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Encephalite de Rasmussen est une maladie inflammatoire pediatrique evolutive rare correspond a une atteinte chronique et atrophiante du cerveau, possiblement dorigine auto-immune (anticorps anti-glutamatergiques type 3 ou anti-GLUR3) avec composante virale possible (post herpes, post CMV) chez 40% des cas. Cest une pathologie caracterisee par une perte neuronale et une gliose sur plan anatomopathologique concernant un hemisphere et elle se manifeste par une epilepsie severe et rebelle, et/ou un deficit neurologique hemi corporel. LIRM permet lidentification de cette encephalite afin de beneficier dun traitement adapte (une corticotherapie et une immunosuppression) ou envisager une hemispherotomie.

Background Xeroderma pigmentosum is a rare inherited disease characterized by extreme hypersensitivity to ultraviolet rays and predisposing to cutaneous malignancies that can appear in childhood. These manifestations are often associated with ocular lesions and sometimes with neurological disorders. The association of xeroderma pigmentosum with internal neoplasms such as acute myeloblastic leukemia is not reported with great frequency, which confirms the rarity of this occurrence. Case report A 26-year-old Moroccan women, xeroderma pigmentosum patient, was diagnosed with acute myeloblastic leukemia with a complex karyotype. Due to the adverse risk of the xeroderma pigmentosum association with acute myeloblastic leukemia and the profile of acute myeloblastic leukemia with complex karyotype and monosomy 7, which constitute factors of poor prognosis, as well as the absence of studies conceding the tolerance of the chemotherapy by patients suffering from xeroderma pigmentosum, our patient was put under low-dose cytarabine protocol with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Unfortunately, she died on the tenth day of chemotherapy by acute pulmonary edema of cardiogenic pace complicated by tamponade. Conclusion According to reports, it is the second case showing association of xeroderma pigmentosum with acute myeloblastic leukemia. The management of these patients remains a challenge. Studies focusing on xeroderma pigmentosum patients developing hematological malignancies are necessary to better understand the most appropriate strategies and precautions for this specific case.

Acute myeloïd leukemia (AML) is the most frequent form of acute leukemia among adults and the most aggressive type of leukemia, which is associated with the lowest survival rate. Patients with AML are treated with intensive chemotherapy and many factors could influence the survival of these patients, such as age, cytogenetic abnormalities; white blood cell (WBC) counts. The aim of this work was to study the epidemiological and response profiles of AML adults patients in Morocco.Patients and Methods: A prospective, descriptive study conducted in the Hematology and Pediatric Oncology department, 20 August Hospital Casablanca, and concerned adult patients diagnosed with AML through a period of seven years (January 2011 to December 2017). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. The overall survival and disease-free survival were evaluated by using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results: A total of 927 patients diagnosed with AML during the 7 year period. 466 (50.3%) were males and 461 (49.7%) were females. The median age of patients was 46years.The most represented age group was between 18 and 60 years old with a percentage of 83.2%.The FAB subtype M2 occurred most frequently (27%) followed by M1 (24.8%). The cytogenetic study showed that the majority of patients had a normal karyotype. The t (8; 21) was the most detected balanced translocation in our series and the intermediate cytogenetic group was the most represented group (65.4%). A total of 461 patients (53.54%) were treated according to the protocol AML11. The Disease-free survival (DFS) was significantly better for favorable cytogenetic group as compared to other cytogenetic groups (median survival of 41.58 months for the favorable group versus 29.07 months for the adverse group; p-value = 0.02).Conclusion: The age of AML patients was younger compared to other populations. The majority of patients had a normal karyotype and the commonest balanced translocation was the t (8; 21). Survival was higher in patients with good prognosis.

The first meeting of the African Blood and Marrow Transplantation (AfBMT) was held in Casablanca from April 19, 2018 to April 21, 2018, with the aim of fostering hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) activity in Africa. Out of the 54 African countries, HSCT is available only in six (Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa, and Tunisia). During this meeting, African teams and international experts from the Worldwide Network for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (WBMT) gathered to share their experience and discussed ways to help fill the gap. Nurses and patients held their meeting in parallel. International support and collaboration can help by providing expertise adapted to local resources and regional population needs. Local engagement including government and private participants are necessary to initiate and develop local HSCT capability.

The human multidrug resistance MDR1 gene plays a crucial role in the absorption, transport, metabolism and elimination of harmful compounds. An impaired metabolism of these compounds related to genetic polymorphism may cause cancer such as acute myeloid leukemia AML. Objective: The present study investigated the relationship between C1236T polymorphism and the risk of AML development in a sample of Moroccan population. Methods: The present case-control study included 131 AML patients and 136 healthy controls. The MDR1 C1236T polymorphism was identified by PCR-RFLP method. Meta-analysis was performed to discuss our results. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS, MetaGenyo and MedCalc. Results: A positive association was found between the 1236TT mutant genotype and the risk of AML (OR 2.39; 95% CI 1.02-5.57, p= 0.04) compared to the wild type 1236CC. In addition, the recessive model revealed that carriers of 1236TT mutant genotype were more exposed to develop AML when compared to the combined 1236CC/CT genotype (OR: 2.27, CI: 1.01–5.05, p=0.04). The clinical parameters of AML showed no significant association. Meta-analysis demonstrated no statistically significant association between this polymorphism and AML susceptibility. Conclusion: Our study suggests that the MDR1C1236T polymorphism appears to be associated with the risk of AML. Further studies, including a large sample size, are needed to confirm these findings.

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a complex disease that is linked to genetic and environmental factors. The gluthatione S-transferase (GST) is a family of enzymes that play a crucial role in the detoxification of carcinogens. These compounds could cause DNA damage, which might lead to the development of cancer. Interindividual inherited differences caused by the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in detoxification enzyme, could play a major role in cancer predisposition. The present study aimed to investigate the association between GST gene polymorphisms and AML risk. Methods: The GSTP1 genotype was determined by the PCR-RFLP and multiplex PCR for GSTT1 and GSTM1. Meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between GST gene and the risk of AML. Results: We found that GSTT1 null genotype was significantly associated with the risk of AML. However, GSTM1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms did not influence the AML risk. Subjects carrying the GSTM1 Present, GSTT1 null and GSTP1 Ile / Val et Val /Val genotypes had a higher risk of developing AML. The results of meta-analysis showed a positive association between GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null and Ile105Val GSTP1 polymorphisms and AML risk in East Asians, Caucasians, and mixed populations, respectively. Conclusion: GST gene polymorphisms may be risk factors for acute myeloid leukemia.

Describe the trend and the characteristics of the positioning of Maghreb medical production and its visibility, at the global, African and Arab level, following an in-depth reading of the Scimago platform, over a period of 25 years (1996-2020 ).This is an in-depth reading, centered on the Maghreb, of the Maghreb medical production referenced on the Scimago platform, from 1996 to 2020. The bibliometric extracts were based on the number of published "documents" and the index H: number of articles (h) from a country having received at least h citations. The benchmarking of the productivity and medical visibility of the five Maghreb countries (Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria, Libya, Mauritania) was carried out at the global (237 countries), African (59 countries) and Arab (21 countries) level.Following the first African countries producing the most medical documents (South Africa, Egypt and Nigeria), the position of the Maghreb countries varied from 4 in Tunisia to 36 in Mauritania. In Arab countries, the position of medical production, dominated by Egypt and Saudi Arabia, was 12 and 18, successively in Algeria and Libya. The evolution of medical documents recorded a cross between Tunisia and Morocco in 2014, followed by a deceleration in Moroccan production. In the Maghreb, the h index varied from 154 in Tunisia to 29 in Mauritania.In addition to its weak position in the world, African and Arab rankings over the past 25 years, Maghreb medical research has been characterized by a major fluctuation. The "Alliance for Excellence" charter of the PRP2S Network, based on the promotion of university essays and electronic journals, constitutes an operational roadmap for the development of the production and visibility of research in the Maghreb.

Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) have been demonstrated to be more therapy-resistant than leukemic blast cells reflecting measurable residual disease (MRD). CD34+CD38- cell frequency is an independent factor for relapse prediction and could therefore be used in the future to improve MRD assessment in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This protocol is designed to enable accurate and reproducible immunophenotypic detection of measurable residual stem cell disease necessary for proper therapeutic decision and report their prognostic value in AML patients.Fifty-four Novo AML adult patients diagnosed in the onco-hematology service of the "20 August 1953" Hospital in Casablanca. We analyzed phenotype and frequency of CD45dim CD34+CD38- cells in bone marrow samples from patients with AML and non-myeloid malignancies using six-color flow cytometry and a simple one-tube essay.For evaluation of leukemic stem cells, our gate strategy was based on the selection of CD34+CD38 - stem cells and leukemia associated immunophenotype approach. Positivity of CD123 or/and aberrant expression of primitive markers CD117 and HLA DR on stem cells discriminate leukemia stem cells from normal hematopoietic stem cells. We reported a statistically significant difference between expressions of primitive markers (CD117 and HLA DR) on leukemic stem cells. In addition, the frequency of LSCs after complete remission in post-induction was persistent in 50% of AML patients.Overall, we show that CD34+CD38-CD123+ as a basic phenotype, with aberrant phenotype detection of HLA DR and CD117 markers on stem cells, contributes to detecting LSCs which indicates the poor prognosis.