typhimurium and Vibrio cholera (Gram Negative) and Mycobacterium smegmatis (Acid-fast bacilli). The activity was measured in terms of zone of the inhibition in mm. Ciprofloxacin was used as a positive control. The antibacterial effect was noted in the mucus collected from both the fishes. Even though the effect of mucus was found to be lesser when compared to the antibiotic – ciprofloxacin, considerable effect against all the bacteria was noted irrespective of their type and species. Higher antibacterial zones were noted against Gram positive bacteria than Gram negative and acid fast bacilli. Maximum zonation was noted against Staphylococcus sp and Streptococcus sp (12 mm) with C.striatus mucus. Except M.smegmatis , the effect of mucus from C.striatus for presented a better activity than that of H.fossilis . The findings of the current investigation candidly revealed that the mucus of air breathing fish may be a potential source of antibacterial agent towards the management of bacterial ailments among fish and human.