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The issue of legislative regulation of labor relations in Russia of the XIII-XVIII centuries is considered. The analysis of the Russian law monuments (Russkaya Pravda, Pskov Judgment Letter of 1497, Sudebnik Ivan III of 1497, Sudebnik Ivan IV of 1550, the Cathedral Code of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich of 1649, imperial and senate decrees of the XVIII century, legal acts of Peter I for the study of the social policy of the Russian state in the XIII-XVIII centuries. The regulatory documents of the selected period are analyzed from the point of view of the relationship between the provisions of these documents that defined labor relations and the general trends in the development of the country in order to describe the general course of development of labor legislation during this period and demonstrate its connection with the development of serfdom, the needs of the state, as well as to show the limitations of regulation that caused social unrest in the future. The place and role of legislative acts in the general system of socio-political life of the country is determined. Their significance and influence on the social policy of the state are studied. The vector of development of the state through the prism of regulation of labor relations is highlighted. Among the analyzed normative legal acts, a case was highlighted when the law first stood up for the protection of an employee, but it was difficult to develop these positive trends in the conditions of the emerging policy of enslavement of peasants. The state did not try to comprehensively regulate the issues of labor relations, thereby provoking social discontent and unrest. The analysis of sources demonstrates the insufficiency of representation of the interests of the employee in the labor legislation, with the exception of a range of jobs that are especially important for the state.

BACKGROUND. There is enough evidence of the negative impact of excess weight on the formation and progression of res piratory pathology. Given the continuing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, it is relevant to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the clinical features of the novel coronavirus infection (NCI).AIM. To study the effect of BMI on the course of the acute SARS-COV-2 infection and the post-covid period.MATERIALS AND METHODS. AKTIV and AKTIV 2 are multicenter non-interventional real-world registers. The АКТИВ registry (n=6396) includes non-overlapping outpatient and inpatient arms with 6 visits in each. The АКТИВ 2 registry (n=2968) collected the data of hospitalized patients and included 3 visits. All subjects were divided into 3 groups: not overweight (n=2139), overweight (n=2931) and obese (n=2666).RESULTS. A higher BMI was significantly associated with a more severe course of the infection in the form of acute kidney injury (p=0.018), cytokine storm (pCONCLUSION. Overweight and/or obesity is a significant risk factor for severe course of the new coronavirus infection and the associated cardiovascular and kidney damage Overweight people and patients with the 1st and 2nd degree obesity tend to have a high risk of death of SARS-CoV-2 infection in both acute and post-covid periods. On top of that, in case of morbid obesity patients this tendency is statistically significant. Normalization of body weight is a strategic objective of modern medicine and can contribute to prevention of respiratory conditions, severe course and complications of the new coronavirus infection.

Introduction. Today, due to the insufficient diagnostic accuracy of existing tools for determining clinically significant forms of prostate cancer, the search for new indicators that predict the course of the disease and the effectiveness of radical treatment is relevant. Various malignant tumors could increase glucose consumption and grow under hypoxic conditions. It seems promising to assess the expression level of glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) in prostate adenocarcinoma cells of different malignancy score.Objective. To determine CAIX and GLUT1 expression in ISUP grades 1-5 prostate adenocarcinoma cells for evaluation of the disease prognosis and radical prostatectomy effectiveness.Materials and methods. Immunohistochemical study of postoperative material after radical prostatectomy with determination of GLUT1 and CAIX expression by tumor cells was carried out. The presence or absence of biochemical recurrence within one year after surgery was determined. The correlation between the level of expression, the presence of biochemical relapse and a few other clinical parameters was determined.Results. GLUT1 expression level statistically significant correlated with ISUP 4 and 5 (r = 0.457, p < 0.0001), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level (r = 0.378, p < 0.0001), pT3b disease stage (r = 0.380, p < 0.0001), extracapsular extension (r = 0.355, p = 0.001), and inversely correlated with ISUP 1 (r = -0.274, p = 0.009). CAIX immunoexpression was observed in 10.0% of samples and the intensity was low (< 20% of cells).Conclusion. Elevated expression of glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) by prostate adenocarcinoma cells among patients after radical prostatectomy is associated with high grade of malignancy (ISUP 4 and 5), pT3b disease stage, extracapsular extension of the tumor, as well as high PSA, which allows using it for the prognosis evaluation.

The method for determining the concentrations of the main functional groups in rigid polyisocyanurate (PIR) foams was developed using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. On the example of a series of rigid PIR foams of isocyanate indexes (II) from 150 to 400, the contents of isocyanate, allophanate and isocyanurate groups was determined. It has been shown that a significant amount of isocyanate groups is accumulated in PIR foams in the form of allophanate, without passing into the target product – isocyanurate; the bulk of the urethane groups is converted to allophanate at high isocyanate indexes. With an increase in the isocyanate index, the conversion degree of isocyanate to isocyanurate decreases and when a certain isocyanate index is attained, reaches the limiting value.

Introduction. Breast cancer (BC) incidence is on the top positions among women cancer diseases. Medical care (MC) organization improvement to BC patients - an important problem of healthcare management. Research purpose. To estimate the results of routing patients with suspected BC. Methods. A cohort study conducted at the St. Petersburg Medical Information and Analytical Center from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019. Analysis the data on 14 629 BC suspected women, accumulated in the automatic accounting system “City register of routing maps” (AAS CRRM), considering the age and diagnostic timing. Results. Interquartile range of patients waiting time to receive a level 1 oncologist consultation decreased from 1-8 to 1-3 days (p = 0.0000). In 2017-2019 yr. Patients with suspected BC were to wait 8 days to receive a level 2 oncologist consultation (p = 0.1629). Clinical diagnosis in suspected BC cases in St. Petersburg in 2017-2019 yr. was confirmed in 21 days (p = 0.5141). Limitations. Cohort nature of the study. Conclusion. The AAS CRRM use in BC suspected women allows better control MC providing and the timing of diagnosis of BC at all levels of medical care provision.

Background: Diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy is a serious disabling complication of diabetes mellitus, which, in the absence of timely correct treatment, can lead to high amputations of the affected limb. At present, the reasons and mechanism of the development of Charcot’s foot are not completely clear. It is extremely important to determine the pathophysiological mechanisms of DNOAP formation and to search for reliable markers-predictors of this pathology.Aim: To study the immunohistochemical characteristics of the bone tissue of the lower extremities in patients with diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy in comparison with patients with diabetes mellitus without this pathology.Materials and methods: During the foot surgery, a bone fragment of the foot was harvested for immunohistochemical study of receptor markers for PINP, PIIINP, and RAGE in the group of patients with DNOAP compared with the control group.Results: The study included 20 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and were divided into 2 groups: 10 patients with DNOAP made up group 1, 10 patients without DNOAP — group 2.Patients in both groups were comparable in AGE, experience with type 2 diabetes, and glycemic control.During the immunohistochemical study, a significant increase in the staining intensity of receptor markers for PINP, PIIINP, and AGE was recorded in the group of patients with DNOAP compared with the control group (p Conclusion: For the first time, an immunohistochemical study of markers of bone resorption and AGE was carried out in persons with DNOAP. The results obtained indicate impaired collagen formation and, as a consequence, impaired bone formation and bone resorption in patients with DNOAP: in group 1, a statistically significant increase in the expression of PINP, PIIINP, and RAGE was revealed.

The subject of the study is the possibility, feasibility and admissibility of the concept of discrediting speech strategy in the process of carrying out the activities of experts and specialists in the field of forensic linguistic expertise. The relevance of the analysis is due to the existence of a tendency to introduce the concepts of discrediting and the discrediting speech strategy into the norms of the current legislation and (or) the practice of forensic linguistic expertise. In the course of the study, significant features of this speech strategy were identified, and judgment about the relevance of both the concept of a discrediting speech strategy in general and its main tactics for solving a limited range of expert tasks related to identifying signs of humiliation of honor and dig-nity, defamation of business reputation of physical person and (or) legal person, insulting and slander were made and justified (only in cases, when in the disputed text negative information, ex-pressed in the form of an assertion (verifiable) in relation to these persons was identified). An ex-ample of an incorrect appeal to the conceptual framework of the discrediting speech strategy in forensic research conducted for the case of protecting the business reputation of a legal entity was analyzed in detail. Based on the results of the study described in the article, restrictions arising from the nature of forensic activities in the use of the concept of discrediting speech strategy, which are not typical for research activities, were established.

The subject of the study is standard expert tasks subject to solving in linguistic and complex psychological and linguistic forensic enquiries with regard to cases on the charge of speech act of crimes or speech delicts related to the concept of use of Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The relevance of the analysis resulted from the status of the corresponding criminal and administrative statutory regulations being innovations and from the fact that currently the practices of both commissioning of expert evidence and performance of expert examinations with regard to such cases are in course of development. In the course of the study, the expert tasks related to the sphere of the linguistic and psychological special conusance, stemming from the essential properties and characteristics of law cases pertaining to the denoted category, corresponding to the general task of forensic enquiries stated by article 2 of the “Act on state forensic activities in the Russian Federation” and reflecting developing administration of law were elicited, series of thoughts about possible procedures of solution of the expert tasks were expressed and proved. Based on the results of the study described in the article, the list of the standard expert tasks for the law cases pertaining to the denoted category is suggested.

Ethylene/propylene (E/P) and ethylene/propylene/5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (E/P/ENB) copolymers were obtained on rac-Et(2-MeInd)2ZrMe2 activated by a number of isobutylaluminium aryloxides: (2,6-tBu2PhO-)AliBu2 (1-DTBP) (2,6-tBu2,4-Me-PhO-)AliBu2 (1-BHT), (2,4,6-tBu2PhO-)AliBu2 (1-TTBP), (2,6-tBu2,4-Me-PhO-)2AliBu (2-BHT), (2,6-tBu2PhO-)2AliBu (2-DTBP), [(2-Me,6-tBu-C6H3O)AliBu2]2 (1-MTBP), [(2,6-Ph2-PhO)AliBu2]2 (1-DPP). This study shows how the structure of an activator influences catalytic activity and polymer properties, such as the copolymer composition, molecular weight characteristics, and thermophysical and mechanical properties. It has been shown that both the introduction of a bulky substituent in the para-position of the aryloxy group and the additional aryloxy group in the structure of an activator lead to a significant decrease in activity of the catalytic system in all studied copolymerization processes. Moreover, activation by bulkier aryloxides leads to lower levels of comonomer insertion and gives rise to higher molecular weight polymers. Broad or multiple endothermic peaks with different values of melting points are observed on the DSC curves of the copolymers obtained with different catalytic systems. The DSC of the thermally fractionated samples makes it possible to reveal the heterogeneity of the copolymer microstructure, which manifests itself in the presence of a set of lamellar crystallites of different thickness. The results also present the mechanical properties of the copolymers, such as the tensile strength (σ), elongation at break (ε), and engineering strain (EL). The synthesized E/P and E/P/ENB copolymers contain about 1–4 wt.% of the sterically hindered phenols obtained in situ as a residue of the hydrolyzed activators in the course of reaction quenching. This determines the increased thermooxidative stability of the copolymers.

Microstructural mechanisms reducing the impact strength values of a coarse grained heat-affected zone are studied for two K60 microalloyed steels. Research is conducted on specimens subjected to simulation of a heat-affected zone. The microstructure and fracture surface are studied using scanning electron microscopy and backscattered electron diffraction. It is shown that titanium nitride inclusions have the greatest influence on impact strength of the heat-affected zone whose cleavage within large bainite packages may cause macro-brittle specimen fracture. The risk of such non-metallic inclusions depends on the their structural features. In particular, presence of aluminum oxide and calcium sulfide blocking contact of the ferritic matrix with nitride leads to an increase in cleavage stress and hinders macroscopic brittle fracture in the early stages of impact bending.

Research goal: identification of the risk of oncogenesis in the liver under the influence of 2 promoter factors – partial hepatectomy (PHE) performed against the background of superinvasive opisthorchiasis (SO) in Syrian hamsters. Material and methods. SO was modeled by infecting animals (n = 86) with 50 metacercariae of O. felineus. Superinvasions (50 metacercariae) were repeated 6 and 16 days after primary infection. PHE – removal of the middle lobe of the liver – 17.3-17.7% of the organ weight was performed according to the method of G. M. Higgins, K. M. Andersson 16 days after the last superinvasion. The quantitative assessment of the regenerative process after PHE was determined by the coefficients of regeneration completeness (%) by the formula Кпрп = (М1 – М2) / М3 × 100. The histological specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and by the methods of Van Gieson, Slinchenko, Samsonov, Kupriyanov. IHC–reactions were carried out with antibodies to Ki–67, CD31, CD34, CD117, Oct 4, and α–fetoprotein. Electron microscopic analysis was performed on a “JEM – 100CX” microscope (JEOL, Ltd., Japan). The quantitative characteristics were processed using the statistical software Microsoft Excel (2019) and the Statistica package (version 12.6). Results. Analysis of the obtained data indicates that by the 16th day after PHE, 3 zones have formed in the liver: zone A – the stump, zone B – is adjacent to the wound zone A, zone C – is adjacent to zone B. By the 16th day after PHE, expressed proliferation processes of the CD31, CD34, Oct 4, CD117–positive cells and differentiation into endothelial cells, cholangiocytes, hepatocytes with the formation of vessels are noted. At a later date of the experiment, hepatocyte fields with the presence of α–fetoprotein in the cytoplasm, cholangiocellular tubules were formed; at a later date (23 days), ducts lined with a cylindrical epithelium of normal structure were identified. The epithelial lining of the preexisting ducts is multi–row by the end of the experiment; no tumors were found in the liver in the experimental group. An increase in liver mass was noted in the control group (SO) by 8.2%, in the experimental group – 24.7%. Conclusion. The liver with partial hepatectomy against the background of superinvasive opisthorchiasis is an organ with permanent proliferation of CCD and HCD cells, hyperregeneration and a significant increase in mass. In the presence of 2 promoters without initiators, the risk of carcinogenesis does not increase.

Yu.E. Dobrokhotova1,E.I. Borovkova1, A.M. Arutyunyan1, S.Zh. Danelyan2, E.M. Malysheva2, N.V. Zharkov2,3, T.N. Aksenova2 1 Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation 2City Clinical Hospital No. 40, Moscow, Russian Federation 3 I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation Aim: to study placental vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in women receiving chemotherapy. Patients and Methods: placental structure was examined in 57 pregnant women aged 22–38 years who were subdivided into 3 groups, i.e., women with malignancies receiving or not receiving chemotherapy and healthy controls. The slices of the central part of placentas collected after childbirth were examined. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed after standard histology. IHC intensity was assessed for CD31 and CD34. In addition to IHC intensity, the number of positive cells per field of view was calculated for VEGF, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2. Mean counts of positive cells separately for epithelial and stromal cells were calculated for eNOS. Results: in the control group, the maturity of the placental villous tree matched the gestational age. Meanwhile, in 100% of pregnant women with malignancies receiving chemotherapy and in 46.8% of pregnant women with malignancies not receiving chemot herapy, the maturity of the placental villous tree was 2–4 weeks behind the gestational age. IHC revealed no significant differences in the placental concentrations of CD31, CD39, eNOS, VEGF, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2 between women with malignancies not receiving chemotherapy and the controls. In women receiving chemotherapy, IHC intensity and the number of positive cells were twice as high as in the control group. The activity of VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 was 11 times higher and 1.4 times higher, respectively, than in the control group. The mean number of cells expressing VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 per field of view increased by 1.5 times and 1.7 times, respectively. In addition, 1.6-fold reduction in CD31 level and 1.3-fold reduction in CD34 level as well as 1.4-fold increase in epithelial еNOS level and 1.3-fold increase in stromal eNOS level were revealed. Conclusions: our findings on IHC distribution of the expression of VEGF and its recep-tors in the placental tissue of pregnant women undergoing cytostatic chemotherapy in part illus-trate the processes of the compensation and impaired functioning of the mother-placenta-fetus system in pre-placental hypoxia. Keywords: angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, vascular growth factor, chemotherapy, hypoxia, placental insufficiency. For citation:Yu.E. Dobrokhotova,Borovkova E.I., Arutyunyan A.M., Danelyan S.Zh. et al. Placental vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in women undergoing chemotherapy. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2021;4(1):23–30. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2021-4-1-23-30.

This communication, based on satellite data and the results of visual observations, considers the main features of the activity of Chirinkotan and Sarychev Peak volcanoes in 2021. In the period from August 8 to 23, 2021, a moderate explosive eruption of Chirinkotan volcano took place. During this time, 11 volcanic explosions were recorded at an altitude of 1.5 to 4.5 km a.s.l. The parameters of the 2021 eruption were similar to previous eruptions in 2013–2015, 2016, 2017. At Sarychev Peak volcano on June 29, July 1, August 6 and November 26 of 2021 single relatively weak ejections to an altitude of about 2.2–3 km a.s.l. were recorded. Current activity of the volcano is associated with a recent effusive eruption that has taken place from December 2020 to February 2021, in which result a crater and mouth of the volcano turned out to be sealed with lava.

A simulated coarse-grained heat affected zone microstructure formation mechanism is established in high strength low alloy steels using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The governing effect of dispersion and ratios between different types of ferritic structural constituents on variation in impact strength is demonstrated. It is assumed from results of simulating a heat affected zone coarse-grained area that a reduction in welding energy input leads to a shift in ductile-brittle transition temperature towards a lower temperature.

Purpose. To study placental angiogenesis in pregnant women with preeclampsia (PE), based on a comparison of the results of a clinical examination and a morphometric study of sequins with this pathology. Material and methods. In the present work, we studied 30 pregnant women with PE, whose average age was 29 ± 1.4 years. The pregnant women were divided into two groups. Group I (n = 21) consisted of pregnant women with PE, among whom 10 patients were within 34 weeks of gestation, and 11 – at 34–39 weeks. Group II (n = 9) – control group, with physiological pregnancy. The inclusion criteria were: singleton pregnancy, the presence of preeclampsia according to the ICD-10 classification, the patient's voluntary informed consent to the study. Exclusion criteria: extragenital pathology, multiple births, congenital malformations of the fetus. There were no significant differences in somatic and gynecological status among pregnant women in the surveyed groups. Results. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors, VEGF R1 and VEGF R2, are of priority importance in the development of placental angiogenesis. The balance of interaction between VEGF and R1 and R2 receptors leads to adequate vascularization of the villi in the early stages of trophoblast invasion into the spiral arteries of the uterus. Conclusion. As a result of the morphological study, it can be assumed that hemodynamic parameters according to Doppler and angioarchitectonics of the placentas are an important factor in the pathogenesis of placental insufficiency and fetal growth retardation. In the absence of disturbances in uteroplacental-fetal hemodynamics, endothelial dysfunction should be considered as compensated, in which favorable perinatal outcomes are expected. Structural changes in the fetoplacental complex with impaired blood flow in the uterine arteries and umbilical cord arteries in PE are regarded as subcompensated and decompensated forms of placental insufficiency

The 5-year survival rates for women with breast cancer are steadily increasing. The number of cases of mastectomy for breast cancer is not reduced annually. In this regard, the analysis of epidemiological data on the observations of breast cancer in women in Russia seems to be an urgent activity in terms of predicting measures to optimize the volume of the recovery component of providing medical care to patients who have undergone mastectomy. It was established that in2017 in St. Petersburg the incidence rate of breast cancer reached 60,1100/. The parameter of the prevalence of malignant0000neoplasms of the mammary glands for the analyzed period exceeds the similar all-Russian by 19,3%. The frequency of casesof active detection of breast cancer in 2011-2018. increased 7,2 times. In the same period, the number of working-age urbanwomen diagnosed with breast cancer increased by 16,6%. The proportion of cases of verification of breast cancer of the I - IIstage of the tumor process in 2011-2018 increased by 1,2 times, reaching 72,2% in 2018. From 2011 to 2018, the growth of5-year survival of patients with breast cancer in St. Petersburg reached 4,9%, amounting to 63,4 in 2018% The parameterof annual mortality in breast cancer in 2011-2018 decreased by 30,6%. The performance indicators of the St. PetersburgOncology Service for the treatment of patients with breast cancer are comparable with similar parameters in Moscow clinicsand medical organizations in Russia as a whole. The increase in potential needs for prosthetics of the mammary glands dueto the increase in the number of patients with cancer who underwent mastectomy, in the future will necessitate the expansionof the high-tech types of medical care provided to patients suffering from malignant neoplasms of the mammary glands.

The way of small aircraft strapdown inertial navigation system transfer alignment based on information from the carrier navigation system is considered. Optimal Kalman filter was selected as the main mathematical technique for the proposed method implementation, which showed acceptable accuracy and convergence time in the set task conditions. The main features of SINS transfer alignment algorithm and the results of its operation at complex trajectory simulation are presented.

Original data on the isotope and chemical compositions of mineral springs, cold ground and surface waters, as well as hydrogenic deposits of the Antonovsky manifestation of hydrosulfuric mineral waters (the coast of the Tatar Strait, Sakhalin Island), are presented. The data on the contents of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in ground and surface waters, as well as the volumetric activity of radon and rare-earth elements are obtained for the first time. Based on automatic monitoring of the physical parameters of the mineral water, its hydrogeological characteristics are determined and balneological properties are assessed. It is found that the mineral waters of the spring are weakly alkaline, hydrocarbonic–chloride calcium–sodium with total dissolved solids (TDS) of up to 1 g/L. According to the isotope data, the genesis of the waters is atmospheric and the circulation time is less than 60 years. The gas composition is dominated by nitrogen of atmospheric genesis (δ15N = 0.0). High contents of organic carbon (Corg = 56.6 mg/L) are explained by the processes of interaction between groundwater and organic matter in water-bearing rocks. When organic matter is decomposed in the presence of sulfates and without access to oxygen, hydrosulfuric acid is released, producing several intermediate and stable sulfur compounds in hydrogenic sediments and bacterial mats. Elemental, sulfide, and sulfate forms of sulfur have been detected in the bottom sediments and in the new formations of the mineral spring, using electron microscopy. The interaction of waters with organic matter of rocks plays a significant role in the formation of the elemental composition of hydrogenic and biogenic deposits of the Antonovsky hydrosulfuric mineral spring and their enrichment with such metals as Zn, Ge, As, Sr, Ba, U, and Th. One characteristic feature of the mineral waters is the presence of a markedly pronounced positive europium anomaly, which is typical of waters with low Eh values.

Radiation exposure to the chest organs used in the complex treatment of neoplasms is often accompanied by the development of radiation pneumonitis, fibrosis and respiratory failure.The aim of the study was to evaluate oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in radio-induced lung damage and possibility of their correction with a pulmonary surfactant preparation.Material and methods. Lung tissue samples of 82 male Wistar rats were investigated in the study. Single local irradiation of animals was performed with the X-ray RUM-17 unit at a dose 12 Gy. The quantitative content and fractional composition of phospholipids of pulmonary surfactant were determined in the study. Oxidative stress was detected using Raman spectroscopy, endothelial dysfunction was detected immunohistochemically.Results. Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction were registered starting from the first day of the experiment, and manifested by an increased content of free radicals and a decrease in endothelial function indices supported by precise spectroscopic, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic methods. With application of Surfactant-BL preparation oxidative stress manifestations were eliminated to the beginning of the intermediate stage of the experiment, and were preserved without correction until its completion.Conclusions. Three-fold intratracheal administration of a pulmonary surfactant preparation implements an antioxidant, immunomodulatory and compensating effect attenuating the alterative effect of oxidative stress and its initiating impact on the development of endothelial dysfunction. Native surfactant having a pronounced effect on all components of the lung tissue including alveolocytes of the first and second types and endothelial cells of the capillaries of the lung results in the correction of endothelial dysfunction.

The structure and software of a complex navigation system for an unmanned apparatus are presented. It includes a platformless inertial navigation system, receivers of the satellite navigation system, and a computer vision system. An approach to the construction of an algorithm to exclude failures is proposed. Simulation results are provided.

Original data on the isotopic and chemical composition of mineral waters, cold ground and surface waters, as well as hydrogenic deposits of the Antonovsky manifestation of hydrogen sulfide mineral waters (the coast of the Tatar Strait, Sakhalin Island) are provided in the article. For the first time, data on the content of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in groundwaters and surface waters, the volumetric activity of radon and the rare-earth elements as well were obtained. Based on automatic monitoring of the physical parameters of the waters, their hydrogeological characteristics were determined and balneological properties were assessed. It has been determined that the mineral waters of the spring are weakly alkaline, hydrocarbonate-chloride calcium-sodium, with TDS of up to 1 g/l. According to isotope data, the genesis of waters is atmospheric, and the circulation time is less than 60 years. The gas composition is dominated by nitrogen of atmospheric genesis (δ15N = 0.0). High contents of organic carbon (Corg. = 56.6 mg/l) are explained by the processes of interaction of groundwaters with organic matter of water-bearing rocks. When organic matter decomposes in the presence of sulfates and without oxygen, hydrogen sulfide is released, giving rise to a number of intermediate and stable sulfur compounds in hydrogenic sediments and bacterial mats. Elemental, sulfide and sulfate forms of sulfur have been determined in the bottom sediments as well as new formations of the mineral spring, using electron microscopy. The interaction of waters with organic matter of rocks plays a significant role in the formation of the elemental composition of hydrogenic and biogenic deposits of the Antonovsky hydrogen sulphide mineral spring and their enrichment with such metals as Zn, Ge, As, Sr, Ba, U, and Th as well. A characteristic feature of mineral waters is the presence of a pronounced positive europium anomaly, which is typical for waters with low Eh values.

In the post-Soviet space, Ukraine has seen intensive development of private solar generation, which is facilitated by the “green” tariff legally introduced in the country on June 2015, which allows small private power plants with a capacity of up to 30 kW not only to consume energy for their needs, but also to sell surplus to the centralized network. In the country there is a well-defined algorithm for the relationship between the object of solar generation and the energy supplying organization. The three solar power plants of small capacity that are located in private households in the city of Melitopol’ is the striking example of this interaction. The analysis of the structure of these power plants, the orientation of the photovoltaic panels and their operation allows us to say that the electrotechnical generating equipment of these plants is effectively operated yearround. In the warm season, the consumed electric energy is enough to supply household and communal needs, and sell the surplus into the grid at the “green” tariff. In the cold season, at not all of these private power plants are the surplusses of the energy supplying organizations sold, since most of the electricity they generate is spent on heating the premises and supplying hot water. Today the possibility of increasing the power generation by photovoltaic modules within the framework of the quotas permitted by the “green” law is being considered.

To investigate the clinical and morphological features of SARS-CoV-2-related myocarditis, by determining the presence of viral RNA and proteins in myocardial tissue.The study was conducted to examine the material of 32 autopsies with a confirmed diagnosis of myocarditis. There were data of a morphological study, including a standard histological study, as well as immunohistochemical determination of the surface markers CD45, CD3, CD20, and CD68 cells of an inflammatory infiltrate and virus proteins (SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein and spike protein). Positive and negative control tests were carried out. In addition, coronavirus RNA was detected in the myocardium using a polymerase chain reaction.Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed viral RNA in myocardial tissue. Viral proteins were identified in the macrophages of an inflammatory infiltrate and cardiomyocytes.The findings may suggest that the virus persists in the myocardium and chronic myocarditis develops.Изучить клинико-морфологические особенности SARS-CoV-2-ассоциированного миокардита с определением наличия РНК и белков вируса в ткани миокарда.Исследование проведено на материале 32 аутопсий с подтвержденным диагнозом миокардита. Представлены данные морфологического исследования, включающего стандартное гистологическое исследование, а также иммуногистохимическое определение поверхностных маркеров CD45-, CD3-, CD20-, CD68-клеток воспалительного инфильтрата и белков вируса (белка нуклеокапсида и spike-белка SARS-CoV-2). Ставились положительные и отрицательные контрольные реакции. Кроме того, проводилась детекция РНК коронавируса в миокарде с помощью полимеразной цепной реакции.При проведении исследования РНК SARS-CoV-2 обнаружена в ткани миокарда. Белки вируса идентифицированы в макрофагах воспалительного инфильтрата и кардиомиоцитах.Полученные результаты позволяют говорить о персистенции вируса в миокарде и развитии хронического миокардита.

The authors analyze the immediate results of 8 simultaneous operations, 4 of these under conditions of artificial circulation, in patients with renal cell carcinoma concomitant with heart diseases. The immediate results were satisfactory, with good functional parameters. Due to simultaneous operations the incidence of intra- and postoperative cardiovascular complications is reduced, the progress of the tumor process between different stages of treatment is arrested, early radical interventions for tumor removal becomes possible, and the hospitalization period is shorter in comparison with staged operations.

A morphological and immunohistochemical study of 24 gums biopsies was conducted in 19 patients aged 35-60 years with a diagnosis of partial secondary edentulous, chronic generalized periodontitis of moderate and severe degree (14 patients), and also without pathological changes in the periodontal disease (5 patients), who underwent dental implantation. Immunohistochemical reactions with antibodies to Ki-67, VEGF, SMA were performed on serial paraffin sections. It has been established that chronic periodontitis is characterized by a higher proliferative activity of the epithelium, which reflects its hyperplastic changes, as well as a lower content of SMA positive cells and the practical absence of the formation of privascular couplings from SMA-positive cells that are associated in tissues with growth zones, which indirectly indicates reduced tissue regenerative capacity. Therefore, in the case of the operation of dental implantation requires additional treatment aimed at anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative effects.

Objective to identify structural, immunohistochemical and molecular features of placentas and placental sites afterin vitro fertilization (IVF) with donor eggs (surrogate motherhood). Study design morphological and immunohistochemical studies were performed on placental material obtained after delivery by caesarean section. The study included 26 women patients whose pregnancy resulted from IVF with a donor egg (IVF-SM group). The comparison group included 13 women patients whose pregnancy occurred after IVF with their own eggs (IVF-OE). Immunohistochemistry of biopsy material was performed using mouse antibodies to total cytokeratin (clone AE1/AE3) and murine antibodies to HLA-DR (clone TAL.1B5). Molecular studies were performed on DNA samples isolated from venous blood. HLA-DNA-TEH reagent kits and polymerase chain reaction were used for genotyping the main human histocompatibility complex class II (DQA1, DQB1 and DRB1). Results Histological examination of placenta in IVF-SM group showed a high incidence of central ischemic infarctions (69% of cases), dissociated cotyledon development (61%), pathological villus immaturity (46%) and massive perivillous fibrin deposition (73%). This group also had a pronounced lymphoplasmacytic deciduitis, which was 2 times higher than in the control group, and an expressed inflammatory process in the placental sites. Remodeling of the spiral arteries was incomplete in more than 40% of cases, and 30% of spiral arteries had no gestational changes. In comparison group, a complete gestational adjustment was found in more than 90% of spiral arteries. A focal lymphohistiocytic infiltration in perivascular regions, and a decrease in the number of multinucleated cells as compared with the control were also observed. For seven female surrogate mothers and their children, allelic polymorphisms of genes of HLA II class were studied. Conclusion Placental material of women from IVF-SM group is characterized by complex immune response in sites of tight contact between maternal and fetal tissues. The immune pathogenesis is associated with an increase in the number of HLA-DR positive cells, defects in remodeling of the spiral arteries, development of areas of chronic inflammation in perivascular regions, and a decrease in the number of multinucleated cells. Genetic incompatibility between alleles of HLA II genes can be a molecular predictor of impaired immune tolerance.

Case report of unusual treatment with tissue-engineering tracheal transplantation in-patient. There is no sign of tumor progression during 1,5 year after surgical treatment.

One of the tasks of anticancer photodynamic therapy is increasing the efficacy of treatment of cancer nodes with large (clinically relevant) sizes using near-infrared photosensitizers (PS). We study the photodynamic action against A549 human lung cancer cells using PS based on polycationic derivatives of synthetic bacteriochlorin.The efficacy and mechanisms of the photodynamic action of PS based on polycationic derivatives of synthetic bacteriochlorin against A549 lung cancer cells were studied in vitro using immunocytochemical and morphological methods.It was found that PS based on tetracationic and octacationic derivatives of synthetic bacteriochlorin induce necrosis, apoptosis, decreasing of proliferative and mitotic activity, as well as reducing the number of ALDH1-positive cancer cells with signs of stem cells in A549 human lung cancer cell culture. The ICPhotosensitizers based on polycationic derivatives of synthetic bacteriochlorin have high phototoxicity against A549 cancer cells caused by the induction of necrosis and apoptosis of cancer cells, including cells with signs of stemness, and a sharp decrease of mitotic and proliferative activity.

Study the impact of various combinations of comorbid original diseases in patients infected with COVID-19 later on the disease progression and outcomes of the new coronavirus infection.The ACTIV registry was created on the Eurasian Association of Therapists initiative. 5,808 patients have been included in the registry: men and women with COVID-19 treated at hospital or at home.gov ID NCT04492384.Most patients with COVID-19 have original comorbid diseases (oCDs). Polymorbidity assessed by way of simple counting of oCDs is an independent factor in negative outcomes of COVID-19. Search for most frequent combinations of 2, 3 and 4 oCDs has revealed absolute domination of cardiovascular diseases (all possible variants). The most unfavorable combination of 2 oCDs includes atrial hypertension (AH) and chronic heart failure (CHF). The most unfavorable combination of 3 oCDs includes AH, coronary heart disease (CHD) and CHF; the worst combination of 4 oCDs includes AH, CHD, CHF and diabetes mellitus. Such combinations increased the risk of lethal outcomes 3.963, 4.082 and 4.215 times respectively.Polymorbidity determined by way of simple counting of diseases may be estimated as a factor in the lethal outcome risk in the acute phase of COVID-19 in real practice. Most frequent combinations of 2, 3 and 4 diseases in patients with COVID-19 primarily include cardiovascular diseases (AH, CHD and CHF), diabetes mellitus and obesity. Combinations of such diseases increase the COVID-19 lethal outcome risk.Цель. Изучить влияние различных комбинаций сопутствующих заболеваний, существовавших у пациентов исходно, до инфицирования вирусом SARS-CoV-2, на тяжесть течения и исходы новой коронавирусной инфекции. Материалы и методы. Регистр АКТИВ создан по инициативе Евразийской ассоциации терапевтов. В регистр включены 5808 пациентов: мужчины и женщины с диагнозом COVID-19, находящиеся на лечении в стационаре или получающие лечение на дому. Регистрация регистра: идентификатор ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04492384. Результаты. Подавляющее большинство пациентов с COVID-19 имеют исходные сопутствующие заболевания (иСЗ). Полиморбидность, оцененная методом простого подсчета иСЗ, является самостоятельным фактором негативного прогноза больных COVID-19. Поиск наиболее часто встречающихся комбинаций из 2, 3, 4 и более СЗ выявил абсолютное доминирование сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний во всех возможных вариантах. Наиболее неблагоприятной при сочетании 2 иСЗ была комбинация, включающая артериальную гипертензию (АГ) и хроническую сердечную недостаточность (ХСН), при сочетании 3 иСЗ комбинация, включающая АГ, ишемическую болезнь сердца (ИБС), ХСН, и при сочетании 4 иСЗ комбинация, включающая АГ, ИБС, ХСН и сахарный диабет. Наличие таких комбинаций приводило к росту риска летального исхода в 3,963, 4,082, 4,215 раза соответственно. Заключение. Полиморбидность, определенная методом простого подсчета заболеваний, может использоваться в реальной практике как фактор риска летальности в остром периоде COVID-19. В состав наиболее часто встречающихся комбинаций из 2, 3, 4 заболеваний у пациентов с COVID-19 входят преимущественно сердечно-сосудистые заболевания (АГ, ИБС, ХСН), сахарный диабет и ожирение. Комбинации этих заболеваний повышают риск летального исхода при COVID-19.

Aim To study the effect of regular drug therapy for cardiovascular and other diseases preceding the COVID-19 infection on severity and outcome of COVID-19 based on data of the ACTIVE (Analysis of dynamics of Comorbidities in paTIents who surVived SARS-CoV-2 infEction) registry.Material and methods The ACTIVE registry was created at the initiative of the Eurasian Association of Therapists. The registry includes 5 808 male and female patients diagnosed with COVID-19 treated in a hospital or at home with a due protection of patients’ privacy (data of nasal and throat smears; antibody titer; typical CT imaging features). The register territory included 7 countries: the Russian Federation, the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Moldova, and the Republic of Uzbekistan. The registry design: a closed, multicenter registry with two nonoverlapping arms (outpatient arm and in-patient arm). The registry scheduled 6 visits, 3 in-person visits during the acute period and 3 virtual visits (telephone calls) at 3, 6, and 12 mos. Patient enrollment started on June 29, 2020 and was completed on October 29, 2020. The registry completion is scheduled for October 29, 2022. The registry ID: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04492384. In this fragment of the study of registry data, the work group analyzed the effect of therapy for comorbidities at baseline on severity and outcomes of the novel coronavirus infection. The study population included only the patients who took their medicines on a regular basis while the comparison population consisted of noncompliant patients (irregular drug intake or not taking drugs at all despite indications for the treatment).ResultsThe analysis of the ACTIVE registry database included 5808 patients. The vast majority of patients with COVID-19 had comorbidities with prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. Medicines used for the treatment of COVID-19 comorbidities influenced the course of the infectious disease in different ways. A lower risk of fatal outcome was associated with the statin treatment in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD); with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor antagonists and with beta-blockers in patients with IHD, arterial hypertension, chronic heart failure (CHF), and atrial fibrillation; with oral anticoagulants (OAC), primarily direct OAC, clopidogrel/prasugrel/ticagrelor in patients with IHD; with oral antihyperglycemic therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM); and with long-acting insulins in patients with type 1 DM. A higher risk of fatal outcome was associated with the spironolactone treatment in patients with CHF and with inhaled corticosteroids (iCS) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Conclusion In the epoch of COVID-19 pandemic, a lower risk of severe course of the coronavirus infection was observed for patients with chronic noninfectious comorbidities highly compliant with the base treatment of the comorbidity.

В статье представлены подходы учёных к понятию «структура семьи», а также различные подходы к рассмотрению позиции подростка в структуре семейных отношений. Также представлены результаты исследования позиции подростка в разных типах семьи., This paper presents the approaches of scientists to the concept of «family structure» as well as various approaches to considering the position of an adolescent in the structure of family relations. The results of research into the position of an adolescent in different types of families are also presented.