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The article focuses on the professional and scientific path of Professor Ivan Mykolayovych Ishchenko. He was a leading Ukrainian surgeon, a renowned scientist, an accomplished teacher, and a great humanist who formed the ideology of surgical science. Professor Ishchenko defined and developed promising directions for scientific research in the fields of military field surgery, urology, traumatology, neuro‑ and thoracic surgery, and tissue transplantation. His scientific interests included the surgical treatment of diseases of the biliary tract, liver, and stomach as well as theoretical and practical issues of anesthesia administration.

Aim. Evaluation of the role of different internodes and leaf sheaths of winter wheat stem in storage and remobilization of reserve water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) under natural water deficit in order to develop effective criteria for selection of high-yielding genotypes. Methods. The specific content and total amount of WSC at the onset and the end of grain filling and the quantity of WSC remobilized in different parts of the stem were determined. Results. It was found that the main part of reserve WSC in plants of modern winter wheat varieties was accumulated and mobilized in the 2nd, 3rd and 4-5th (counting from above) internodes, the contribution of peduncle and leaf sheaths was much smaller. The highest WSC depositing capacity of all stem segments were found in the high-yielding variety Kyivska 17 and the lowest one in the less productive variety Poradnytsia. Conclusions. The values of accumulation and remobilization of WSC in the 2nd and 3rd from the top internodes can characterize the storage capacity of the stem and be used to assess the relationships with grain productivity in the breeding winter wheat in arid conditions.

The article highlights the professional and scientific path of Professor Oleksiy Petrovych Krymov — professor of surgery and head of the Department of Faculty Surgery of the Kyiv Medical Institute.

Any system of interpersonal and intercultural relationshipsposes topical questions for the researcher and stimulates the process ofidentifying relevant answers. Our attention is focused on the influenceof one culture on the other, i.e. on the phenomenon of acculturation. Thepurpose of the article is to provide a brief excursus into the history ofthe concept discussed.In general, acculturation (Latin acculturare from ad — towards, at,for and cultura — education, development, culture) presupposes the partialadoption of an alien culture by an individual, a group, or society.The concept applies primarily to knowledge, values, norms, skills, habits,techniques, beliefs, and language. Acculturation may lead either tothe enrichment or to the disappearance of a culture, i.e. to its assimilation. The term acculturation originated from British and American culturalanthropology. It was used to describe the effects of cultural interactionwith a new alien culture during the process of colonization in the late19th century (Powell, J. W. 1880, Boas, F. 1896, Thurnwald, R. 1932,Redfield, R. 1935, Herskovits, M. 1938, Linton, R. 1940).In the early 20th century, the term began to appear in American dictionariesand encyclopedias. The second half of the 1930s is characterizedby a heightened interest in the systematic study of acculturationprocesses, reflected in the works of many scientists, namely Herskovits,M., Redfield, R., and Linton, R. Memorandum for Acculturation (1936);Herskovits, M. Acculturation: The Study of Culture Contact (1938), Manand his Works: The Science of Cultural Anthropology (1948); Linton,R. Acculturation in Seven American Indian Tribes (1940), etc.Until the 1950s, the research in the field of acculturation was limitedto the studies of changes in cultural traditions under the influence ofWestern civilization. However, since the ’50s and ’60s, the research hassignificantly expanded its horizons. Franz Boas claimed that alien cultureinfluenced everyone’s development.In the context of globalization and mass migration, the scientific conceptof acculturation remains rather significant.

Drought is a major abiotic factor adversely affecting wheat productivity. Water deficit reduces significantly photosynthesis and hence the remobilization of stored assimilate reserves from the stem becomes important sources for grain filling. We assessed the ability of different stem internodes and leaf sheaths to deposit and remobilize reserve assimilates as well as their role in grain yield formation in 6 winter wheat varieties under drought conditions during the period of grain filling. The dry weight and content of water-soluble carbohydrates in the dry matter of stem internodes and leaf sheaths of the main shoot was determined at anthesis, the beginning of milk ripeness and full grain ripeness. The total amount of water-soluble carbohydrates in stem segments was calculated as the product of their specific content in the dry matter of the stem segment and its mass. The amount of remobilized dry matter and water-soluble carbohydrates for each segment was estimated as the difference between the appropriate values at anthesis or milk ripeness and full ripeness. The maximum accumulation of water-soluble carbohydrates in the stem was reached at early milk ripeness. The most productive varieties Kyivska 17 and Horodnytsia had the largest amount of remobilized water-soluble carbohydrates in all internodes. Depositing capacity of the second and third (counting from the top) internodes was higher compared to others and has a significant effect on the grain productivity of wheat varieties studied. Despite significant variability and strong genotype x year interaction of the relationships between depositing capacity traits of different stem segments and grain productivity, mainly tight correlations were found for dry matter and total water-soluble carbohydrates accumulation and remobilization in second and third internodes with yield and grain weight per spike. The obtained data suggests that the remobilization of deposited water-soluble carbohydrates is an important factor contributing to the filling of winter wheat grain in arid conditions and more detailed studies of relationships of depositing capacity of individual stem segments with yield can be useful for development of breeding tools for further genetic yield improvement.

The modern stage of development of surgery, especially minimal invasive technologies, has significantly changed the surgeons' thoughts about the perioperative period. Until the end of the twentieth century, pre‑ and postoperative fasting was the most important requirement in planned surgery. It was believed that it could help to avoid complications both during surgery and in the early postoperative period. H. Kehlet in his fundamental work outlined the factors that allowed to accelerate the patient's recovery after surgery, namely: the absence of preoperative fasting. Objective — to evaluate the effectiveness of nutritional support for surgical patients within ERAS (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery) and ESPEN (European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism) protocols. Materials and methods. This research included both traditional laparoscopic cholecystectomy (177 cases) and single‑port transumbilical cholecystectomy (8); among laparoscopic bariatric interventions, the major part was represented by classical Roux‑Y gastric shunting (28), as well as sleeve gastrectomy (5) and mini‑gastric shunting (4); among 123 different laparoscopic hernioplasties, in 64 cases transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) was performed for bubonocele, intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM) for postoperative ventral and umbilical hernias (59), laparoscopic crurography and fundoplication with and without alloplasty (33). For each type of surgery two groups we identified: control and experimental. Both groups were followed by ERAS protocols in addition to nutritional support. With the prior consent of patients before surgery: the experimental group received full perioperative nutritional support according to our local protocols using protein‑enriched sip feeding formula Nutridrink Protein, the control group followed the traditional scheme of fasting during 12 hours before surgery and received regular drinking water instead of protein mixtures at the first postoperative day. Results. We found statistically significant difference between control and experimental groups in assessing of two important parameters as hunger and weakness. The hunger after laparoscopic cholecystectomy was 1.5 times (p

The purpose of this article is to substantiate and analyze the problem of information development and educational environment of IP(VT)E in the digital space and identify current issues, it inhibits this process, outlining the author's vision of solutions. A set of theoretical and empirical methods was used to study the issue. Using these methods the components were identified and they have became key in determining of the main problems. The current problem of development of information and educational environment in the conditions of digitalization of society is researched in the article. The current state of the digitalization process in IP(VT)E and its impact on the development of information and educational environment are studied. Teachers and students faced with some problems in the training and production process, including in the conditions of distance learning, which is caused by certain quarantine restrictions in the conditions of a COVID-19 pandemic. These main problem issues were determined. The analysis of the activities of the IP(VT) in Ukrainian regions was made as for the creation and development of information and educational environment, by developing models and implementing individual components of the digitalization process; development of electronic educational literature and introduction of 3d-modeling technologies.

The article presents the professional and scientific path of Professor Volodymyr Opanasovych Karavaiev — the first professor of surgery, first head of the department, first organizer and first dean of the medical faculty of St. Volodymyr University, who worked at the university clinic (now Kyiv City Clinical Hospital No18).

The article highlights that the phenomenon of cross-cultural interactions retains its significance and relevance during the time of rapid globalization and active migration. Intercultural conflicts often lead to social imbalance, alienation, separation, and even to the loss of national identity. Everything depends on the nature of acculturation pathways, i.e. the strategies migrants choose in order to adapt to a multicultural environment. Within the framework of cross-cultural psychology, J. Berry – an influential Canadian scholar in the field of social multiculturalism – proposed the concept in terms of intercultural relations and acculturation strategies. According to the researcher, the latter comprises two components, namely: socio-cultural attitudes and the real model of individual behavior under specific conditions, which rarely coincide. Such strategies as assimilation, separation/segregation, marginalization, and integration have been discussed in the article. By assimilation we mean the refusal from or complete loss of people’s cultural identity, traditions, language, and the consequential unification with the dominant ethnic group. Separation or segregation is defined by the absence of significant relations or contacts with the dominant ethnic group and the preservation of ethnic identity and traditions. This strategy can take the form of either segregation or separation, depending on which group (dominant or non-dominant) controls the situation. Marginalization is characterized by the feeling of alienation, the loss of the sense of identity, and the so-called acculturation stress. This strategy leads to the deprivation of cultural and psychological interactions with both the traditional and dominant cultures due to exclusion or discrimination. Integration is perceived as both the preservation of the cultural integrity of a certain group and the desire to become an essential part of a larger community. Therefore, integration can be considered the middle ground between preserving one's cultural identity and joining a dominant society. In conclusion, the integration strategy is considered the most successful. However, it should also be emphasized that such factors as a relatively low level of social prejudice, positive relationships between different cultural groups, and a wide range of cultural values within a society are vital for the effective implementation of the strategy. In further research, we intend to investigate which of the strategies mentioned international students use most during the process of their acculturation to a foreign academic environment.

Мета роботи: визначити оптимальну тактику вибору хірургічного лікування спортивної грижі у футболістів. Матеріали і методи. Проведено аналіз результатів хірургічного лікування 36 футболістів професійних та аматорських клубів віком від 18 до 34 років із діагнозом спортивна грижа, які перебували в хірургічному відділенні КМКЛ № 3 впродовж 2014–2019 рр. Хворих було розподілено на дві групи дослідження залежно від методики хірургічного втручання. В першій групі виділено дві підгрупи, до першої підгрупи хворих увійшли 10 футболістів, яким виконували лапароскопічну інтраперитонеальну герніо­алопластику за методикою IPOM. До другої підгрупи увійшли 8 футболістів, яким виконували лапароскопічну інтраперитонеальну герніоалопластику за методикою IPOM із субдермальним ушиванням внутрішніх пахових кілець. До другої групи увійшли 18 футболістів, яким виконували лапароскопічну трансабдомінальну преперитонеальну герніоалопластику за методикою TAPP. Для оцінки показників якості життя застосовували опитувальник The Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) та Eura HS Quality of Life score (Eura HS-QoL у модифікації). Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. При аналізі показників за шкалою HAGOS якість життя до операції не відрізнялась в обох групах дослідження, тоді як після проведення хірургічного лікування значно підвищилась у другій групі з 47 до 96 балів та в першій групі з 45 до 80 балів (р

Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of multi-ton materials in Ukraine and in Ivano-Frankivsk region, which Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of multi-ton materials in Ukraine and in Ivano-Frankivsk region, which contain energy components, are given. It is proposed to process water treatment sludges containing petro-leum products by preparing a raw material mixture from the following man-made substances: oil sludge, ash, zeo-lite screenings, calcium-containing compounds and viscous materials. The optimal composition of the raw material mixture is as follows: as a filler for construction products (concrete): ash – 60-65 %, liquid glass s olution – 5-7 %, limestone dust – 3-5 %, organic additives – 7-10 %, soda ash – 10-12 %, which is granulated and heat t reated at 120-140 °C. The research results and technical char acteristics of the obtained granular materials, which are formed from a mixture containing a significant amount of hydrocarbon sludge, have lower strength, but greater porosity and lower thermal conductivity. Granules from a mixture № 4-7 are characterized by higher strength, and due to their properties they belong to the structural and thermal insulation materials. The technology of obtaining a raw material mixture for soda production is based on the LeBlanc process – the interaction in the seco nd stage of sodium sulfate, carbon and calcium carbonate with the formation of calcium sulfide, sodium carbonate and carbon (IV) oxide. It is proposed to prepare a raw mixture for the production of sodium carbonate from sodium sulfate con-taining petroleum product, which is formed by the technology of obtaining oxygen-containing additives, and sludge containing petroleum products, which will provide a high temperature during the soda production process. The processing of sludge from oil refining and energy facilities into granular materials shows that they can be used in the construction industry and soda production, which reduces the energy consumption of the processes of obtaining such materials.

The purpose of the research was to find out the effect of foliar fertilization with complex microfertilizers together with fungicides on the growth and development of plants and the yield of beet root in the Western Forest Steppe. Methods. Field, analytical and statistical. Results. It was found that the foliar fertilization of ADOB micro and macrofertilizers with the fungicide Impact in the Harold variety – 61.46 thousand m2/ha, and in Kestrel – 73.06 thousand m2/ha, provided the largest leaf area. The highest photosynthetic potential was in the Kestrel variety with foliar ADOB macro+micro compatibility with the Impact fungicide (2.37 million m2 × days/ha). Foliar fertilization of ADOB microfertilizers macro+micro with application rate of 2.0 kg/ha and fungicide Impact with application rate of 0.25 l/ha provides the highest weight of Harold root crops for the harvesting period at 413.0 g and Kestrel variety – 516.1 g. The introduction of ADOB macro+micro complex microfertilizers, in combination with Topsin M and Impact fungicides, provided the highest yield of beet root in Harold variety – 62.0-62.2 t/ha and Kestrel variety – 75.4-77.4 t/ha. The highest solids content and sugars were also observed in the variant, where they applied foliar ADOB macro+micro compound fertilizers with Topsin M and Impact fungicides in Harold variety - 15.6-15.7% and 8.5%, in Kestrel variety – 16.0-16.1% ??? 8.9%, respectively. The foliar fertilization of ADOB microfertilizer macro+micro in combination with the fungicide Impact provided the highest betanin content of 352.5 mg/100 g of raw weight in the Harold variety, and 270.9 mg/100 g of raw weight in the Kestrel variety. The combined application of ADOB microfertilizers macro+micro and fungicide Impact allowed to obtain maximum rates of profitability in the Kestrel variety - 241.6%, in the Harold variety - 182.3%. Keywords: beet; variety; foliar fertilization; root crops; microfertilizers References Archer, J. (1988). Crop nutrition and fertilizer use. Farming Press Ltd., Ipswich Suffolk. Bezvikonnyi, P.V. (2018). Effectiveness of combined application of fungicides and foliar fertilization of microfertilizers on beet crops. Taurian Scientific Bulletin, 100, 9–14 (in Ukrainian). Bondarenko, G.L., Yakovenko, K.I. (2001). Methods of research in vegetable growing and melons. Kharkiv: Osnova (in Ukrainian). Bulygin, S.Yu., Demishev, L.F., Doronin, V.A. (2007). Microelements in agriculture. Dnipropetrovsk: Jan (in Ukrainian). Bundinien??, O., Viskelis, P., Zalatorius, V. (2007). Influence of the additional fertilization through leaves on red beet yield and crop-root quality. Sodininkyst?? ir dar�ininkyst??, 26 (1), 108–118. Elbe, J.H., Maing, I.Y. & Amundson, C.H. (1974). Color stability of betanin. J. Food. Sci, 39, 333–337. Elkner, K., Badelek, E., Gorecki, R. & Grudzien, K. (2006). The effect of fertilization on yield, quality and storage ability of red beet. 24. Conference “Effect of pre- and post-harvest factors on health promoting components and quality of fruit and vegetables”. Book of abstracts and final programme, Skierniewice. Imran, M., Gurmani, Z. A. (2011). Role of macro and micro nutrients in plant growth and development. Science, Technology and Development, 30 (3), 36–40. Kuts, O.V. (2007). Increase of yield and improvement of beetroot rooting in the use of foliar plant nutrition by microelements. Vegetables and melons, 53, 89–95 (in Ukrainian). Lykhochvor, V.V., Kostiuchko, S.S. (2015). Effect of fungicides on sugar beet productivity. Agronomy Today. Available from: http://agro-business.com.ua/agro/ahronomiia-shodni/item/573-vplyv-funhitsydiv-na-produktyvnist-tsukrovykh-buriakiv.html (in Ukrainian) Markoski, M., Bogevska, Z., Petrov, P., Tanaskovik, V., Davitkovska, M., Spalevic, V. (2015). The impact of foliar nutrition on the yield of beetroot crop grown in high fertility soil. Agriculture & Forestry, 61 (2), 235–242. Michalik, B. & Grzebellus, D. (1995). Betanine and nitrate contents in table beet cultivars as a function of growth period and manner of nitrogen fertilization. Acta Hort, 379, 205–212. Ovcharuk, V.I., Mulyarchuk, O.I., Myalkovsky, R.O., Bezvikonnyi, P.V., Kravchenko, V.S., Klymoych, N.M. (2019). Parameters of beet plants. Bulletin of the Uman National University of Horticulture, 1, 70–75 (in Ukrainian). Petek, M., Toth, N, Pecina, M., Lazarevi??, B., Pal?i??, I., Herak ??usti??, M. (2017). Status of Fe, Mn and Zn in red beet due to fertilization and environment. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 18(3), 554–570. Pethybridge, S.J., Vaghefi, N., Kikkert, J.R. (2017). Management of Cercospora leaf spot in conventional and organic table beet production. Plant Dis, 101, 1642–1651. Sanin, Yu.V., Sanin, V.A. (2012). Features of foliar fertilization of crops with microelements. Agribusiness today, 6(229), 45–47. Shkolnik, M.Ya. (1974). Microelements in plant life. Leningrad: Nauka (in Russian). Stefanyuk, G. (2004). Optimal technology for growing beets. Propozytsiya, 3, 32–33 (in Ukrainian). Xu, X.M., Jeffries, P., Pautasso, M., Jeger, M.J. (2011). Combined use of biological control agents to management plant diseases in theory and practice. Phytopathology, 101, 1024–1031. Zaryshniak, A.S., Zherdetsky, I.M. (2007). Foliar application of microfertilizers in the form of metal complex on sugar beet culture. Sugar beet, 3, 18–20 (in Ukrainian).` mp3download.link Best YouTube to MP3 converter. 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To overcome the limitations of the clinical use of neurotrophins nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), scientists have been trying to create their low-molecular-weight mimetics having improved pharmacokinetic properties and lacking side effects of full-sized proteins since the 90s of the last century. The efforts of various research groups have led to the production of peptide and nonpeptide mimetics, being agonists or modulators of the corresponding Trk or p75 receptors that reproduced the therapeutic effects of full-sized proteins. This review discusses different strategies and approaches to the design of such compounds. The relationship between the structure of the mimetics obtained and their action mechanisms and pharmacological properties are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the dipeptide mimetics of individual NGF and BDNF loops having different patterns of activation of Trk receptors signal transduction pathways, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase, which allowed to evaluate the contribution of each pathway to different pharmacological effects. In conclusion, data on therapeutically promising compounds being at different stages of preclinical and clinical studies are summarized.

Мета роботи: вивчити досвід використання ботулотоксину типу А при хірургічному лікуванні вентральних гриж. Матеріали і методи. У клініці кафедри загальної хірургії № 2 Національного медичного університету імені О. О. Богомольця проведено проспективне дослідження, що включало 9 пацієнта. Всі хворі проходили лікування в період з червня 2017 по грудень 2018 року з приводу вентральної грижі. У 7 (77,8 %) пацієнтів було діагностовано післяопераційну вентральну грижу, у 1 (11,1 %) пацієнта – рецидивну післяопераційну вентральну грижу, у 1 (11,1 %) пацієнта – гігантську вентральну грижу білої лінії живота. Всім хворим як передопераційну підготовку було проведено ін’єкцію ботулотоксину типу А в м’язи передньої черевної стінки. Зміни щодо розмірів грижового дефекту оцінювали через 4 тижні з моменту ін’єкції за допомогою об’єктивного обстеження, ультразвукового дослідження та комп’ютерної томографії черевної стінки. Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Через 4 тижні після внутрішньом’язового введення ботулотоксину типу А у всіх пацієнтів за даними комп’ютерної томографії спостерігалося достовірне зменшення розмірів грижового дефекту (р

Objective The aim of the study is to specify diagnostic MRI and ultrasound criteria for a sports hernia in order to verify its diagnosis in football players. Patients and methods Materials and methods: The study included 50 professional and amateur football players aged 15 to 34 from 2016 to 2019. The criteria for inclusion in the study were: the presence of groin pain in football players, which prevented them from continuing to actively participate in sports activities. Results Results: The findings of the study revealed that during MRI the two factors, which had the strongest influence, were "increased MR signal intensity on PDfs observed from the structures of the inguinal canal" and "increased MR signal intensity on PDfs observed from bone marrow of superior ramus of the pubic bone". During ultrasound of the inguinal area, the main criterion for a sports hernia diagnosis was "increased size of the inguinal canal". The verification of the diagnosis was carried out on the basis of the presence of a protrusion in the posterior wall of the inguinal canal. For a sports hernia diagnosis the MRI sensitivity is 91.67% (95% CI 77.5 - 98.2), specificity -78.57% (95% CI 49.2 - 95.3) and the sensitivity of ultrasound is 88.89% (95% CI 73.9 - 96.9), the specificity - 50% (95% CI 23.0 - 77). Conclusion Conclusions: The combination of MRI and ultrasound makes it possible to accurately detect the presence of a sports hernia in the football player. Based on the findings of our study, we formulated MRI and ultrasound criteria for a sports hernia diagnosis.

Obesity causes increased morbidity, disability and mortality rates as well as affects the quality of life. Given the known risks to the patient’s health, the International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders pays special attention to the problem of morbid obesity (body mass index ≥ 40 kg/m2), with particular emphasis on super‑obesity (body mass index ≥ 50 kg/m2). Objective is to investigate the role of endoluminal interventions in the preparation of super obese patients with high risk of surgical and anaesthesia‑related complications for bariatric surgery. Materials and methods. From 2011 to 2018, 97 patients with morbid obesity and high risk of surgery and anaesthesia‑related complications (ASA PS III — IV) underwent a course of treatment at the clinical setting of the Department of General Surgery No2 of Bohomolets National Medical University. The treatment was carried out in 2 stages. In the main group (n = 60), the first stage of treatment included the intragastric balloon placement for a term of 6 months. The control group (n = 37) received a six‑month conservative therapy. In the second stage of treatment the patients of both groups underwent a surgical procedure for the morbid obesity management. Results. The outcomes of the first stage of treatment showed that the patients, who underwent the intragastric balloon placement, had statistically significantly (p 0.05). Conclusions. The results of the study provide strong evidence that the intragastric balloon placement for a term of 6 months reduces surgical and anaesthetic risks, contributes to the improved function of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems as well as gives a boost to carbohydrate metabolism, and, therefore, can be suggested for the preparation of super obese patients with high risk of surgical and anaesthesia‑related complications for bariatric surgery.

The aim of the study is to specify diagnostic MRI and ultrasound criteria for a sports hernia in order to verify its diagnosis in football players.Materials and methods: The study included 50 professional and amateur football players aged 15 to 34 from 2016 to 2019. The criteria for inclusion in the study were: the presence of groin pain in football players, which prevented them from continuing to actively participate in sports activities.Results: The findings of the study revealed that during MRI the two factors, which had the strongest influence, were "increased MR signal intensity on PDfs observed from the structures of the inguinal canal" and "increased MR signal intensity on PDfs observed from bone marrow of superior ramus of the pubic bone". During ultrasound of the inguinal area, the main criterion for a sports hernia diagnosis was "increased size of the inguinal canal". The verification of the diagnosis was carried out on the basis of the presence of a protrusion in the posterior wall of the inguinal canal. For a sports hernia diagnosis the MRI sensitivity is 91.67% (95% CI 77.5 - 98.2), specificity -78.57% (95% CI 49.2 - 95.3) and the sensitivity of ultrasound is 88.89% (95% CI 73.9 - 96.9), the specificity - 50% (95% CI 23.0 - 77).Conclusions: The combination of MRI and ultrasound makes it possible to accurately detect the presence of a sports hernia in the football player. Based on the findings of our study, we formulated MRI and ultrasound criteria for a sports hernia diagnosis.

The aim of the study is to compare the mesh implantation and the strength of the mesh fixation to the anterior abdominal wall by modelling the intraperitoneal onlay mesh repair (IPOM) with and without aponeurotic defect closure.Materials and methods: The experimental animals were randomly divided into 2 groups of 6 rabbits. In experimental group IPOM was modelled without hernia defect closure, in control group - with its suturing. The macroscopic assessment of the severity of adhesions, histological examination of the removed "anterior abdominal wall - mesh" complex and strength of the mesh fixation to the anterior abdominal wall were performed on the 90th day.Results: In both groups, the displacement or complete separation of the mesh from the parietal peritoneum was not observed. The extent of adhesion formation in the abdominal cavity and strength of the mesh fixation are comparable in both groups (p0.05). In the experimental group, the mesh was surrounded by scar tissue, mesothelioma lining was not traced. There were also moderate signs of inflammation, which were not seen in the control group.Conclusions: The strength of the mesh fixation to the parietal peritoneum and its implantation into the anterior abdominal wall is comparable with or without aponeurotic defect closure during the experimental modelling of IPOM.

The article contains the results of studying instruments of the domestic market for government securities in Ukraine. Due to the fact that the financial market has become a powerful and efficient source for accumulating temporarily free funds, which will satisfy interests of investors themselves, the state is trying to diversify and improve the list of government securities of Ukraine. The main trends in the development of government borrowing in the domestic market of Ukraine are described, the advantages and disadvantages of the subtypes of government debt obligations are considered. Over the past decades the number of instruments in the government debt market of Ukraine has increased. In particular, these are VAT bonds, domestic government bonds in foreign currency, indexed bonds, hryvnia-denominated and US dollar-denominated treasury bills, war bonds. Despite a rather large list of financial instruments, almost all issues of non-standard debt instruments did not have much success. The main factors affecting the issuance and circulation of government securities in Ukraine are identified. Moreover, the relationship of the state and the NBU in the government securities market is highlighted. Financial bills and discussions of scientists about its legal status are considered in the context of financial instruments. There analyzed foreign experience in implementing government debt relief programs in the USA, Japan, and Canada, in which employers participate to financially support their employees. Positive and negative aspects of their functioning are identified, and conclusions are drawn about the possible consequences and prospects for Ukraine. There substantiated proposals for measures to increase the level of investor interest in government debt instruments in the securities market that concern both legal and economic components of qualitative changes and reforms.

The purpose of this work is to develop an express method of evaluating the coefficient of internal friction and cohesive strength of molding material briquettes. Advantages and disadvantages of modern evaluation methods of internal friction parameters in particulates have been considered, and the need to improve them has been substantiated. An alternative method based on measuring the position of shear planes and the briquette cracking pressure in uniaxial compression strength tests has been proposed. The theoretical justification of the method has been provided, and examples of implementation have been given. The research results may be used in the process of educating students of technical specialties, as well as at research and design organizations.

The search for new highly-effective, fast-acting antidepressant drugs is extremely relevant. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and signaling through its tropomyosin-related tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) receptor, represents one of the most promising therapeutic targets for treating depression. BDNF is a key regulator of neuroplasticity in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex, the dysfunction of which is considered to be the main pathophysiological hallmark of this disorder. BDNF itself has no favorable drug-like properties due to poor pharmacokinetics and possible adverse effects. The design of small, proteolytically stable BDNF mimetics might provide a useful approach for the development of therapeutic agents. Two small molecule BDNF mimetics with antidepressant-like activity have been reported, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone and the dimeric dipeptide mimetic of BDNF loop 4, GSB-106. The article reflects on the current literature on the role of BDNF as a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of depression and on the current advances in the development of small molecules on the base of this neurotrophin as potential antidepressants.

У статті виконано огляд існуючих способів механічної обробки профілів колісних пар без викочування в депо залізниць України. Визначений перспективний напрям відновлення профілю кочення колісних пар.

A wide variety of peptides and their natural ability to self-assemble makes them very promising candidates for the fabrication of solid-state devices based on nano- and mesocrystals. In this work, we demonstrate an approach to form peptide composite layers with gold nanoparticles through in situ reduction of chloroauric acid trihydrate by dipeptide and/or dipeptide/formaldehyde mixture in the presence of potassium carbonate at different ratios of components. Appropriate composition of components for the synthesis of highly stable gold colloidal dispersion with particle size of 34–36 nm in dipeptide/formaldehyde solution is formulated. Infrared spectroscopy results indicate that dipeptide participates in the reduction process, conjugation with gold nanoparticles and the self-assembly in 2D, which accompanied by changing peptide chain conformations. The structure and morphology of the peptide composite solid layers with gold nanoparticles on gold, mica and silica surfaces are characterized by atomic force microscopy. In these experiments, the flat particles, dendrites, chains, mesocrystals and Janus particles are observed depending on the solution composition and the substrate/interface used. The latter aspect is studied on the molecular level using computer simulations of individual peptide chains on gold, mica and silica surfaces.

The aim of the study is to examine in the experiment on the animals the mechanical properties of connective tissue complexes formed in alloplasty area using the intraperitoneal on lay mesh and sublay methodologies with further comparison of them. The experiment has been conducted on 12 rabbits of Russian chinchilla breed. Animals were distributed in the following way: the first group--operated by intraperitoneal on lay mesh methodology (n = 6) through implantation of composite grid Proceed with one-side celullose coating produced by "Ethicon" company. The second group--performed modeling of preperitoneal plastic using two-component composite grid with large-pores Ultrapro produced by "Ethicon" company (n = 6). For the tensometric evaluation of the strength of implant integration into the red wall was used entire area of anterior red wall together with the implanted transplant. According to the deflection diagrams and dynamometer rates defined the maximum burden rates which is equivalent of muscular tissue budge against polymeric matrix. Statistically significant distinctions during 14 days were not detected; however strength during 30 days in the first group was 3 times higher than in the second group. We consider that the methodology of intraperitoneal on lay mesh can be considered as operation of choice of surgery treatment of the umbilical hernias.

Experience of laparoscopic gastric shunting application in accordance to the Fobi - Capello procedure in 15 patients, suffering morbid obesity (MO), was adduced. The surgical intervention technique was adduced, first results were analyzed, which are witnessing the effective lowering of the excessive body mass while followup to 6 mo postoperatively.

The experience of surgical treatment of 10 patients with external intestinal fistulae was analyzed. The plot of the operation was to exlude the duodenum from the digestion by performing the retrocolic gastroenteroanastomosis after Roux or on the ultrashort loop. Early operation prevent septic complications and electrolyte disbalance. Duodenal fistulae, developed on the background of pancreonecrosis or after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography, necessitate the external choledochial drainage.

The results of surgical treatment of 105 patients, suffering alimentary-constitutional obesity, using intragastric balloon placement. operative procedures of regulated gastric banding, longitudinal gastric resection, gastric and biliopancreatic shunting, were analyzed. The changes dynamics in the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism indices was estimated. Algorithm of the obesity surgical treatment, depending on the body mass index and concomitant diseases presence, was elaborated.

Chromoesophagoscopy and photodynamic diagnosis are objective methods for diagnostic Barrett disease. Those methods can give us more detailed information about morphological changes in mucosa of esophagus.

In the ulcer pyloroduodenal stenosis the stages of complete and noncomplete decompensation are suggested. In 73% of observations, while performing an adequate preoperative preparation it was possible to convert pyloroduodenal stenosis from the stage of complete decompensation into the stage of noncomplete decompensation, in which the performance of organpreserving operation is possible. In the patients, suffering pyloroduodenal stenosis in the stage of noncomlete decompensation, resection of 2/3 of stomach is performed.

Thymus and spleen structural changes of progeny of experimental animals after single exposure to 100-150 mg/l kg of bacterial pyrogenal lipopolysaccharide on 11th, 14 and 18th days of pregnancy were studied in the experiment performed on 60 female outbred albino rats and 205 rats--pups aged 20- and 45 days. Relative thymus and spleen masses were defined, their morphofunctional state was assessed morphometrically. To reveal the pecularities of the immune system reaction to foreign antigens in progeny, one part of control and experimental rats were subjected to immunization with ram erythrocytes (T-dependent antigen) and another one--with pyrogenal (T-independent antigen). Prenatal pyrogenal effect retarded thymus and spleen formation. Normalization of their structure and compensation of the effect were incomplete and occurred by 45th day of postnatal development. Most expressed changes were observed in the progeny of the rats treated with pyrogenal on 14th day of pregnancy: sharp decrease of the population density of lymphoid cells occurred in the thymus while lymphoid nodules disappeared in the spleen in response to immune challenge.