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7,358 results on '"A. Zechner"'

1. Reducing Meshing Requirements for Electrostatic Problems using a Galerkin Boundary Element Method

Author

Marussig, Benjamin, Rüberg, Thomas, Zechner, Jürgen, Kielhorn, Lars, and Fries, Thomas-Peter

Subjects
Computer Science - Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science
Abstract

This work focuses on model preparation for electrostatic simulations of CAD designs to realize a rapid virtual prototyping concept. We present a boundary element method (BEM) allowing discontinuous fields between surfaces. The corresponding edges of the CAD model are enhanced with the data required to integrate over non-conforming elements. Finally, we generate a mesh for each CAD surface. The approach is verified via numerical experiments and shows excellent agreement with conforming BEM results.

Published
2024

3. Impact of empagliflozin on cardiac structure and function assessed by echocardiography after myocardial infarction: a post-hoc sub-analysis of the emmy trial

Author

Schwegel, Nora, Strohhofer, Christoph, Kolesnik, Ewald, Oltean, Sabrina, Hüttmair, Alexander, Pipp, Christian, Benedikt, Martin, Verheyen, Nicolas, Gollmer, Johannes, Ablasser, Klemens, Wallner, Markus, Santner, Viktoria, Tripolt, Norbert, Pferschy, Peter, Zechner, Peter, Alber, Hannes, Siller-Matula, Jolanta M., Kopp, Kristen, Zirlik, Andreas, Aziz, Faisal, Sourij, Harald, and von Lewinski, Dirk

Published
2024
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4. Klebsiella oxytoca inhibits Salmonella infection through multiple microbiota-context-dependent mechanisms

Author

Osbelt, Lisa, Almási, Éva d. H., Wende, Marie, Kienesberger, Sabine, Voltz, Alexander, Lesker, Till R., Muthukumarasamy, Uthayakumar, Knischewski, Nele, Nordmann, Elke, Bielecka, Agata A., Giralt-Zúñiga, María, Kaganovitch, Eugen, Kühne, Caroline, Baier, Claas, Pietsch, Michael, Müsken, Mathias, Greweling-Pils, Marina C., Breinbauer, Rolf, Flieger, Antje, Schlüter, Dirk, Müller, Rolf, Erhardt, Marc, Zechner, Ellen L., and Strowig, Till

Published
2024
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5. The dual GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonist G49 mimics bariatric surgery effects by inducing metabolic rewiring and inter-organ crosstalk

Author

M. Pilar Valdecantos, Laura Ruiz, Cintia Folgueira, Patricia Rada, Beatriz Gomez-Santos, Maite Solas, Ana B. Hitos, Joss Field, Vera Francisco, Carmen Escalona-Garrido, Sebastián Zagmutt, María Calderon-Dominguez, Paula Mera, Irma Garcia-Martinez, Elsa Maymó-Masip, Diana Grajales, Rosa Alen, Alfonso Mora, Neira Sáinz, Irene Vides-Urrestarazu, Nuria Vilarrasa, José M. Arbones-Mainar, Carlos Zaragoza, María J. Moreno-Aliaga, Patricia Aspichueta, Sonia Fernández-Veledo, Joan Vendrell, Dolors Serra, Laura Herrero, Renate Schreiber, Rudolf Zechner, Guadalupe Sabio, David Hornigold, Cristina M. Rondinone, Lutz Jermutus, Joseph Grimsby, and Ángela M. Valverde

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Bariatric surgery is effective for the treatment and remission of obesity and type 2 diabetes, but pharmacological approaches which exert similar metabolic adaptations are needed to avoid post-surgical complications. Here we show how G49, an oxyntomodulin (OXM) analog and dual glucagon/glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GCGR/GLP-1R) agonist, triggers an inter-organ crosstalk between adipose tissue, pancreas, and liver which is initiated by a rapid release of free fatty acids (FFAs) by white adipose tissue (WAT) in a GCGR-dependent manner. This interactome leads to elevations in adiponectin and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), causing WAT beiging, brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation, increased energy expenditure (EE) and weight loss. Elevation of OXM, under basal and postprandial conditions, and similar metabolic adaptations after G49 treatment were found in plasma from patients with obesity early after metabolic bariatric surgery. These results identify G49 as a potential pharmacological alternative sharing with bariatric surgery hormonal and metabolic pathways.

Published
2024
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7. A local polynomial moment approximation for compartmentalised biochemical systems

Author

Bianucci, Tommaso and Zechner, Christoph

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Molecular Networks, Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods
Abstract

Compartmentalised biochemical reactions are a ubiquitous building block of biological systems. The interplay between chemical and compartmental dynamics can drive rich and complex dynamical behaviors that are difficult to analyse mathematically -- especially in the presence of stochasticity. We have recently proposed an effective moment equation approach to study the statistical properties of compartmentalised biochemical systems. So far, however, this approach is limited to polynomial rate laws and moreover, it relies on suitable moment closure approximations, which can be difficult to find in practice. In this work we propose a systematic method to derive closed moment dynamics for compartmentalised biochemical systems. We show that for the considered class of systems, the moment equations involve expectations over functions that factorize into two parts, one depending on the molecular content of the compartments and one depending on the compartment number distribution. Our method exploits this structure and approximates each function with suitable polynomial expansions, leading to a closed system of moment equations. We demonstrate the method using three systems inspired by cell populations and organelle networks and study its accuracy across different dynamical regimes.

Published
2023

8. Optimizing Carbon Storage Operations for Long-Term Safety

Author

Wang, Yizheng, Zechner, Markus, Wen, Gege, Corso, Anthony Louis, Mern, John Michael, Kochenderfer, Mykel J., and Caers, Jef Karel

Subjects
Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control, Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract

To combat global warming and mitigate the risks associated with climate change, carbon capture and storage (CCS) has emerged as a crucial technology. However, safely sequestering CO2 in geological formations for long-term storage presents several challenges. In this study, we address these issues by modeling the decision-making process for carbon storage operations as a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP). We solve the POMDP using belief state planning to optimize injector and monitoring well locations, with the goal of maximizing stored CO2 while maintaining safety. Empirical results in simulation demonstrate that our approach is effective in ensuring safe long-term carbon storage operations. We showcase the flexibility of our approach by introducing three different monitoring strategies and examining their impact on decision quality. Additionally, we introduce a neural network surrogate model for the POMDP decision-making process to handle the complex dynamics of the multi-phase flow. We also investigate the effects of different fidelity levels of the surrogate model on decision qualities.

Published
2023

9. The influence of time and visualization on neurofeedback-guided parietal alpha downregulation and sense of presence in virtual reality

Author

Loic Botrel, Alex Kreilinger, Mathias Müller, Maria Pfeiffer, Vincent Scheu, Nico Vowinkel, Roland Zechner, Ivo Käthner, and Andrea Kübler

Subjects
neurofeedback, high density EEG, portable EEG, inverse connectivity, virtual reality, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

In an EEG-based near real-time neurofeedback (NF) study in two parts using high immersive virtual reality (VR) we successfully trained healthy participants to downregulate their parietal alpha power, a neurophysiological correlate previously associated with enhanced sense of presence. The first part included n = 10 participants equipped with 128 and 64 channels gel-based active EEG electrodes in 10 sessions using standard bar feedback presented on a computer monitor. Nine participants were better than random at the 10th session and four improved over time. For the second part we reduced the electrode subset to 9 sponge-based active channels (2 frontal, 7 parietal around Pz) and a portable amplifier. Participants (n = 10) were trained each session within VR using bar feedback projected on a wall in the first 5 sessions and then controlling the flow of a water fountain. Participants were able to significantly downregulate their parietal alpha power after 5 sessions and learning occurred at the group level, with 7 participants showing both improvement over time and ability to modulate. However, these results were only shown during the fountain feedback and both ability and learning were non-significant in the VR projector condition. Based on self-reports, after excluding participants performing movements and closing their eyes, no particular mental strategy, such as relaxation, breathing or mental calculus was identified to help with alpha modulation. The hypothesized behavioral effect on sense of presence was not found nor any neurophysiological changes in fronto-parietal connectivity. While NF did not improve the sense of presence, we succeeded in adapting real-time NF training for high immersive VR technology via seamlessly embedded feedback in the form of a water fountain. The study showcases that NF is possible with sponge electrodes and portable EEG that would prove convenient in end-user (at home) or clinical setup. The dataset is publicly available on Openneuro.org.

Published
2025
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17. Capturing the dynamics of Ti diffusion across Ti$_x$W$_{1-x}$/Cu heterostructures using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Author

Kalha, Curran, Thakur, Pardeep K., Lee, Tien-Lin, Reisinger, Michael, Zechner, Johannes, Nelhiebel, Michael, and Regoutz, Anna

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Interdiffusion phenomena between adjacent materials are highly prevalent in semiconductor device architectures and can present a major reliability challenge for the industry. To fully capture and better understand these phenomena, experimental approaches must go beyond static and post-mortem studies to include in-situ and in-operando setups. Here, soft and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (SXPS and HAXPES) is used to monitor diffusion in real-time across a proxy device. The device consists of a Si/SiO\textsubscript{2}/Ti$_x$W$_{1-x}$(300 nm)/Cu(25 nm) thin film material stack, with the Ti$_x$W$_{1-x}$ film acting as a diffusion barrier between Si and Cu. The monitoring of diffusion is achieved through the continuous collection of spectra whilst in-situ annealing to 673 K. Ti within the TiW is found to be highly mobile during annealing, diffusing out of the barrier and accumulating at the Cu surface. Increasing the Ti concentration within the Ti$_x$W$_{1-x}$ film increases the quantity of accumulated Ti, and Ti is first detected at the Cu surface at temperatures as low as 550 K. Surprisingly, at low Ti concentrations ($x$ = 0.054), W is also mobile and diffuses alongside Ti. These results provide crucial evidence for the importance of diffusion barrier composition on their efficacy during device application, delivering insights into the mechanisms underlying their effectiveness and limitations.

Published
2023

18. A POMDP Model for Safe Geological Carbon Sequestration

Author

Corso, Anthony, Wang, Yizheng, Zechner, Markus, Caers, Jef, and Kochenderfer, Mykel J.

Subjects
Physics - Geophysics, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

Geological carbon capture and sequestration (CCS), where CO$_2$ is stored in subsurface formations, is a promising and scalable approach for reducing global emissions. However, if done incorrectly, it may lead to earthquakes and leakage of CO$_2$ back to the surface, harming both humans and the environment. These risks are exacerbated by the large amount of uncertainty in the structure of the storage formation. For these reasons, we propose that CCS operations be modeled as a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) and decisions be informed using automated planning algorithms. To this end, we develop a simplified model of CCS operations based on a 2D spillpoint analysis that retains many of the challenges and safety considerations of the real-world problem. We show how off-the-shelf POMDP solvers outperform expert baselines for safe CCS planning. This POMDP model can be used as a test bed to drive the development of novel decision-making algorithms for CCS operations., Comment: Accepted at NeurIPS 2022 Workshop on Tackling Climate Change with Machine Learning

Published
2022

26. Adhesion properties of polyimide coated stacks: An in-depth analysis of the cross-sectional nanoindentation method

Author

Moritz Hartleb, Peter Imrich, Johannes Zechner, Thomas Walter, Manuel Petersmann, and Golta Khatibi

Subjects
Thin films, Delamination, Nanoindentation, Finite element method, Polyimide, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

Adhesion at the interface between dissimilar materials in the semiconductor industry is an important topic, but reliable quantitative methods for strongly adhesive or highly plastic layers are hardly available. This study aims to investigate the suitability of the cross-sectional nanoindentation (CSN) method for determination of the critical energy release rate of thin film stacks in the presence of a polyimide layer as a representative structure for such a case. For this purpose, the adhesion of a deliberately weakened Si/SiOx interface in a Si/SiOx/Al/SixNy/polyimide stack is examined by systematic variation of the experimental parameters. This allows for a limitation of the plastic energy dissipated in the polyimide layer during delamination, while still investigating its influences on the overall delamination behavior. The results and evaluability of individual experiments were strongly affected by the geometry of the indenter tip and the distance of indentation to the interface, while other internal control parameters of the nanoindenter were more relevant for ease of the experimental procedure. An optimized choice of the mentioned parameters, 8 μm distance from the deposited layers for the cube-corner tip geometry, and 10 μm for the Berkovich geometry, led to 30 % of evaluable results, considered as high for quantitative adhesion testing of thin films. A multi-stage finite element analysis was developed to consider the effect of plasticity in the polyimide layer. Using this, the critical energy release rates (Gc) of the Si/SiOx interface was determined to be 9.61 J/m2 and 10.85 J/m2 for the cube-corner and Berkovich tip geometries, respectively. This work presents a novel promising way to extend the application fields of the CSN method for the determination of the energy release rate of systems containing layers with a high plasticity.

Published
2024
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27. Microbiota-derived small molecule genotoxins: host interactions and ecological impact in the gut ecosystem

Author

Ellen L. Zechner and Sabine Kienesberger

Subjects
Bacterial antagonism, DNA damage, secondary metabolites, colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, colibactin, Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology, RC799-869
Abstract

The human intestinal tract is densely colonized by a microbial community that is subject to intense competition. Bacteria in this complex habitat seek to outcompete their neighbors for nutrients and eliminate competitors with antibacterial toxins. Antagonism can be mediated by diverse effectors including toxic proteins and small molecule inhibitors that are released extracellularly or delivered by specialized secretion systems to targeted cells. Two prototypical microbiota-derived enterotoxins, colibactin and tilimycin, and the newly discovered family of indolimines represent an expanding group of non-proteinaceous small molecules which specifically target DNA. In addition to cell killing, they generate mutations and genome instability in intoxicated microbes and host cells alike. They have been studied in detail because of their direct toxicity to human cells and important etiological roles in intestinal pathologies. Increasing evidence, however, reveals that these commensal genotoxins are also mediators of interbacterial antagonism, which impacts gut microbial ecology. In this review, we illustrate the functional versatility of commensal genotoxins in the gut ecosystem.

Published
2024
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28. Konstruktives Auflösen. Über ein radikales Museumskonzept für das Dollfuß-Geburtshaus und sein jähes Ende

Author

Remigio Gazzari, Christian Rabl, and Johanna Zechner

Subjects
Dollfuß-Museum, Dollfuß-Geburtshaus, Museumskonzept, Ausstellung, Vermittlungskonzept, History (General) and history of Europe
Abstract

New focal point of OeZG: examining recent developments and debates in Austria’s museum and exhibition landscape. In their essay, Remigio Gazzari, Christian Rabl, and Johanna Zechner explore the planned but ultimately unrealized redesign of the birthplace of Austrofascist chancellor Engelbert Dollfuß in Texingtal, Lower Austria. They offer direct insights into the political controversies surrounding the former museum and its abrupt closure.

Published
2024
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29. Stratified analyses refine association between TLR7 rare variants and severe COVID-19

Author

Jannik Boos, Caspar I. van der Made, Gayatri Ramakrishnan, Eamon Coughlan, Rosanna Asselta, Britt-Sabina Löscher, Luca V.C. Valenti, Rafael de Cid, Luis Bujanda, Antonio Julià, Erola Pairo-Castineira, J. Kenneth Baillie, Sandra May, Berina Zametica, Julia Heggemann, Agustín Albillos, Jesus M. Banales, Jordi Barretina, Natalia Blay, Paolo Bonfanti, Maria Buti, Javier Fernandez, Sara Marsal, Daniele Prati, Luisa Ronzoni, Nicoletta Sacchi, Joachim L. Schultze, Olaf Riess, Andre Franke, Konrad Rawlik, David Ellinghaus, Alexander Hoischen, Axel Schmidt, Kerstin U. Ludwig, Valeria Rimoldi, Elvezia M. Paraboschi, Alessandra Bandera, Flora Peyvandi, Giacomo Grasselli, Francesco Blasi, Francesco Malvestiti, Serena Pelusi, Cristiana Bianco, Lorenzo Miano, Angela Lombardi, Pietro Invernizzi, Alessio Gerussi, Giuseppe Citerio, Andrea Biondi, Maria Grazia Valsecchi, Marina Elena Cazzaniga, Giuseppe Foti, Ilaria Beretta, Mariella D'Angiò, Laura Rachele Bettini, Xavier Farré, Susana Iraola-Guzmán, Manolis Kogevinas, Gemma Castaño-Vinyals, Koldo Garcia-Etxebarria, Beatriz Nafria, Mauro D'Amato, Adriana Palom, Colin Begg, Sara Clohisey, Charles Hinds, Peter Horby, Julian Knight, Lowell Ling, David Maslove, Danny McAuley, Johnny Millar, Hugh Montgomery, Alistair Nichol, Peter J.M. Openshaw, Alexandre C. Pereira, Chris P. Ponting, Kathy Rowan, Malcolm G. Semple, Manu Shankar-Hari, Charlotte Summers, Timothy Walsh, Latha Aravindan, Ruth Armstrong, Heather Biggs, Ceilia Boz, Adam Brown, Richard Clark, Audrey Coutts, Judy Coyle, Louise Cullum, Sukamal Das, Nicky Day, Lorna Donnelly, Esther Duncan, Angie Fawkes, Paul Fineran, Max Head Fourman, Anita Furlong, James Furniss, Bernadette Gallagher, Tammy Gilchrist, Ailsa Golightly, Fiona Griffiths, Katarzyna Hafezi, Debbie Hamilton, Ross Hendry, Andy Law, Dawn Law, Rachel Law, Sarah Law, Rebecca Lidstone-Scott, Louise Macgillivray, Alan Maclean, Hanning Mal, Sarah McCafferty, Ellie Mcmaster, Jen Meikle, Shona C. Moore, Kirstie Morrice, Lee Murphy, Sheena Murphy, Mybaya Hellen, Wilna Oosthuyzen, Chenqing Zheng, Jiantao Chen, Nick Parkinson, Trevor Paterson, Katherine Schon, Andrew Stenhouse, Mihaela Das, Maaike Swets, Helen Szoor-McElhinney, Filip Taneski, Lance Turtle, Tony Wackett, Mairi Ward, Jane Weaver, Nicola Wrobel, Marie Zechner, Gill Arbane, Aneta Bociek, Sara Campos, Neus Grau, Tim Owen Jones, Rosario Lim, Martina Marotti, Marlies Ostermann, Christopher Whitton, Zoe Alldis, Raine Astin-Chamberlain, Fatima Bibi, Jack Biddle, Sarah Blow, Matthew Bolton, Catherine Borra, Ruth Bowles, Maudrian Burton, Yasmin Choudhury, David Collier, Amber Cox, Amy Easthope, Patrizia Ebano, Stavros Fotiadis, Jana Gurasashvili, Rosslyn Halls, Pippa Hartridge, Delordson Kallon, Jamila Kassam, Ivone Lancoma-Malcolm, Maninderpal Matharu, Peter May, Oliver Mitchelmore, Tabitha Newman, Mital Patel, Jane Pheby, Irene Pinzuti, Zoe Prime, Oleksandra Prysyazhna, Julian Shiel, Melanie Taylor, Carey Tierney, Suzanne Wood, Anne Zak, Olivier Zongo, Stephen Bonner, Keith Hugill, Jessica Jones, Steven Liggett, Evie Headlam, Nageswar Bandla, Minnie Gellamucho, Michelle Davies, Christopher Thompson, Marwa Abdelrazik, Dhanalakshmi Bakthavatsalam, Munzir Elhassan, Arunkumar Ganesan, Anne Haldeos, Jeronimo Moreno-Cuesta, Dharam Purohit, Rachel Vincent, Kugan Xavier, Kumar Rohit, Frater Alasdair, Malik Saleem, Carter David, Jenkins Samuel, Zoe Lamond, Wall Alanna, Jaime Fernandez-Roman, David O. Hamilton, Emily Johnson, Brian Johnston, Maria Lopez Martinez, Suleman Mulla, David Shaw, Alicia A.C. Waite, Victoria Waugh, Ingeborg D. Welters, Karen Williams, Anna Cavazza, Maeve Cockrell, Eleanor Corcoran, Maria Depante, Clare Finney, Ellen Jerome, Mark McPhail, Monalisa Nayak, Harriet Noble, Kevin O'Reilly, Evita Pappa, Rohit Saha, Sian Saha, John Smith, Abigail Knighton, David Antcliffe, Dorota Banach, Stephen Brett, Phoebe Coghlan, Ziortza Fernandez, Anthony Gordon, Roceld Rojo, Sonia Sousa Arias, Maie Templeton, Megan Meredith, Lucy Morris, Lucy Ryan, Amy Clark, Julia Sampson, Cecilia Peters, Martin Dent, Margaret Langley, Saima Ashraf, Shuying Wei, Angela Andrew, Archana Bashyal, Neil Davidson, Paula Hutton, Stuart McKechnie, Jean Wilson, David Baptista, Rebecca Crowe, Rita Fernandes, Rosaleen Herdman-Grant, Anna Joseph, Denise O'Connor, Meryem Allen, Adam Loveridge, India McKenley, Eriko Morino, Andres Naranjo, Richard Simms, Kathryn Sollesta, Andrew Swain, Harish Venkatesh, Jacyntha Khera, Jonathan Fox, Gillian Andrew, Lucy Barclay, Marie Callaghan, Rachael Campbell, Sarah Clark, Dave Hope, Lucy Marshall, Corrienne McCulloch, Kate Briton, Jo Singleton, Sohphie Birch, Lutece Brimfield, Zoe Daly, David Pogson, Steve Rose, Ceri Battle, Elaine Brinkworth, Rachel Harford, Carl Murphy, Luke Newey, Tabitha Rees, Marie Williams, Sophie Arnold, Petra Polgarova, Katerina Stroud, Eoghan Meaney, Megan Jones, Anthony Ng, Shruti Agrawal, Nazima Pathan, Deborah White, Esther Daubney, Kay Elston, Lina Grauslyte, Musarat Hussain, Mandeep Phull, Tatiana Pogreban, Lace Rosaroso, Erika Salciute, George Franke, Joanna Wong, Aparna George, Laura Ortiz-Ruiz de Gordoa, Emily Peasgood, Claire Phillips, Michelle Bates, Jo Dasgin, Jaspret Gill, Annette Nilsson, James Scriven, Carlos Castro Delgado, Deborah Dawson, Lijun Ding, Georgia Durrant, Obiageri Ezeobu, Sarah Farnell-Ward, Abiola Harrison, Rebecca Kanu, Susannah Leaver, Elena Maccacari, Soumendu Manna, Romina Pepermans Saluzzio, Joana Queiroz, Tinashe Samakomva, Christine Sicat, Joana Texeira, Edna Fernandes Da Gloria, Ana Lisboa, John Rawlins, Jisha Mathew, Ashley Kinch, William James Hurt, Nirav Shah, Victoria Clark, Maria Thanasi, Nikki Yun, Kamal Patel, Sara Bennett, Emma Goodwin, Matthew Jackson, Alissa Kent, Clare Tibke, Wiesia Woodyatt, Ahmed Zaki, Azmerelda Abraheem, Peter Bamford, Kathryn Cawley, Charlie Dunmore, Maria Faulkner, Rumanah Girach, Helen Jeffrey, Rhianna Jones, Emily London, Imrun Nagra, Farah Nasir, Hannah Sainsbury, Clare Smedley, Tahera Patel, Matthew Smith, Srikanth Chukkambotla, Aayesha Kazi, Janice Hartley, Joseph Dykes, Muhammad Hijazi, Sarah Keith, Meherunnisa Khan, Janet Ryan-Smith, Philippa Springle, Jacqueline Thomas, Nick Truman, Samuel Saad, Dabheoc Coleman, Christopher Fine, Roseanna Matt, Bethan Gay, Jack Dalziel, Syamlan Ali, Drew Goodchild, Rhiannan Harling, Ravi Bhatterjee, Wendy Goddard, Chloe Davison, Stephen Duberly, Jeanette Hargreaves, Rachel Bolton, Miriam Davey, David Golden, Rebecca Seaman, Shiney Cherian, Sean Cutler, Anne Emma Heron, Anna Roynon-Reed, Tamas Szakmany, Gemma Williams, Owen Richards, Yusuf Cheema, Hollie Brooke, Sarah Buckley, Jose Cebrian Suarez, Ruth Charlesworth, Karen Hansson, John Norris, Alice Poole, Alastair Rose, Rajdeep Sandhu, Brendan Sloan, Elizabeth Smithson, Muthu Thirumaran, Veronica Wagstaff, Alexandra Metcalfe, Mark Brunton, Jess Caterson, Holly Coles, Matthew Frise, Sabi Gurung Rai, Nicola Jacques, Liza Keating, Emma Tilney, Shauna Bartley, Parminder Bhuie, Sian Gibson, Amanda Lyle, Fiona McNeela, Jayachandran Radhakrishnan, Alistair Hughes, Bryan Yates, Jessica Reynolds, Helen Campbell, Maria Thompsom, Steve Dodds, Stacey Duffy, Sandra Greer, Karen Shuker, Ascanio Tridente, Reena Khade, Ashok Sundar, George Tsinaslanidis, Isobel Birkinshaw, Joseph Carter, Kate Howard, Joanne Ingham, Rosie Joy, Harriet Pearson, Samantha Roche, Zoe Scott, Hollie Bancroft, Mary Bellamy, Margaret Carmody, Jacqueline Daglish, Faye Moore, Joanne Rhodes, Mirriam Sangombe, Salma Kadiri, Maria Croft, Ian White, Victoria Frost, Maia Aquino, Rajeev Jha, Vinodh Krishnamurthy, Lai Lim, Li Lim, Edward Combes, Teishel Joefield, Sonja Monnery, Valerie Beech, Sallyanne Trotman, Christine Almaden-Boyle, Pauline Austin, Louise Cabrelli, Stephen Cole, Matt Casey, Susan Chapman, Clare Whyte, Yolanda Baird, Aaron Butler, Indra Chadbourn, Linda Folkes, Heather Fox, Amy Gardner, Raquel Gomez, Gillian Hobden, Luke Hodgson, Kirsten King, Michael Margarson, Tim Martindale, Emma Meadows, Dana Raynard, Yvette Thirlwall, David Helm, Jordi Margalef, Kristine Criste, Rebecca Cusack, Kim Golder, Hannah Golding, Oliver Jones, Samantha Leggett, Michelle Male, Martyna Marani, Kirsty Prager, Toran Williams, Belinda Roberts, Karen Salmon, Peter Anderson, Katie Archer, Karen Austin, Caroline Davis, Alison Durie, Olivia Kelsall, Jessica Thrush, Charlie Vigurs, Laura Wild, Hannah-Louise Wood, Helen Tranter, Alison Harrison, Nicholas Cowley, Michael McAlindon, Andrew Burtenshaw, Stephen Digby, Emma Low, Aled Morgan, Naiara Cother, Tobias Rankin, Sarah Clayton, Alex McCurdy, Cecilia Ahmed, Balvinder Baines, Sarah Clamp, Julie Colley, Risna Haq, Anne Hayes, Jonathan Hulme, Samia Hussain, Sibet Joseph, Rita Kumar, Zahira Maqsood, Manjit Purewal, Leonie Benham, Zena Bradshaw, Joanna Brown, Melanie Caswell, Jason Cupitt, Sarah Melling, Stephen Preston, Nicola Slawson, Emma Stoddard, Scott Warden, Bethan Deacon, Ceri Lynch, Carla Pothecary, Lisa Roche, Gwenllian Sera Howe, Jayaprakash Singh, Keri Turner, Hannah Ellis, Natalie Stroud, Jodie Hunt, Joy Dearden, Emma Dobson, Andy Drummond, Michelle Mulcahy, Sheila Munt, Grainne O'Connor, Jennifer Philbin, Chloe Rishton, Redmond Tully, Sarah Winnard, Susanne Cathcart, Katharine Duffy, Alex Puxty, Kathryn Puxty, Lynne Turner, Jane Ireland, Gary Semple, Kate Long, Simon Whiteley, Elizabeth Wilby, Bethan Ogg, Amanda Cowton, Andrea Kay, Melanie Kent, Kathryn Potts, Ami Wilkinson, Suzanne Campbell, Ellen Brown, Julie Melville, Jay Naisbitt, Rosane Joseph, Maria Lazo, Olivia Walton, Alan Neal, Peter Alexander, Schvearn Allen, Joanne Bradley-Potts, Craig Brantwood, Jasmine Egan, Timothy Felton, Grace Padden, Luke Ward, Stuart Moss, Susannah Glasgow, Lynn Abel, Michael Brett, Brian Digby, Lisa Gemmell, James Hornsby, Patrick MacGoey, Pauline O'Neil, Richard Price, Natalie Rodden, Kevin Rooney, Radha Sundaram, Nicola Thomson, Bridget Hopkins, Laura Thrasyvoulou, Heather Willis, Martyn Clark, Martina Coulding, Edward Jude, Jacqueline McCormick, Oliver Mercer, Darsh Potla, Hafiz Rehman, Heather Savill, Victoria Turner, Charlotte Downes, Kathleen Holding, Katie Riches, Mary Hilton, Mel Hayman, Deepak Subramanian, Priya Daniel, Oluronke Adanini, Nikhil Bhatia, Maines Msiska, Rebecca Collins, Ian Clement, Bijal Patel, A. Gulati, Carole Hays, K. Webster, Anne Hudson, Andrea Webster, Elaine Stephenson, Louise McCormack, Victoria Slater, Rachel Nixon, Helen Hanson, Maggie Fearby, Sinead Kelly, Victoria Bridgett, Philip Robinson, Julie Camsooksai, Charlotte Humphrey, Sarah Jenkins, Henrik Reschreiter, Beverley Wadams, Yasmin Death, Victoria Bastion, Daphene Clarke, Beena David, Harriet Kent, Rachel Lorusso, Gamu Lubimbi, Sophie Murdoch, Melchizedek Penacerrada, Alastair Thomas, Jennifer Valentine, Ana Vochin, Retno Wulandari, Brice Djeugam, Gillian Bell, Katy English, Amro Katary, Louise Wilcox, Michelle Bruce, Karen Connolly, Tracy Duncan, Helen T-Michael, Gabriella Lindergard, Samuel Hey, Claire Fox, Jordan Alfonso, Laura Jayne Durrans, Jacinta Guerin, Bethan Blackledge, Jade Harris, Martin Hruska, Ayaa Eltayeb, Thomas Lamb, Tracey Hodgkiss, Lisa Cooper, Joanne Rothwell, Angela Allan, Felicity Anderson, Callum Kaye, Jade Liew, Jasmine Medhora, Teresa Scott, Erin Trumper, Adriana Botello, Liana Lankester, Nikitas Nikitas, Colin Wells, Bethan Stowe, Kayleigh Spencer, Craig Brandwood, Lara Smith, Katie Birchall, Laurel Kolakaluri, Deborah Baines, Anila Sukumaran, Elena Apetri, Cathrine Basikolo, Laura Catlow, Bethan Charles, Paul Dark, Reece Doonan, Alice Harvey, Daniel Horner, Karen Knowles, Stephanie Lee, Diane Lomas, Chloe Lyons, Tracy Marsden, Danielle McLaughlan, Liam McMorrow, Jessica Pendlebury, Jane Perez, Maria Poulaka, Nicola Proudfoot, Melanie Slaughter, Kathryn Slevin, Vicky Thomas, Danielle Walker, Angiy Michael, Matthew Collis, Tracey Cosier, Gemma Millen, Neil Richardson, Natasha Schumacher, Heather Weston, James Rand, Nicola Baxter, Steven Henderson, Sophie Kennedy-Hay, Christopher McParland, Laura Rooney, Malcolm Sim, Gordan McCreath, Louise Akeroyd, Shereen Bano, Matt Bromley, Lucy Gurr, Tom Lawton, James Morgan, Kirsten Sellick, Deborah Warren, Brian Wilkinson, Janet McGowan, Camilla Ledgard, Amelia Stacey, Kate Pye, Ruth Bellwood, Michael Bentley, Jeremy Bewley, Zoe Garland, Lisa Grimmer, Bethany Gumbrill, Rebekah Johnson, Katie Sweet, Denise Webster, Georgia Efford, Karen Convery, Deirdre Fottrell-Gould, Lisa Hudig, Jocelyn Keshet-Price, Georgina Randell, Katie Stammers, Maria Bokhari, Vanessa Linnett, Rachael Lucas, Wendy McCormick, Jenny Ritzema, Amanda Sanderson, Helen Wild, Anthony Rostron, Alistair Roy, Lindsey Woods, Sarah Cornell, Fiona Wakinshaw, Kimberley Rogerson, Jordan Jarmain, Robert Parker, Amie Reddy, Ian Turner-Bone, Laura Wilding, Peter Harding, Caroline Abernathy, Louise Foster, Andrew Gratrix, Vicky Martinson, Priyai Parkinson, Elizabeth Stones, Llucia Carbral-Ortega, Georgia Bercades, David Brealey, Ingrid Hass, Niall MacCallum, Gladys Martir, Eamon Raith, Anna Reyes, Deborah Smyth, Letizia Zitter, Sarah Benyon, Suzie Marriott, Linda Park, Samantha Keenan, Elizabeth Gordon, Helen Quinn, Kizzy Baines, Lenka Cagova, Adama Fofano, Lucie Garner, Helen Holcombe, Sue Mepham, Alice Michael Mitchell, Lucy Mwaura, Krithivasan Praman, Alain Vuylsteke, Julie Zamikula, Bally Purewal, Vanessa Rivers, Stephanie Bell, Hayley Blakemore, Borislava Borislavova, Beverley Faulkner, Emma Gendall, Elizabeth Goff, Kati Hayes, Matt Thomas, Ruth Worner, Kerry Smith, Deanna Stephens, Louise Mew, Esther Mwaura, Richard Stewart, Felicity Williams, Lynn Wren, Sara-Beth Sutherland, Emily Bevan, Jane Martin, Dawn Trodd, Geoff Watson, Caroline Wrey Brown, Amy Collins, Waqas Khaliq, Estefania Treus Gude, Olugbenga Akinkugbe, Alasdair Bamford, Emily Beech, Holly Belfield, Michael Bell, Charlene Davies, Gareth A.L. Jones, Tara McHugh, Hamza Meghari, Lauran O'Neill, Mark J. Peters, Samiran Ray, Ana Luisa Tomas, Iona Burn, Geraldine Hambrook, Katarina Manso, Ruth Penn, Pradeep Shanmugasundaram, Julie Tebbutt, Danielle Thornton, Jade Cole, Rhys Davies, Donna Duffin, Helen Hill, Ben Player, Emma Thomas, Angharad Williams, Denise Griffin, Nycola Muchenje, Mcdonald Mupudzi, Richard Partridge, Jo-Anna Conyngham, Rachel Thomas, Mary Wright, Maria Alvarez Corral, Reni Jacob, Cathy Jones, Craig Denmade, Sarah Beavis, Katie Dale, Rachel Gascoyne, Joanne Hawes, Kelly Pritchard, Lesley Stevenson, Amanda Whileman, Patricia Doble, Joanne Hutter, Corinne Pawley, Charmaine Shovelton, Marius Vaida, Deborah Butcher, Susie O'Sullivan, Nicola Butterworth-Cowin, Norfaizan Ahmad, Joann Barker, Kris Bauchmuller, Sarah Bird, Kay Cawthron, Kate Harrington, Yvonne Jackson, Faith Kibutu, Becky Lenagh, Shamiso Masuko, Gary H. Mills, Ajay Raithatha, Matthew Wiles, Jayne Willson, Helen Newell, Alison Lye, Lorenza Nwafor, Claire Jarman, Sarah Rowland-Jones, David Foote, Joby Cole, Roger Thompson, James Watson, Lisa Hesseldon, Irene Macharia, Luke Chetam, Jacqui Smith, Amber Ford, Samantha Anderson, Kathryn Birchall, Kay Housley, Sara Walker, Leanne Milner, Helena Hanratty, Helen Trower, Patrick Phillips, Simon Oxspring, Ben Donne, Catherine Jardine, Dewi Williams, Alasdair Hay, Rebecca Flanagan, Gareth Hughes, Scott Latham, Emma McKenna, Jennifer Anderson, Robert Hull, Kat Rhead, Carina Cruz, Natalie Pattison, Rob Charnock, Denise McFarland, Denise Cosgrove, Ashar Ahmed, Anna Morris, Srinivas Jakkula, Asifa Ali, Megan Brady, Sam Dale, Annalisa Dance, Lisa Gledhill, Jill Greig, Kathryn Hanson, Kelly Holdroyd, Marie Home, Diane Kelly, Ross Kitson, Lear Matapure, Deborah Melia, Samantha Mellor, Tonicha Nortcliffe, Jez Pinnell, Matthew Robinson, Lisa Shaw, Ryan Shaw, Lesley Thomis, Alison Wilson, Tracy Wood, Lee-Ann Bayo, Ekta Merwaha, Tahira Ishaq, Sarah Hanley, Meg Hibbert, Dariusz Tetla, Chrsitopher Woodford, Latha Durga, Gareth Kennard-Holden, Debbie Branney, Jordan Frankham, Sally Pitts, Nigel White, Shondipon Laha, Mark Verlander, Alexandra Williams, Abdelhakim Altabaibeh, Ana Alvaro, Kayleigh Gilbert, Louise Ma, Loreta Mostoles, Chetan Parmar, Kathryn Simpson, Champa Jetha, Lauren Booker, Anezka Pratley, Colene Adams, Anita Agasou, Tracie Arden, Amy Bowes, Pauline Boyle, Mandy Beekes, Heather Button, Nigel Capps, Mandy Carnahan, Anne Carter, Danielle Childs, Denise Donaldson, Kelly Hard, Fran Hurford, Yasmin Hussain, Ayesha Javaid, James Jones, Sanal Jose, Michael Leigh, Terry Martin, Helen Millward, Nichola Motherwell, Rachel Rikunenko, Jo Stickley, Julie Summers, Louise Ting, Helen Tivenan, Louise Tonks, Rebecca Wilcox, Maureen Holland, Natalie Keenan, Marc Lyons, Helen Wassall, Chris Marsh, Mervin Mahenthran, Emma Carter, Thomas Kong, Helen Blackman, Ben Creagh-Brown, Sinead Donlon, Natalia Michalak-Glinska, Sheila Mtuwa, Veronika Pristopan, Armorel Salberg, Eleanor Smith, Sarah Stone, Charles Piercy, Jerik Verula, Dorota Burda, Rugia Montaser, Lesley Harden, Irving Mayangao, Cheryl Marriott, Paul Bradley, Celia Harris, Susan Anderson, Eleanor Andrews, Janine Birch, Emma Collins, Kate Hammerton, Ryan O'Leary, Michele Clark, Sarah Purvis, Russell Barber, Claire Hewitt, Annette Hilldrith, Karen Jackson-Lawrence, Sarah Shepardson, Maryanne Wills, Susan Butler, Silvia Tavares, Amy Cunningham, Julia Hindale, Sarwat Arif, Sarah Bean, Karen Burt, Michael Spivey, Carrie Demetriou, Charlotte Eckbad, Sarah Hierons, Lucy Howie, Sarah Mitchard, Lidia Ramos, Alfredo Serrano-Ruiz, Katie White, Fiona Kelly, Daniele Cristiano, Natalie Dormand, Zohreh Farzad, Mahitha Gummadi, Kamal Liyanage, Brijesh Patel, Sara Salmi, Geraldine Sloane, Vicky Thwaites, Mathew Varghese, Anelise C. Zborowski, John Allan, Tim Geary, Gordon Houston, Alistair Meikle, Peter O'Brien, Miranda Forsey, Agilan Kaliappan, Anne Nicholson, Joanne Riches, Mark Vertue, Elizabeth Allan, Kate Darlington, Ffyon Davies, Jack Easton, Sumit Kumar, Richard Lean, Daniel Menzies, Richard Pugh, Xinyi Qiu, Llinos Davies, Hannah Williams, Jeremy Scanlon, Gwyneth Davies, Callum Mackay, Joannne Lewis, Stephanie Rees, Metod Oblak, Monica Popescu, Mini Thankachen, Andrew Higham, Kerry Simpson, Jayne Craig, Rosie Baruah, Sheila Morris, Susie Ferguson, Amy Shepherd, Luke Stephen Prockter Moore, Marcela Paola Vizcaychipi, Laura Gomes de Almeida Martins, Jaime Carungcong, Inthakab Ali Mohamed Ali, Karen Beaumont, Mark Blunt, Zoe Coton, Hollie Curgenven, Mohamed Elsaadany, Kay Fernandes, Sameena Mohamed Ally, Harini Rangarajan, Varun Sarathy, Sivarupan Selvanayagam, Dave Vedage, Matthew White, Mandy Gill, Paul Paul, Valli Ratnam, Sarah Shelton, Inez Wynter, Siobhain Carmody, Valerie Joan Page, Claire Marie Beith, Karen Black, Suzanne Clements, Alan Morrison, Dominic Strachan, Margaret Taylor, Michelle Clarkson, Stuart D'Sylva, Kathryn Norman, Fiona Auld, Joanne Donnachie, Ian Edmond, Lynn Prentice, Nikole Runciman, Dario Salutous, Lesley Symon, Anne Todd, Patricia Turner, Abigail Short, Laura Sweeney, Euan Murdoch, Dhaneesha Senaratne, Michaela Hill, Thogulava Kannan, Wild Laura, Rikki Crawley, Abigail Crew, Mishell Cunningham, Allison Daniels, Laura Harrison, Susan Hope, Ken Inweregbu, Sian Jones, Nicola Lancaster, Jamie Matthews, Alice Nicholson, Gemma Wray, Helen Langton, Rachel Prout, Malcolm Watters, Catherine Novis, Anthony Barron, Ciara Collins, Sundeep Kaul, Heather Passmore, Claire Prendergast, Anna Reed, Paula Rogers, Rajvinder Shokkar, Meriel Woodruff, Hayley Middleton, Oliver Polgar, Claire Nolan, Kanta Mahay, Dawn Collier, Anil Hormis, Victoria Maynard, Cheryl Graham, Rachel Walker, Ellen Knights, Alicia Price, Alice Thomas, Chris Thorpe, Teresa Behan, Caroline Burnett, Jonathan Hatton, Elaine Heeney, Atideb Mitra, Maria Newton, Rachel Pollard, Rachael Stead, Vishal Amin, Elena Anastasescu, Vikram Anumakonda, Komala Karthik, Rizwana Kausar, Karen Reid, Jacqueline Smith, Janet Imeson-Wood, Denise Skinner, Jane Gaylard, Dee Mullan, Julie Newman, Alison Brown, Vikki Crickmore, Gabor Debreceni, Joy Wilkins, Liz Nicol, Rosie Reece-Anthony, Mark Birt, Alison Ghosh, Emma Williams, Louise Allen, Eva Beranova, Nikki Crisp, Joanne Deery, Tracy Hazelton, Alicia Knight, Carly Price, Sorrell Tilbey, Salah Turki, Sharon Turney, Joshua Cooper, Cheryl Finch, Sarah Liderth, Alison Quinn, Natalia Waddington, Tina Coventry, Susan Fowler, Michael MacMahon, Amanda McGregor, Anne Cowley, Judith Highgate, Jane Gregory, Susan O'Connell, Tim Smith, Luigi Barberis, Shameer Gopal, Nichola Harris, Victoria Lake, Stella Metherell, Elizabeth Radford, Amelia Daniel, Joanne Finn, Rajnish Saha, Nikki White, Phil Donnison, Fiona Trim, Beena Eapen, Jenny Birch, Laura Bough, Josie Goodsell, Rebecca Tutton, Patricia Williams, Sarah Williams, Barbara Winter-Goodwin, Ailstair Nichol, Kathy Brickell, Michelle Smyth, Lorna Murphy, Samantha Coetzee, Alistair Gales, Igor Otahal, Meena Raj, Craig Sell, Paula Hilltout, Jayne Evitts, Amanda Tyler, Joanne Waldron, Kate Beesley, Sarah Board, Agnieszka Kubisz-Pudelko, Alison Lewis, Jess Perry, Lucy Pippard, Di Wood, Clare Buckley, Peter Barry, Neil Flint, Patel Rekha, Dawn Hales, Lara Bunni, Claire Jennings, Monica Latif, Rebecca Marshall, Gayathri Subramanian, Peter J. McGuigan, Christopher Wasson, Stephanie Finn, Jackie Green, Erin Collins, Bernadette King, Andy Campbell, Sara Smuts, Joseph Duffield, Oliver Smith, Lewis Mallon, Watkins Claire, Liam Botfield, Joanna Butler, Catherine Dexter, Jo Fletcher, Atul Garg, Aditya Kuravi, Poonam Ranga, Emma Virgilio, Zakaula Belagodu, Bridget Fuller, Anca Gherman, Olumide Olufuwa, Remi Paramsothy, Carmel Stuart, Naomi Oakley, Charlotte Kamundi, David Tyl, Katy Collins, Pedro Silva, June Taylor, Laura King, Charlotte Coates, Maria Crowley, Phillipa Wakefield, Jane Beadle, Laura Johnson, Janet Sargeant, Madeleine Anderson, Ailbhe Brady, Rebekah Chan, Jeff Little, Shane McIvor, Helena Prady, Helen Whittle, Bijoy Mathew, Ben Attwood, Penny Parsons, Geraldine Ward, Pamela Bremmer, West Joe, Baird Tracy, Ruddy Jim, Ellie Davies, Sonia Sathe, Catherine Dennis, Alastair McGregor, Victoria Parris, Sinduya Srikaran, Anisha Sukha, Noreen Clarke, Jonathan Whiteside, Mairi Mascarenhas, Avril Donaldson, Joanna Matheson, Fiona Barrett, Marianne O'Hara, Laura Okeefe, Clare Bradley, Christine Eastgate-Jackson, Helder Filipe, Daniel Martin, Amitaa Maharajh, Sara Mingo Garcia, Glykeria Pakou, Mark De Neef, Kathy Dent, Elizabeth Horsley, Muhmmad Nauman Akhtar, Sandra Pearson, Dorota Potoczna, Sue Spencer, Melanie Clapham, Rosemary Harper, Una Poultney, Polly Rice, Rachel Mutch, Lisa Armstrong, Hayley Bates, Emma Dooks, Fiona Farquhar, Brigid Hairsine, Chantal McParland, Sophie Packham, Rehana Bi, Barney Scholefield, Lydia Ashton, Linsha George, Sophie Twiss, David Wright, Manish Chablani, Amy Kirkby, Kimberley Netherton, Kim Davies, Linda O'Brien, Zohra Omar, Emma Perkins, Tracy Lewis, Isobel Sutherland, Karen Burns, Dr Ben Chandler, Kerry Elliott, Janine Mallinson, Alison Turnbull, Prisca Gondo, Bernard Hadebe, Abdul Kayani, Bridgett Masunda, Taya Anderson, Dan Hawcutt, Laura O'Malley, Laura Rad, Naomi Rogers, Paula Saunderson, Kathryn Sian Allison, Deborah Afolabi, Jennifer Whitbread, Dawn Jones, Rachael Dore, Matthew Halkes, Pauline Mercer, Lorraine Thornton, Joy Dawson, Sweyn Garrioch, Melanie Tolson, Jonathan Aldridge, Ritoo Kapoor, David Loader, Karen Castle, Sally Humphreys, Ruth Tampsett, Katherine Mackintosh, Amanda Ayers, Wendy Harrison, Julie North, Suzanne Allibone, Roman Genetu, Vidya Kasipandian, Amit Patel, Ainhi Mac, Anthony Murphy, Parisa Mahjoob, Roonak Nazari, Lucy Worsley, Andrew Fagan, Thomas Bemand, Ethel Black, Arnold Dela Rosa, Ryan Howle, Shaman Jhanji, Ravishankar Rao Baikady, Kate Colette Tatham, Benjamin Thomas, Dina Bell, Rosalind Boyle, Katie Douglas, Lynn Glass, Emma Lee, Liz Lennon, Austin Rattray, Abigail Taylor, Rachel Anne Hughes, Helen Thomas, Alun Rees, Michaela Duskova, Janet Phipps, Suzanne Brooks, Michelle Edwards, Sheena Quaid, Ekaterina Watson, Adam Brayne, Emma Fisher, Jane Hunt, Peter Jackson, Duncan Kaye, Nicholas Love, Juliet Parkin, Victoria Tuckey, Lynne Van Koutrik, Sasha Carter, Benedict Andrew, Louise Findlay, Katie Adams, Jen Service, Alison Williams, Claire Cheyne, Anne Saunderson, Sam Moultrie, Miranda Odam, Kathryn Hall, Isheunesu Mapfunde, Charlotte Willis, Alex Lyon, Chunda Sri-Chandana, Joslan Scherewode, Lorraine Stephenson, Sarah Marsh, John Hardy, Henry Houlden, Eleanor Moncur, Ambreen Tariq, Arianna Tucci, Maria Hobrok, Ronda Loosley, Heather McGuinness, Helen Tench, Rebecca Wolf-Roberts, Val Irvine, Benjamin Shelley, Claire Gorman, Abhinav Gupta, Elizabeth Timlick, Rebecca Brady, Barry Milligan, Arianna Bellini, Jade Bryant, Anton Mayer, Amy Pickard, Nicholas Roe, Jason Sowter, Alex Howlett, Katy Fidler, Emma Tagliavini, and Kevin Donnelly

Subjects
SARS-CoV-2, host genetics, toll-like receptor 7, targeted sequencing, rare variants, variant collapsing analysis, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Summary: Despite extensive global research into genetic predisposition for severe COVID-19, knowledge on the role of rare host genetic variants and their relation to other risk factors remains limited. Here, 52 genes with prior etiological evidence were sequenced in 1,772 severe COVID-19 cases and 5,347 population-based controls from Spain/Italy. Rare deleterious TLR7 variants were present in 2.4% of young (

Published
2024
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30. Alternate stabilization methods for CZTSSe photovoltaic devices by thermal treatment, dark electric bias and illumination

Author

Ananda, W., Rennhofer, M., Mittal, A., Zechner, N., and Lang, W.

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

Reliable measurement routines are crucial for power rating and yield prediction of photovoltaic emerging thinfilm technologies. Copper-Zinc-Tin-Sulfur-Selenium (CZTSSe) thin-film photovoltaic devices are an emerging technology made of abundant elements. Still, sufficient stabilization methods prior to electric power measurement are missing in the international standardization, while existing standards for other thin-film technologies do not work properly for CZTSSe. This study investigated methods for achieving power stabilization of the CZTSSe solar devices. Three complementary stabilization routines for the kesterite-based solar devices were investigated as an alternative to the existing international device testing standards: rapid annealing, dark electric biasing and different operating points under illumination. The typical number of stabilization cycles for power stabilization was between 3 and 6 cycles of rapid annealing, dark electric bias and illumination with a power loss of -19.5%, -11.4%, and -1.9%, for the respective methods. The dark electric bias method was found to provide the most reliable average result for power stabilization. All stabilization methods proved to have the potential to work sufficiently in stabilizing the CZTSSe devices for standardized power measurement.

Published
2022
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31. The potential roles of transacylation in intracellular lipolysis and related QSSA approximations

Author

Elias, Jan, Fellner, Klemens, Hofer, Peter, Oberer, Monika, Schreiber, Renate, and Zechner, Rudolf

Subjects
Mathematics - Dynamical Systems, 34C60, 37N25, 92C40, 92C45
Abstract

Fatty acids (FAs) are crucial energy metabolites, signalling molecules, and membrane building blocks for a wide range of organisms. Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is the first and presumingly most crucial regulator of FA release from triacylglycerols (TGs) stored within cytosolic lipid droplets. However, besides the function of releasing FAs by hydrolysing TGs into diacylglycerols (DGs), ATGL also promotes the transacylation reaction of two DG molecules into one TG and one monoacylglycerol molecule. To date, it is unknown whether DG transacylation is a coincidental byproduct of ATGL-mediated lipolysis or whether it is physiologically relevant. Experimental evidence is scarce since both, hydrolysis and transacylation, rely on the same active site of ATGL and always occur in parallel in an ensemble of molecules. This paper illustrates the potential roles of transacylation. It shows that, depending on the kinetic parameters but also on the state of the hydrolytic machinery, transacylation can increase or decrease downstream products up to 50\% and more. We provide an extensive asymptotic analysis including quasi-steady-state approximations (QSSA) with higher order correction terms and provide numerical simulation. We also argue that when assessing the validity of QSSAs one should include parameter sensitivity derivatives. Our results suggest that the transacylation function of ATGL is of biological relevance by providing feedback options and altogether stability to the lipolytic machinery in adipocytes., Comment: 33 pages, 12 figures

Published
2022

32. Dynamic Information Transfer in Stochastic Biochemical Networks

Author

Moor, Anne-Lena and Zechner, Christoph

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Molecular Networks, Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods
Abstract

We develop numerical and analytical approaches to calculate mutual information between complete paths of two molecular components embedded into a larger reaction network. In particular, we focus on a continuous-time Markov chain formalism, frequently used to describe intracellular processes involving lowly abundant molecular species. Previously, we have shown how the path mutual information can be calculated for such systems when two molecular components interact directly with one another with no intermediate molecular components being present. In this work, we generalize this approach to biochemical networks involving an arbitrary number of molecular components. We present an efficient Monte Carlo method as well as an analytical approximation to calculate the path mutual information and show how it can be decomposed into a pair of transfer entropies that capture the causal flow of information between two network components. We apply our methodology to study information transfer in a simple three-node feedforward network, as well as a more complex positive feedback system that switches stochastically between two metastable modes.

Published
2022

33. Adipocyte autophagy limits gut inflammation by controlling oxylipin and IL‐10

Author

Richter, Felix Clemens, Friedrich, Matthias, Kampschulte, Nadja, Piletic, Klara, Alsaleh, Ghada, Zummach, Ramona, Hecker, Julia, Pohin, Mathilde, Ilott, Nicholas, Guschina, Irina, Wideman, Sarah Karin, Johnson, Errin, Borsa, Mariana, Hahn, Paula, Morriseau, Christophe, Hammock, Bruce D, Schipper, Henk Simon, Edwards, Claire M, Zechner, Rudolf, Siegmund, Britta, Weidinger, Carl, Schebb, Nils Helge, Powrie, Fiona, and Simon, Anna Katharina

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biological Sciences, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Autoimmune Disease, Digestive Diseases, Crohn's Disease, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Oral and gastrointestinal, Humans, Adipocytes, Autophagy, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Inflammation, Interleukin-10, Oxylipins, adipocyte, autophagy, IL-10, inflammation, oxylipin, Information and Computing Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences
Abstract

Lipids play a major role in inflammatory diseases by altering inflammatory cell functions, either through their function as energy substrates or as lipid mediators such as oxylipins. Autophagy, a lysosomal degradation pathway that limits inflammation, is known to impact on lipid availability, however, whether this controls inflammation remains unexplored. We found that upon intestinal inflammation visceral adipocytes upregulate autophagy and that adipocyte-specific loss of the autophagy gene Atg7 exacerbates inflammation. While autophagy decreased lipolytic release of free fatty acids, loss of the major lipolytic enzyme Pnpla2/Atgl in adipocytes did not alter intestinal inflammation, ruling out free fatty acids as anti-inflammatory energy substrates. Instead, Atg7-deficient adipose tissues exhibited an oxylipin imbalance, driven through an NRF2-mediated upregulation of Ephx1. This shift reduced secretion of IL-10 from adipose tissues, which was dependent on the cytochrome P450-EPHX pathway, and lowered circulating levels of IL-10 to exacerbate intestinal inflammation. These results suggest an underappreciated fat-gut crosstalk through an autophagy-dependent regulation of anti-inflammatory oxylipins via the cytochrome P450-EPHX pathway, indicating a protective effect of adipose tissues for distant inflammation.

Published
2023

35. Evaluation of the Thermal Stability of TiW/Cu Heterojunctions Using a Combined SXPS and HAXPES Approach

Author

Kalha, Curran, Reisinger, Michael, Thakur, Pardeep. K., Lee, Tien-Lin, Venkatesan, Sriram, Isaacs, Mark, Palgrave, Robert G., Zechner, Johannes, Nelhiebel, Michael, and Regoutz, Anna

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Power semiconductor device architectures require the inclusion of a diffusion barrier to suppress, or at best prevent the interdiffusion between the copper metallisation interconnects and the surrounding silicon substructure. The binary pseudo-alloy of titanium-tungsten (TiW), with $>$70~at.\% W, is a well established copper diffusion barrier but is prone to degradation via the out-diffusion of titanium when exposed to high temperatures ($\geq$400$^\circ$C). Here, the thermal stability of physical vapour deposited (PVD) TiW/Cu bilayer thin films in Si/SiO\textsubscript{2}(50~nm)/TiW(300~nm)/Cu(25~nm) stacks were characterised in response to annealing at 400$^\circ$C for 0.5~h and 5~h, using a combination of soft and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (SXPS and HAXPES) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results show that annealing promoted the segregation of titanium out of the TiW and interdiffusion into the copper metallisation. Titanium was shown be driven toward the free copper surface, accumulating there and forming a titanium oxide overlayer upon exposure to air. Annealing for longer timescales promoted a greater out-diffusion of titanium and a thicker oxide layer to grow on the copper surface. However, interface measurements suggest that the diffusion is not significant enough to compromise the barrier integrity and the TiW/Cu interface remains stable even after 5~h of annealing.

Published
2022
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37. Microbiota regulates neonatal disease tolerance to virus-evoked necrotizing enterocolitis by shaping the STAT1-NLRC5 axis in the intestinal epithelium

Author

Subramanian, Saravanan, Geng, Hua, Wu, Longtao, Du, Chao, Peiper, Amy M., Bu, Heng-Fu, Chou, Pauline M., Wang, Xiao, Tan, Stephanie C., Iyer, Neha R., Khan, Nazeer Hussain, Zechner, Ellen L., Fox, James G., Breinbauer, Rolf, Qi, Chao, Yamini, Bakhtiar, Ting, Jenny P., De Plaen, Isabelle G., Karst, Stephanie M., and Tan, Xiao-Di

Published
2024
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39. The effects of stretching on running economy – A systematic review with meta-analysis

Author

Maximilian Zechner, Konstantin Warneke, and Andreas Konrad

Subjects
VO2, VO2max, running performance, running warm up, Sports, GV557-1198.995, Sports medicine, RC1200-1245
Abstract

Introduction While all running athletes aim to cover the prescribed distance as fast as possible, the physiological and anatomical profiles of athletes are completely different between the disciplines. While sprint athletes have to exert maximal force in the smallest possible time window, the long-distance runner strives for the most economical movement pattern possible (Barnes & Kilding, 2015). Therefore, defined as oxygen uptake at a velocity at a prescribed percentage of the vVO2max, running economy (RE) has been identified as a decisive performance parameter (Saunders et al., 2004). One identified parameter which moderates RE was Achilles tendon stiffness. While stretching frequently used in warm-ups, it also decreases tissue stiffness. Objective: While some authors recommended the avoidance of stretching prior to running (Wilson et al., 2010), others found no affected economy in response to stretching. To address this research gap, this study was conducted to pool available stretching effects on RE. Methods A systematic search was conducted using MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus (inception to April, 2024), which was supplemented by a manual search in Google Scholar and reference lists of identified studies. To account for multiple dependent study outcomes, robust variance estimation meta-analysis model was chosen to quantify pooled effect sizes. Controlled acute and chronic studies were included if they were performed in young, healthy participants on RE-parameter (energy/O2-consumption at a prescribed velocities determined at a percentage of VO2max (vVO2). Studies without a control group, patients or without the metabolic parameters were excluded. The PEDro scale and GRADE criteria were applied to evaluate the risk of bias and certainty of evidence, respectively. Results A total of 16 studies were investigated, with 14 studies (6 static stretching, 6 dynamic stretching and 2 static/dynamic stretching) addressing acute effects with 169 participants and 33 effect sizes (ES) matched the inclusion criteria. With a PEDro score of 4.88, study quality was rated fair. Overall, there was a low certainty of evidence without confirming any effect of stretching on RE, with overall group effect of ES = 0.007, −0.15 to 0.17 [95% CI], p = 0.93, τ2 = 0, W2 = 0, static group effect of ES = –0,22, –0,40 to 0,70 [95% CI], p = 0.3, τ2 = 0.18, W2 = 0 and dynamic group effect of ES = –0,07, −0.22 to 0.09 [95% CI], p = 0.35, τ2 = 0, W2 = 0, determined at vVO2 65% - 90%. Discussion Currently, there is no evidence supporting previous recommendations to avoid stretching before running due to reduced RE. However, several methodological limitations, such as high heterogeneity in the velocity used in RE determination, small study sample sizes and comparatively short stretching durations without intensity quantification and a lack of pre-post comparisons bias the certainty of evidence. Accordingly, there is a demand for high quality research that controls underlying mechanisms. References Barnes, K. R., & Kilding, A. E. (2015). Running economy: Measurement, norms, and determining factors. Sports Medicine – Open, 1, Article 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-015-0007-y Saunders, P., Pyne, D., Telford, R., & Hawley, J. (2004). Factors affecting running economy in trained distance runners. Sports Medicine, 34, 465–485. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200434070-00005 Wilson, J. M., Hornbuckle, L. M., Kim, J.-S., Ugrinowitsch, C., Lee, S.-R., Zourdos, M. C., Sommer, B., & Panton, L. B. (2010). Effects of atatic atretching on wnergy cost and running endurance performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24(9), 2274-2279. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b22ad6

Published
2024
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41. Design of a synthetic integral feedback circuit: dynamic analysis and DNA implementation

Author

Briat, Corentin, Zechner, Christoph, and Khammash, Mustafa

Subjects
Mathematics - Optimization and Control, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control, Quantitative Biology - Molecular Networks
Abstract

The design and implementation of regulation motifs ensuring robust perfect adaptation are challenging problems in synthetic biology. Indeed, the design of high-yield robust metabolic pathways producing, for instance, drug precursors and biofuels, could be easily imagined to rely on such a control strategy in order to optimize production levels and reduce production costs, despite the presence of environmental disturbance and model uncertainty. We propose here a motif that ensures tracking and robust perfect adaptation for the controlled reaction network through integral feedback. Its metabolic load on the host is fully tunable and can be made arbitrarily close to the constitutive limit, the universal minimal metabolic load of all possible controllers. A DNA implementation of the controller network is finally provided. Computer simulations using realistic parameters demonstrate the good agreement between the DNA implementation and the ideal controller dynamics., Comment: 31 pages, 8 figures

Published
2021

47. The Politics of Ailment: A New Approach to Care

Author

Zechner, Minna, author, Näre, Lena, author, Karsio, Olli, author, Olakivi, Antero, author, Sointu, Liina, author, Hoppania, Hanna-Kaisa, author, Vaittinen, Tiina, author, Zechner, Minna, Näre, Lena, Karsio, Olli, Olakivi, Antero, Sointu, Liina, Hoppania, Hanna-Kaisa, and Vaittinen, Tiina

Published
2022
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48. Thermal and Oxidation Stability of Ti$_x$W$_{1-x}$ Diffusion Barriers Investigated by Soft and Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Author

Kalha, Curran, Bichelmaier, Sebastian, Fernando, Nathalie K., Berens, Judith. V., Thakur, Pardeep K., Lee, Tien-Lin, Gutiérrez-Moreno, Julio. J., Mohr, Stephan, Ratcliff, Laura E., Reisinger, Michael, Zechner, Johannes, Nelhiebel, Michael, and Regoutz, Anna

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract

The binary alloy of titanium-tungsten (TiW) is an established diffusion barrier in high-power semiconductor devices, owing to its ability to suppress the diffusion of copper from the metallisation scheme into the surrounding silicon substructure. However, little is known about the response of TiW to high temperature events or its behaviour when exposed to air. Here, a combined soft and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterisation approach is used to study the influence of post-deposition annealing and titanium concentration on the oxidation behaviour of a 300~nm-thick TiW film. The combination of both XPS techniques allows for the assessment of the chemical state and elemental composition across the surface and bulk of the TiW layer. The findings show that in response to high-temperature annealing, titanium segregates out of the mixed metal system and upwardly migrates, accumulating at the TiW/air interface. Titanium shows remarkably rapid diffusion under relatively short annealing timescales and the extent of titanium surface enrichment is increased through longer annealing periods or by increasing the precursor titanium concentration. Surface titanium enrichment enhances the extent of oxidation both at the surface and in the bulk of the alloy due to the strong gettering ability of titanium. Quantification of the soft X-ray photoelectron spectra highlights the formation of three tungsten oxidation environments, attributed to WO$_2$, WO$_3$ and a WO$_3$ oxide coordinated with a titanium environment. This combinatorial characterisation approach provides valuable insights into the thermal and oxidation stability of TiW alloys from two depth perspectives, aiding the development of future device technologies.

Published
2021
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49. Experienced barriers in the use of ICT for social interaction in older adults ageing in place: a qualitative systematic review protocol (SYSR-D-22–00848)

Author

Nina Jøranson, Minna Zechner, Nilufer Korkmaz Yaylagul, Areti Efthymiou, and Rosa Silva

Subjects
Older adults, Social interaction, Social networks, Ageing in place, Information and communication technology, Loneliness, Medicine
Abstract

Abstract Background Several information and communication technologies (ICT) have been developed to enhance social connectedness of older adults aging in place, although they are not accessible for all. Barriers in using ICT might for example relate to health issues, sensory loss, lack of technical skills, or reluctance to use technologies. Though knowledge on these barriers is crucial for the development and implementation of ICT for older adults, no systematic review was found on this subject. The proposed qualitative systematic review aims to explore barriers experienced by older adults aging in place in using ICT for social interaction. Methods The review will be conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology. Databases for search will include MEDLINE (via PubMed), CINAHL (via EBSCO), and Web of Science (ISI), among others. Included studies focus on older adults ageing in place 60 years or older. Pairs of authors will independently, by following agreed guidelines, assess the eligibility of studies, and extract data. The testing of eligibility criteria and screening of titles, abstracts, and full texts will be performed. The findings will describe for example populations, context, culture, and the phenomena of interest. Qualitative research findings will, where possible, be pooled by using JBI SUMARI for the meta-aggregation approach. Discussion The mapping of published studies has the potential to identify research gaps in the existing literature, which again may inform developers and stakeholders in designing more user-friendly and adaptive ICT solutions for older people ageing in place. Systematic review registration CRD42022370044.

Published
2023
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