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Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is an inevitable action to achieve CO2 emission reduction targets including becoming net-zero by 2050. Increased efforts are therefore required to identify suitable locations for large-scale CO2 storage. In addition to large aquifers, shut down oil and gas fields in the North Sea are logical candidates for offshore large-scale CO2 storage because of their proven storage capacity, reliable caprock integrity, established infrastructure, and public acceptance. However, in some cases, old and legacy wells are subject to high uncertainties in their integrity, and they can compromise CO2 containment in such reservoirs. On the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS), such wells are numerous even outside of oil and gas production areas, i.e., legacy wells affecting aquifers. Therefore, there is a clear need for reliable and cost-effective technologies for well integrity evaluation and remediation. This paper discusses a workflow for screening, monitoring, and remediation of legacy wells. In a first stage, the screening of the Horda Platform areas suggested the need for integrity investigation for the exploration well 32/4-1 T2, drilled into the Alpha structure of the Smeaheia fault block if CO2 is stored in the structure. Our initial well screening of drilling documentation indicates that the well is not suitable to be reused for CO2 injection and geophysical monitoring is recommended. In a second stage, a numerical representation of the well architecture is built including realistic geological setting. We evaluate the sensitivity of non-invasive low-frequency electromagnetic monitoring to corrosion levels in the casing. Numerical end-member simulations of assuming casing corrosion of different degrees by changing material conductivity are performed. Results comparing different corrosion scenarios with a base case (no corrosion) give an above noise signal at receiver locations enabling to separate the different cases. Comparison of the gained electrical fields at seafloor suggests that well casing corrosion monitoring should be possible. Finally, the electrochemical deposition potential of the Sognefjord Formation water is analyzed, revealing depositional potential for portlandite, which might be useful for cement remediation. We recommend such an analysis for all legacy wells penetrating candidate reservoirs for future CO2 or hydrogen storage.

Abstract Background The current study examined the psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the Adolescent Distress-Eustress Scale (ADES) in Saudi Arabia. It assessed the factorial structure through a confirmatory factor analysis, composite reliability through Cronbach alpha and McDonald’s omega scores, gender invariance, and convergent validity through its correlation to resilience. Methods A total of 505 high school students from 21 randomly selected schools in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (mean age of 16.66 ± 1.10 years, 52.7% females) participated in the study. The questionnaires were translated using the forward and backward technique. Results Findings revealed good internal consistency of the Arabic ADES (McDonald’s ω being 0.82 for distress and 0.79 for eustress). Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the two-factor structure of the scale and demonstrated measurement invariance across gender at the configural, metric, and scalar levels. Girls had higher Distress scores, while boys reported higher eustress scores, which was consistent with previous studies. Finally, the ADES distress and eustress scales were significantly correlated to resilience supporting convergent validity. Conclusion The present study supports the reliability and validity of the Arabic version of the ADES as a self-report method to assess Eustress and Distress in adolescents. Pending further validations to support the present findings, this measure can be utilized by schools, mental health providers, and researchers to support Arabic speaking adolescents globally.

Abstract Background Although the co-occurrence of psychotic experiences (PEs) and psychological distress symptoms is growingly recognized in several previous studies, there is still a lack of literature, which clearly outlines how these two psychopathological entities affect each other over time. This study is intended to add to the literature by examining: (a) the longitudinal, bidirectional associations between PEs and psychological distress in a sample of Tunisian adolescents, and (b) whether these associations are moderated by sex. Methods 510 adolescent students (mean age of 16.05 ± 1.01 years, 61.2% females) took part in a prospective longitudinal study. PEs and psychological distress were measured at three occasions over a one-year period. The cross-lagged panel modeling approach was adopted. Results The current results showed that the experience of PEs at baseline tended to temporally precede prospective increases in psychological distress (at 6 months), which had in turn led to further exacerbation of psychological distress at 12 months of follow-up. Temporally primary psychological distress symptoms were not a significant predictor for the development of later psychotic symptoms in the whole sample. However, temporal patterns between adolescent distress and psychotic symptoms differed for girls and boys. Endorsing PEs at baseline was followed by greater psychological distress at 6 months, which was in turn associated with a significant increased risk of subsequent exacerbation of PEs at 12 months in boys, whereas psychological distress at 12-month follow-up was significantly predicted by pre-existing PEs in girls. Conclusion These findings suggest that clinicians and support workers are recommended to take into account different social risk profiles for boys and girls when considering interventions to address PEs and distress in adolescents.

Patrick Sami Bou Haidar,1,* Desiree N Alam,1,* Sahar Obeid,2 Diana Malaeb,3 Mariam Dabbous,4 Fouad Sakr,4 Sami El Khatib,5,6 Rabih Hallit,1,7,8,* Feten Fekih-Romdhane,9,10,* Souheil Hallit1,11,12,* 1School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon; 2School of Arts and Sciences, Social and Education Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon; 3College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; 4School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon; 5Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Bekaa, Lebanon; 6Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics (CAMB), Gulf University for Science and Technology (GUST), Hawally, Kuwait; 7Department of Infectious Disease, Bellevue Medical Center, Mansourieh, Lebanon; 8Department of Infectious Disease, Notre Dame des Secours, University Hospital Center, Byblos, Lebanon; 9The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry “Ibn Omrane”, Razi Hospital, Manouba, 2010, Tunisia; 10Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia; 11Department of Psychology, College of Humanities, Effat University, Jeddah, 21478, Saudi Arabia; 12Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Souheil Hallit, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon, Email souheilhallit@usek.edu.lbBackground: Dysmenorrhea, characterized by painful menstrual cramps, significantly impacts the well-being of women globally. Despite its prevalence and adverse effects, dysmenorrhea is often underdiagnosed and inadequately treated. This study aims to validate the Arabic version of the Working ability, Location, Intensity, Days of pain, and Dysmenorrhea (WaLIDD) scale among Lebanese female university students aged 18– 45.Methods: This cross-sectional study, involving 729 participants, utilized a translated WaLIDD scale and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS-8).Results: Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) confirmed the one-factor structure of the WaLIDD scale, demonstrating excellent fit indices, with good internal reliability. Concurrent validity analysis revealed significant associations between higher WaLIDD scores and elevated levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea in the study was estimated at 7.3%.Conclusion: The study underscores the importance of the WaLIDD scale as a reliable and valid tool for assessing dysmenorrhea among Arabic-speaking populations. The successful validation of the Arabic version facilitates its application in Lebanon and potentially other Arab regions, providing a universal tool to predict and assess dysmenorrhea and its impact. Further research is encouraged to explore the scale’s applicability in clinical settings and tailor interventions for improved women’s well-being.Keywords: dysmenorrhea, psychometric, scale, Arabic