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2. Metabolic stress and reproductive features in post-partum goats supplemented for a long period with detoxified castor meal as the source of dietary nitrogen

Author

L.M. Silva, C.H.A. Oliveira, A.M. Silva, A.R. Montenegro, C.C.L. Fernandes, C.M.G. Silva, R. Rossetto, and D. Rondina

Subjects
Ricinus communis L, postpartum, lactation, goat kids, progesterone, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the effect of detoxified castor meal on the reproductive performance, metabolic stress, milk production, and kid development in peripartum goats. The diet of the animals were with (DCM, n= 20) or without (WDCM, n= 21) detoxified castor meal during the entire gestation and until weaning, 60 days post-birth. No differences were observed in the gestation period, litter size, rate of multiple births, and mortality between the two groups. The postpartum plasma concentrations of progesterone remained below 1ng/mL in all animals, thus, confirming the absence of active corpora lutea. The thickness of sternum adipose tissue and loin area, levels of urea and cholesterol, milk production, and daily weight gain in the kids were low in the DCM group when compared to those in the WDCM group (P< 0.05). To conclude, the use of detoxified castor meal in peripartum goats resulted in lower level of performance in the kids because of reductions in the amount of milk received from their mothers during lactation. In addition, the diet containing detoxified castor meals was not efficient in recovering from the loss of stored body reserves able to initiate the recovery of the cyclic activity of the goats.

Published
2020
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3. Beneficios de la actividad física inclusiva para personas con síndrome de Down: revisión sistemática.

Author

A.M. Silva-Ortiz, J.M. Gamonales, L. Gámez-Calvo, and J. Muñoz-Jiménez

Subjects
Actividad física, inclusión, síndrome de Down, Sports, GV557-1198.995
Abstract

El objetivo del trabajo fue realizar una revisión de la literatura relacionada con la actividad física como medio de inclusión para personas con Síndrome de Down. Para la búsqueda de referencias, se utilizó las siguientes palabras clave: Inclusion, Down Syndrome, y Physical Activity. Las bases de datos utilizadas fueron Web Of Science y SCOPUS. Para limitar la búsqueda, se establecieron cinco criterios de inclusión: i) Mencionar al menos alguna de las características de las personas con Síndrome de Down, ii) Utilizar la Actividad Física como herramienta de mejora de la calidad de vida iii) Seleccionar solamente artículos científicos, iiii) Disponibilidad del texto completo, y iiiii) Estar escrito en lengua inglesa. Se seleccionaron veintiún estudios, donde se extrajeron los datos de los artículos incluidos en la revisión. Los documentos abordan tópicos de investigación diferentes y han permitido conocer los principales beneficios de la actividad física para mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas con Síndrome de Down.

Published
2020
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5. Formulating octyl methoxycinnamate in hybrid lipid-silica nanoparticles: An innovative approach for UV skin protection

Author

T. Andreani, J. Dias-Ferreira, J.F. Fangueiro, A.L.R. Souza, C.P. Kiill, M.P.D. Gremião, M.L. García, A.M. Silva, and E.B. Souto

Subjects
Pharmaceutical science, Pharmaceutical chemistry, Nanotechnology, Octyl methoxycinnamate, Solid lipid nanoparticles, SLN, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

Sunscreens have been employed on daily skin care for centuries. Their role in protecting the skin from sun damage, avoiding accelerated photoaging and even limiting the risk of development of skin cancer is unquestionable. Although several chemical and physical filters are approved as sunscreens for human use, their safety profile is dependent on their concentration in the formulation which governs their acceptance by the regulatory agencies. A strategic delivery of such molecules should provide a UV protection and limit the skin penetration. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) may offer an alternative approach to achieve a synergistic effect on the UV protection when loaded with sunscreens as particles themselves also have a UV light scattering effect. Besides, the lipid character of SLN and NLC improves the encapsulation of lipophilic compounds, with enhanced loading capacity. Silica nanoparticles have also been employed in sunscreen formulations. Due to the formed sol-gel complexes, which covalently entrap sunscreen molecules, a controlled release is also achieved. In the present work, we have developed a new sunscreen formulation composed of hybrid SLN-Silica particles loaded with octyl methoxycinnamate (Parsol®MCX), and their further incorporation into a hydrogel for skin administration. Hybrid SLN-silica particles of 210.0 ± 3.341 nm of mean size, polydispersity below 0.3, zeta potential of ca. |7| mV, loading capacity of 19.9% and encapsulation efficiency of 98.3% have been produced. Despite the slight negative surface charge, the developed hybrid nanoparticles remained physicochemically stable over the study period. Turbiscan transmission profiles confirmed the colloidal stability of the formulations under stress conditions. The texture profile analysis of Parsol-SLN and Parsol-SLN-Si revealed semi-solid properties (e.g. adhesiveness, hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess, chewiness, resilience) suitable for topical application, together with the bioadhesiveness in the skin of pig ears. The non-irritation profile of the hybrid nanoparticles before and after dispersion into Carbopol hydrogels was confirmed by HET-CAM test.

Published
2020
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6. Ibuprofen nanocrystals developed by 22 factorial design experiment: A new approach for poorly water-soluble drugs

Author

A.R. Fernandes, N.R. Ferreira, J.F. Fangueiro, A.C. Santos, F.J. Veiga, C. Cabral, A.M. Silva, and E.B. Souto

Subjects
Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

The reduction of the particle size of drugs of pharmaceutical interest down to the nano-sized range has dramatically changed their physicochemical properties. The greatest disadvantage of nanocrystals is their inherent instability, due to the risk of crystal growth. Thus, the selection of an appropriate stabilizer is crucial to obtain long-term physicochemically stable nanocrystals. High pressure homogenization has enormous advantages, including the possibility of scaling up, lack of organic solvents and the production of small particles diameter with low polydispersity index. The sequential use of high shear homogenization followed by high pressure homogenization, can modulate nanoparticles’ size for different administration routes. The present study focuses on the optimization of the production process of two formulations composed of different surfactants produced by High Shear Homogenization followed by hot High Pressure Homogenization. To build up the surface response charts, a 22 full factorial design experiment, based on 2 independent variables, was used to develop optimized formulations. The effects of the production process on the mean particle size and polydispersity index were evaluated. The best ibuprofen nanocrystal formulations were obtained using 0.20% Tween 80 and 1.20% PVP K30 (F1) and 0.20% Tween 80 and 1.20% Span 80 (F2). The estimation of the long-term stability of the aqueous suspensions of ibuprofen nanocrystals was studied using the LUMISizer. The calculated instability index suggests that F1 was more stable when stored at 4 °C and 22 °C, whereas F2 was shown to be more stable when freshly prepared. Keywords: Factorial design, Nanocrystals, High pressure homogenization, Physicochemical stability, Ibuprofen, Surfactants

Published
2017
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7. d-α-tocopherol nanoemulsions: Size properties, rheological behavior, surface tension, osmolarity and cytotoxicity

Author

M.C. Teixeira, P. Severino, T. Andreani, P. Boonme, A. Santini, A.M. Silva, and E.B. Souto

Subjects
d-α-tocopherol, Nanoemulsions, High-pressure homogenization, Rheology, Osmolarity, Surface tension, Caco-2-cells, Cytotoxicity, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

The aim of this study was the assessment of the physicochemical stability of d-α-tocopherol formulated in medium chain triglyceride nanoemulsions, stabilized with Tween®80 and Lipoid®S75 as surfactant and co-surfactant, respectively. d-α-tocopherol was selected as active ingredient because of its well-recognized interesting anti-oxidant properties (such as radical scavenger) for food and pharmaceutical industries. A series of nanoemulsions of mean droplet size below 90 nm (polydispersity index

Published
2017
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8. Respiratory sleep disturbance in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis

Author

A.M. Silva, A. Descalço, M. Salgueiro, L. Pereira, C. Barreto, T. Bandeira, and R. Ferreira

Subjects
Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

Sleep disturbance has been described in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients as relevant to clinical and lung function predictive factors helping to improve the diagnosis and early intervention. Related paediatric studies are scarce. Objective: To describe respiratory sleep disturbance (RSD) and its association with spirometric indices in a population of CF children. A second aim was to determine if spirometric indices and wake-time SpO2 are predictors of sleep disturbance. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 33CF paediatric patients. All participants underwent in-lab polysomnography (PSG), pulse oximetry and spirometry. A standardized sleep questionnaire was completed for each patient. Two subgroups were considered: I â Normal (FEV1 > â1.64 z-score); II â Obstructed (FEV1 â¤Â â1.64 z-score). Results: Participant's median age was 12 (6â18) years, 16 (48.5%) were male. Twenty-nine patients (87.9%) presented sleep complaints. Sleep efficiency was reduced; sleep latency and waking after sleep onset (WASO) increased. N1 increased, N2, N3, REM and awakenings were normal. The apnoeaâhypopnoea index was 0.6/h (sd 0.9); respiratory disturbance index (RDI) was 6.6/h (sd 5.2). Mean awaking (97% (sd 1.1)) and sleep SpO2 (95% (sd 2.7)) were normal; mean nocturnal oximetry desaturation index was 2.36/h; minimal nocturnal SpO2 was 89% (sd 4.1).We found associations between mean nocturnal SPO2 and mean values of FEV1 (r = 0.528; p = 0.002) and FEF25â75 (r = 0.426; p = 0.013). There were significant differences in nocturnal SpO2 between normal and obstructed patients (pÂ

Published
2016
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9. Expressão gênica de adipocinas em ovelhas alimentadas com resíduos da indústria do biodiesel da mamona

Author

S.S. Duarte, M.A. Gomes-Filho, D.M.F. Silva, L.M. Silva, C.H.A. Oliveira, F.V. Rodrigues, A.M. Silva, C.C.L. Fernandes, C.M.G. Silva, and D. Rondina

Subjects
ovino, tecido adiposo, reprodução, adipocinas, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract

A expressão de RNAm para leptina, receptor de leptina (obRb), adiponectina, receptor de adiponectina (AdipoR1) e resistina foi avaliada por meio da técnica de PCR em tempo real, em tecidos ovariano, hipofisário, adiposo do omento e da região perirrenal, em ovelhas alimentadas sem farelo de mamona ou com farelo de mamona detoxificada durante 14 meses. O tipo de dieta não afetou os níveis de RNAm para leptina, obRb, adiponectina, AdipoR1 e resistina nos diferentes tecidos avaliados (P>0,05). Nos tecidos ovariano e hipofisário, não foi verificada a expressão da adiponecina e da resistina, respectivamente. Como consequência, pode-se concluir que o farelo de mamona detoxificada pode ser utilizado como fonte proteica na dieta de ovelhas, sem afetar a expressão do gene resistina e dos genes leptina e adiponectina, bem como de seus receptores.

Published
2014
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10. Qualidade do leite cru refrigerado sob inspeção federal na região Nordeste

Author

A.C. Ribeiro Neto, S.B.P. Barbosa, R.B. Jatobá, A.M. Silva, C.X. Silva, M.J.A. Silva, and K.R. Santoro

Subjects
gordura, proteína, qualidade do leite, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract

Estudou-se a influência sazonal sobre a composição química, a contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e a contagem bacteriana total (CBT) de leite cru refrigerado em vários estados da região Nordeste. Os dados foram obtidos de 116.989 amostras de leite de tanques coletadas pelas indústrias com cadastro no serviço de inspeção federal. As amostras foram separadas em três períodos (I, II, III), de acordo com aplicação da Instrução Normativa-51 (IN-51). O teor de gordura, média de 3,7%, foi o componente do leite que apresentou maior variação. Proteína e lactose tiveram amplitude de 0,04% entre os períodos e apresentaram médias de 3,2 e 4,4%, respectivamente. Maiores valores de CCS foram observados entre os meses de maio e julho, 594,33 a 625,28 mil cel/mL, enquanto para CBT os maiores valores ocorreram nos meses de maio e junho, 1308,54 e 1333,83 UFC/mL. Observaram-se diferenças significativas nos componentes do leite entre os estados, principalmente no que se refere à qualidade higiênico-sanitária.

Published
2012
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11. Exposição ao fumo do tabaco (EFT) e morbilidade respiratória em crianças em idade escolar

Author

C. Constant, I. Sampaio, F. Negreiro, P. Aguiar, A.M. Silva, M. Salgueiro, and T. Bandeira

Subjects
Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

Resumo: Introdução: A exposição ao fumo do tabaco (EFT) é factor de risco para Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crónica e um problema major de saúde pública. A EFT pré e/ou pós-natal determina redução precoce da função pulmonar e aumento da morbilidade respiratória, dependente da dose. Tem sido sugerido que a EFT domiciliária é influenciada por factores socioeconómicos. Métodos: Estudo de rastreio epidemiológico transversal de dados de 313 crianças (52% rapazes) de 4 Escolas Básicas de Lisboa [1.° ano (54%) e 4.° ano]. A EFT e sintomatologia respiratória foram avaliadas a partir de questionário auto-preenchido pelos pais. Todas as crianças efectuaram espirometria na escola e 54% foram consideradas aceitáveis de acordo com critérios ATS/ERS. Efectuou-se análise descritiva e bivariada das variáveis com maior interesse e análise de regressão logística múltipla ajustada para as variáveis com significado clínico/estatístico. Resultados: Em 41% dos casos a criança convivia com fumadores no domicílio (EFT na gravidez 18%, mãe fumadora 32%, pai fumador 38%). Os pais fumadores tinham escolaridade inferior e ocupações menos qualificadas. Tosse foi mais frequente nas crianças com mãe fumadora (OR ajustado = 2,1 95%CI 1,1â4,0) e sibilância nas crianças com EFT na gravidez e com mãe/pai fumadores. Todas as diferenças foram significativas (p <  0,05). Não se encontrou associação entre educação parental e sintomatologia respiratória ou ETF e infecções respiratórias/asma/diminuição de valores espirométricos. Conclusão: A EFT é frequente em crianças em idade escolar em Lisboa e condiciona morbilidade respiratória significativa. Intervenções dirigidas devem ter em conta condições sociais. Neste estudo a espirometria de campo foi pouco útil na detecção precoce de diminuição da função pulmonar em crianças associada à EFT. Abstract: Introduction: Tobacco smoke is a risk factor for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and a major public health problem. Prenatal maternal smoking and post-natal environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) lead to dose-dependent decrease in lung function and respiratory morbidity. Influence of different socioeconomic indicators and ETS in the home has also been suggested. Methods: Data on 313 children (52% male) from 4 public schools in Lisbon was analyzed [1st (46%) and 4th graders]. ETS assessment and respiratory symptoms were based on a self-answered questionnaire. All children performed standard spirometry in the school setting and 54% were acceptable according to ATS/ERS criteria. Descriptive and bivariate analysis of the most relevant variables was done, followed by multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted to the variables with clinical/statistical relevance. Results: ETS in the home was found in 41% (maternal smoking during pregnancy 18%, smoking mother 32%, smoking father 38%). Smoking fathers had lower education and less qualified occupation. Cough was more frequent in children with a smoking mother (adjusted OR = 2.1 95CI 1.1â4.0) and wheezing in children with maternal smoking during pregnancy and smoking parents. All differences were significant (pÂ

Published
2011
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12. Haematological and biochemical parameters in Churra-da-Terra-Quente ewes from the northeast of Portugal Parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos de ovelhas da raça Churra da Terra Quente do nordeste de Portugal

Author

I.R. Dias, C.A. Viegas, A.M. Silva, H.F. Pereira, C.P. Sousa, P.P. Carvalho, A.S. Cabrita, P.J. Fontes, S.R. Silva, and J.M.T. Azevedo

Subjects
ovelha, Churra da Terra Quente, parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos, eletrólitos, hormônio da tiroide, ewe, Portuguese Churra-da-Terra-Quente, hematological and biochemical parameters, electrolytes, thyroid hormone, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract

Hematological and biochemical parameters, including plasma electrolytes and thyroid hormones, were determined in 73 clinically healthy Churra-da-Terra-Quente ewes, a typical breed from the northeast of Portugal. The hemogram values were: erythrocytes 9.8±1.5×10(12)/L; haemoglobin 118.1±19.1g/L; haematocrit 40.8±5.9%; leukocytes 5.7±1.8×10(9)/L; and platelets 544.3±177.2×10(9)/L. The thrombin time was 17.3±1.7 seconds. The values of biochemical parameters were: total protein 76.4±6.1g/L; glucose 2.87±0.60mmol/L; total cholesterol 1.65±0.33mmol/L; aspartate aminotransferase 155.9±49.2U/L; alanine aminotransferase 23.2±9.6U/L; γ-glutamyl transferase 48.0±18.7U/L; total alkaline phosphatase 121.6±76.1U/L; glutamate dehydrogenase 6.4±3.7U/L; urea 7.32±2.22mmol/L; creatinine 123.0±54.1μmol/L; total calcium 2.53±0.25mmol/L; phosphorus 2.10±0.46mmol/L; magnesium 1.01±0.09mmol/L; sodium 152.04±3.65mmol/L; potassium 4.7±0.4mmol/L; ionized calcium 1.32±0.07mmol/L; total thyroxine 111.75±42.29nmol/L; total triiodothyronine 1.01±0.28nmol/L; free T4 11.93±1.78pmol/L; free T3 4.22±1.33pmol/L; and thyroid-stimulating hormone 0.18±0.19μIU/mL. Although differences among the Churra-da-Terra-Quente breed and other breeds may occur, the hematological and biochemical parameters, plasma electrolytes, and thyroid hormones, for this indigenous breed, were generally situated within the reference intervals previously reported for sheep.Os valores hematológicos e bioquímicos, incluindo os eletrólitos plasmáticos e os hormônios da tireoide, foram determinados em 73 ovelhas, clinicamente saudáveis, da raça Churra da Terra Quente, raça ovina característica do nordeste de Portugal. Os valores obtidos para o hemograma foram: eritrócitos 9,8±1,5×10(12) /L; hemoglobina 118,1±19,1g/L; hematócrito 40,8±5,9%; leucócitos 5,7±1,8×10(9) /L e plaquetas 544,3±177,2×10(9)/L. O tempo de trombina foi de 17,3±1,7 segundos. Os valores dos parâmetros bioquímicos avaliados foram: proteínas totais 76,4±6,1g/L; glicose 2,87±0,60mmol/L; colesterol total 1,65±0,33mmol/L; aspartato amino transferase 155,9±49,2U/L; alanina amino transferase 23,2±9,6U/L; gama-glutamil transferase 48,0±18,7U/L; fosfatase alcalina total 121,6±76,1U/L; glutamato desidrogenase 6,4±3,7U/L; ureia 7,32±2,22mmol/L; creatinina 123,0±54,1μmol/L; cálcio total 2,53±0,25mmol/L; fósforo 2,10±0,46mmol/L e magnésio 1,01±0,09mmol/L; sódio 152,04±3,65mmol/L; potássio 4,7±0,4mmol/L e cálcio ionizado 1,32±0,07mmol/L; tiroxina total 111,75±42,29nmol/L; tri-iodotironina total 1,01±0,28nmol/L; T4 livre 11,93±1,78pmol/L; T3 livre 4,22±1,33pmol/L e hormônio estimulante da tireoide 0,18±0,19μIU/mL. Apesar de terem sido observadas algumas diferenças entre a raça Churra da Terra Quente e outras raças, os valores hematológicos e bioquímicos, eletrólitos plasmáticos e hormônios da tireóide, desta raça autóctone apresentam-se no geral situados dentro dos intervalos de referência publicados para a espécie ovina.

Published
2010
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14. Role of the caudal pressor area in the regulation of sympathetic vasomotor tone

Author

R.R. Campos, B.A. Carillo, E.B. Oliveira-Sales, A.M. Silva, N.F. Silva, H.A. Futuro Neto, and C.T. Bergamaschi

Subjects
Rostral ventrolateral medulla, Rat, Glutamate, Blood pressure, Caudal pressor area, Sympathetic vasomotor tone, Medicine (General), R5-920, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

It is well known that the ventrolateral medulla contains neurons involved in the tonic and reflex control of the cardiovascular system. Two regions within the ventrolateral medulla were initially identified: the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM). Activation of the RVLM raises arterial blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity, and activation of the CVLM causes opposite effects. The RVLM premotor neurons project directly to sympathetic preganglionic neurons and are involved in the maintenance of resting sympathetic vasomotor tone. A significant proportion of tonic activity in the RVLM sympathetic premotor neurons is driven by neurons located in a third region of the ventrolateral medulla denominated caudal pressor area (CPA). The CPA is a pressor region located at the extreme caudal part of the ventrolateral medulla that appears to have an important role controlling the activity of RVLM neurons. In this brief review, we will address the importance of the ventrolateral medulla neurons for the generation of resting sympathetic tone related to arterial blood pressure control focusing on two regions, the RVLM and the CPA.

Published
2008

15. Association of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens: minimizes the adverse effects of necrotic enteritis in the gastrointestinal tract and improves zootechnical performance in broiler chickens

Author

Romário A. Rodrigues, Leandro A.M. Silva, Heloisa C. Brugnera, Natália Pereira, Mariana F. Casagrande, Lilian C. Makino, Caio R.S. Bragança, Rubén Pablo Schocken-Iturrino, and Marita V. Cardozo

Subjects
Bacillus spp., coccidiosis, growth performance, gut function, one health, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency and capacity of the probiotic composed of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, in improving the zootechnical performance of broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria spp. and Clostridium perfringens. The broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design in poultry isolators (12 birds each), resulting in 3 treatments: T1 (control, no challenge and no Bacillus in diet), T2 (challenged with Eimeria spp., followed by Clostridium perfringens infection and no Bacillus in the diet), and T3 (challenged with Eimeria spp., Clostridium perfringens and treated with Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens). They were evaluated for a period of 29 d, divided into preinitial (1–7 d of age), initial (8–21 d), and growth (22–29 d) phases. Assessments of body weight, weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion were conducted, along with the classification of the scores and optical microscopy of the tract gastrointestinal. The animals challenged and treated with the probiotic containing Bacillus spp. showed improved indicators of zootechnical performance. Additionally, the animals challenged and treated (T3) had a better score for intestinal lesions compared to the other treatment groups. Therefore, the probiotic consisting of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens could be considered an effective option for disease prevention and improving the zootechnical performance of broiler chickens

Published
2024
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18. Analytical methodologies used for screening micro(nano)plastics in (eco)toxicity tests

Author

Ana L. Patrício Silva, Sara A.M. Silva, Armando Duarte, Damià Barceló, and Teresa Rocha-Santos

Subjects
Haemocytometry, Flow Cytometry Microscopy/Imaging, Confocal Raman Microscopy, Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Technology, Analytical chemistry, QD71-142
Abstract

Micro(nano)plastics accumulate in natural environments worldwide, threatening biota, ecosystem functions, and services. In the last decade, there has been a substantial increase in the number of ecotoxicity studies to address the potential effects of micro(nano)plastics, including their plasticisers and adsorbed hazardous substances. Their environmental relevance has been under scrutiny due to the non-environmentally relevant testing conditions besides the lack of a proper characterization of the particles under study (e.g., size range, surface properties, crystallinity, chemical composition, including additives compounds), thus compromising the significance of the risk assessment and management strategies.This paper reviews the analytical methodologies applied in ecotoxicity tests for identifying, quantifying, and eventual characterising micro(nano)plastics before, during (monitoring), and after exposure, addressing their advantages and limitations. It also discusses emerging and cost-efficient methodologies that may speed up the detection and quantification of micro(nano)plastics and motivate their characterization for a deeper understanding of the underlying (eco)toxicity mechanisms.

Published
2022
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19. Bloqueio do plexo braquial em um tamanduá-mirim (Tamandua tetradactyla) utilizando estimulador de nervos periféricos: relato de caso

Author

A.M. Silva, K.F. Silva, L.M. Santos, L.B.S. Azuaga, P.H.A. Jardim, V. B. Albuquerque, and F.O. Frazílio

Subjects
bloqueio nervoso, anestesia locorregional, membro torácico, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract

RESUMO Objetivou-se relatar a utilização do neurolocalizador para bloqueio do plexo braquial bilateral em tamanduá-mirim (Tamandua tetradactyla). O animal, pesando 5kg, atendido pelo Centro de Reabilitação de Animais Silvestres, foi encaminhado ao Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul para realização de exames complementares, sendo, posteriormente, encaminhado para cirurgia de osteossíntese de úmero e rádio/ulna esquerdo e colocação de fio de cerclagem em olécrano direito. O paciente foi pré-medicado com cetamina S (5mg/kg) + midazolam (0,15mg/kg), indução anestésica com propofol (5mg/kg) e manutenção anestésica com isoflurano, com o auxílio de máscara. Os parâmetros cardiovasculares e respiratórios foram monitorados durante todo o procedimento. Realizou-se o bloqueio do plexo braquial em ambos os membros utilizando-se estimulador de nervos periféricos. Os anestésicos locais empregados foram lidocaína 2% sem vasoconstritor (3mg/kg) + ropivacaína 0,75% sem vasoconstritor (1mg/kg). O bloqueio foi realizado primeiramente no membro torácico direito, e, após realização do procedimento cirúrgico, o mesmo bloqueio foi realizado no membro contralateral. O paciente teve recuperação tranquila ausente de vocalização e expressão álgica, e a soltura ocorreu após 120 dias.

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20. Diagnostic performance of a commercial ELISA used as a complementary test for bovine tuberculosis in two bovine herds with different disease status

Author

P.M. Soares Filho, A.K. Ramalho, A.M. Silva, M.A. Issa, P.M.P.C. Mota, C.H.O. Silva, A.C.C.L. Ribeiro, J.K.P. Rei, and R.C. Leite

Subjects
comparative cervical tuberculin test, tuberculosis serology, diagnostic test evaluation, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract

ABSTRACT Bovine tuberculosis is a worldwide spread zoonotic disease. Intradermal tuberculinizations are the most used diagnostic tests in the world. Serological tests can be an ancillary diagnosis for bovine tuberculosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the ELISA Mycobacterium Bovis Antibody Test Kit IDEXX ™ in infected herds, which were in different disease control stages. One hundred and twenty animals from two dairy herds of Minas Gerais state, Brazil, were subjected to the ELISA serological test and the comparative cervical tuberculin test (CCT). Diagnostic test parameters were estimated using Bayesian latent class models and concordance between tests estimated by the frequentist approach. The ELISA test presented lower sensitivity than CCT in both herds. Its sensitivity was higher in the herd in sanitation process. Specificity estimates were above 95% in both herds. Kappa index indicated low concordance or even disagreement between tests. According to the results, the ELISA IDEXX should not be used as substitution for CCT. The tests must not be associated in series. Parallel association increased diagnostic sensitivity in the herd which was in the process of sanitation.

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23. Implementing nitrogen multiple breath washout as a clinical tool – A feasibility study

Author

Andreia Descalço, Celeste Barreto, Teresa Bandeira, Luísa Pereira, A.M. Silva, and Carolina Constant

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, RC705-779, Nitrogen, business.industry, Lung Clearance Index, medicine.disease, Cystic fibrosis, Respiratory Function Tests, Lung clearance index, Diseases of the respiratory system, Primary ciliary dyskinesia, Forced Expiratory Volume, Anesthesia, Feasibility Studies, Humans, Medicine, Multiple breath washout, business, Children, MULTIPLE BREATH WASHOUT
Published
2021

24. Diseño de una prueba de equilibrio con características contextuales para adultos mayores

Author

Maria Giné-Garriga, A.M. Silva Artunduaga, M.L. Alfonso Mora, and S.F. Pedraza Vargas

Subjects
030506 rehabilitation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, 0305 other medical science, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Resumen Antecedentes La perdida de equilibrio en los adultos mayores es multifactorial y aumenta el riesgo de caidas en esta poblacion. Existen pruebas para evaluar el equilibrio, sin embargo, se centran en la evaluacion de una sola tarea, en entornos estaticos, sin considerar las demandas del control postural en situaciones de la vida cotidiana, como la interaccion de la persona con el contexto y las actividades multitarea. Objetivo Disenar y validar una prueba de equilibrio para adultos mayores con caracteristicas contextuales. Materiales y metodo Se desarrollo una metodologia de recoleccion de datos mixta, con un diseno metodologico exploratorio secuencial DEXPLOX derivativo de un diseno de triangulacion concurrente DITRIAC. Resultados Los resultados hallados en las primeras 3 fases permitieron construir los items de la prueba de evaluacion de equilibrio, luego se realizo la primera validacion de expertos, con un coeficiente kappa de Fleiss de 0,4 y una validez de contenido de Lawshe de 0,95. La segunda validacion por expertos dio como resultado en la validez facial una fuerza de concordancia interevaluadores excelente y una validez de contenido de Lawshe en relevancia de 0,95 y en pertinencia de 0,97. Conclusiones La prueba disenada ha demostrado caracteristicas de validez fuertes y puede ser aplicada en adultos mayores, pues se incluyen items que exigen respuestas somatosensoriales, como las que se realizan en las actividades de la vida diaria e items con actividades de doble tarea cognitivas en el contexto real.

Published
2021

25. Spinal myoclonus: Is it an anesthetic mystery?

Author

R.M. Silva, I.G. Morais, A.V. Almeida, O.M. Pereira, A.M. Silva, and E.C. Sá

Subjects
03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030202 anesthesiology, General Medicine, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Published
2020

26. Mioclonía espinal: ¿un misterio anestésico? ¡Se acepta el reto!

Author

O.M. Pereira, A.V. Almeida, E.C. Sá, A.M. Silva, I.G. Morais, and R.M. Silva

Subjects
Bupivacaine, Unbearable Pain, business.industry, Perioperative, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Spinal cord, Perineum, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030202 anesthesiology, Anesthesia, Hip replacement, medicine, Rocuronium, business, Adverse effect, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract

The goal is to present a descriptive study related an unprecedent case of spinal myoclonus (SM) following subarachnoid anesthesia (SA). SM are sudden, brief, involuntary non-generalized spasms that can be an adverse effect of drug administration via neuraxial routes. Female, 67y, ASA II, proposed for hip replacement surgery, with normal preoperative exams. 7min after SA with 10mg of bupivacaine 0,5%, no motor blockade observed, and patient complained of unbearable pain in legs and perineum and bilateral, asymmetrical and arrhythmic myoclonic movements in the lower limbs. The latter solved after 48h of general anesthesia and rocuronium perfusion, amongst other therapeutics. Accordingly, intrathecal bupivacaine appears to be the SM most likely cause, regarding the absence of neurologic and electrolyte disorders, spinal cord direct trauma, drug exchange and normal perioperative examination, imaging and laboratory testing.It is mandatory to always take the patients' anaesthetic histories and recognize, treat and report rare anaesthetic complications.

Published
2020

28. Effects of blue, orange and white lights on growth, chlorophyll fluorescence, and phycocyanin production of Arthrospira platensis cultures

Author

G. Chini Zittelli, G. Mugnai, M. Milia, B. Cicchi, A.M. Silva Benavides, A. Angioni, P. Addis, and G. Torzillo

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Arthrospira platensis, Phycocyanin, Light spectra, macromolecular substances, Chlorophyll fluorescence, Cyanobacteria, 01 natural sciences, Agronomy and Crop Science, 030304 developmental biology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different light colors on growth, pigment composition, and photosynthetic performance of Arthrospira platensis. Results showed that under orange light the biomass productivity increased due to the capability of A. platensis to fully absorb this portion of the light spectrum. Under blue light, phycocyanin increased continuously up to 13.2% +/- 1.96 of dry weight at day 5, while under orange and white lights the phycocyanin content resulted lower, 7.1 +/- 0.39 and 6.7% +/- 1.58 of dry weight, respectively. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements showed the maximum electron transport rate (rETR(max)) in cells grown under orange light. The results of this study indicated that the orange light increased both growth and phycocyanin productivities, while blue light increased mostly the phycocyanin content, while biomass productivity was much lower. Further increase of phycocyanin content was observed shifting the light illuminating the cultures from orange to blue, attaining a raise in phycocyanin content from 8.6% to 12.5% of dry weight within 48 h from the start of the illumination with blue light. Within the same period of time no growth was observed indicating that the synthesis of phycocyanin can be decoupled from growth. This study provides useful physiological information regarding the effects of different light spectra on growth, phycocyanin, and photosynthetic performance, as a prerequisite to optimize the production of high value pigments from cultures of A. platensis.

Published
2022

30. Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight

Author

Iurilli, M.L.C. Zhou, B. Bennett, J.E. Carrillo-Larco, R.M. Sophiea, M.K. Rodriguez-Martinez, A. Bixby, H. Solomon, B.D. Taddei, C. Danaei, G. Di Cesare, M. Stevens, G.A. Riley, L.M. Savin, S. Cowan, M.J. Bovet, P. Damasceno, A. Chirita-Emandi, A. Hayes, A.J. Ikeda, N. Jackson, R.T. Khang, Y.-H. Laxmaiah, A. Liu, J. Miranda, J.J. Saidi, O. Sebert, S. Sorić, M. Starc, G. Gregg, E.W. Abarca-Gómez, L. Abdeen, Z.A. Abdrakhmanova, S. Ghaffar, S.A. Rahim, H.F.A. Abu-Rmeileh, N.M. Garba, J.A. Acosta-Cazares, B. Adams, R.J. Aekplakorn, W. Afsana, K. Afzal, S. Agdeppa, I.A. Aghazadeh-Attari, J. Aguilar-Salinas, C.A. Agyemang, C. Ahmad, M.H. Ahmad, N.A. Ahmadi, A. Ahmadi, N. Ahmed, S.H. Ahrens, W. Aitmurzaeva, G. Ajlouni, K. Al-Hazzaa, H.M. Al-Lahou, B. Al-Raddadi, R. Alarouj, M. AlBuhairan, F. AlDhukair, S. Ali, M.M. Alkandari, A. Alkerwi, A. Allin, K. Alvarez-Pedrerol, M. Aly, E. Amarapurkar, D.N. Amiri, P. Amougou, N. Amouyel, P. Andersen, L.B. Anderssen, S.A. Ängquist, L. Anjana, R.M. Ansari-Moghaddam, A. Aounallah-Skhiri, H. Araújo, J. Ariansen, I. Aris, T. Arku, R.E. Arlappa, N. Aryal, K.K. Aspelund, T. Assah, F.K. Assunção, M.C.F. Aung, M.S. Auvinen, J. Mária Avdicová Avi, S. Azevedo, A. Azimi-Nezhad, M. Azizi, F. Azmin, M. Babu, B.V. Bæksgaard Jørgensen, M. Baharudin, A. Bahijri, S. Baker, J.L. Balakrishna, N. Bamoshmoosh, M. Banach, M. Bandosz, P. Banegas, J.R. Baran, J. Barbagallo, C.M. Barceló, A. Barkat, A. Barros, A.J.D. Barros, M.V.G. Basit, A. Bastos, J.L.D. Bata, I. Batieha, A.M. Batista, R.L. Battakova, Z. Batyrbek, A. Baur, L.A. Beaglehole, R. Bel-Serrat, S. Belavendra, A. Romdhane, H.B. Benedics, J. Benet, M. Bergh, I.H. Berkinbayev, S. Bernabe-Ortiz, A. Bernotiene, G. Bettiol, H. Bezerra, J. Bhagyalaxmi, A. Bharadwaj, S. Bhargava, S.K. Bhutta, Z.A. Bi, H. Bi, Y. Bia, D. Lele, E.C.B. Bikbov, M.M. Bista, B. Bjelica, D.J. Bjerregaard, P. Bjertness, E. Bjertness, M.B. Björkelund, C. Bloch, K.V. Blokstra, A. Bo, S. Bobak, M. Boddy, L.M. Boehm, B.O. Boeing, H. Boggia, J.G. Bogova, E. Boissonnet, C.P. Bojesen, S.E. Bonaccio, M. Bongard, V. Bonilla-Vargas, A. Bopp, M. Borghs, H. Braeckevelt, L. Braeckman, L. Bragt, M.C.E. Brajkovich, I. Branca, F. Breckenkamp, J. Breda, J. Brenner, H. Brewster, L.M. Brian, G.R. Brinduse, L. Brophy, S. Bruno, G. Bueno-de-Mesquita, H.B. Bugge, A. Buoncristiano, M. Burazeri, G. Burns, C. de León, A.C. Cacciottolo, J. Cai, H. Cama, T. Cameron, C. Camolas, J. Can, G. Candido, A.P.C. Cañete, F. Capanzana, M.V. Capková, N. Capuano, E. Capuano, V. Cardol, M. Cardoso, V.C. Carlsson, A.C. Carmuega, E. Carvalho, J. Casajús, J.A. Casanueva, F.F. Celikcan, E. Censi, L. Cervantes-Loaiza, M. Cesar, J.A. Chamukuttan, S. Chan, A.W. Chan, Q. Chaturvedi, H.K. Chaturvedi, N. Rahim, N.C.A. Chee, M.L. Chen, C.-J. Chen, F. Chen, H. Chen, S. Chen, Z. Cheng, C.-Y. Cheraghian, B. Chetrit, A. Chikova-Iscener, E. Chiolero, A. Chiou, S.-T. Chirlaque, M.-D. Cho, B. Christensen, K. Christofaro, D.G. Chudek, J. Cifkova, R. Cilia, M. Cinteza, E. Claessens, F. Clarke, J. Clays, E. Cohen, E. Concin, H. Confortin, S.C. Cooper, C. Coppinger, T.C. Corpeleijn, E. Costanzo, S. Cottel, D. Cowell, C. Craig, C.L. Crampin, A.C. Crujeiras, A.B. Csilla, S. Cucu, A.M. Cui, L. Cureau, F.V. Czenczek-Lewandowska, E. D’Arrigo, G. d’Orsi, E. Dacica, L. Dal Re Saavedra, M.A. Dallongeville, J. Damsgaard, C.T. Dankner, R. Dantoft, T.M. Dasgupta, P. Dastgiri, S. Dauchet, L. Davletov, K. De Backer, G. De Bacquer, D. de Gaetano, G. De Henauw, S. de Oliveira, P.D. De Ridder, D. De Ridder, K. de Rooij, S.R. De Smedt, D. Deepa, M. Deev, A.D. DeGennaro, V., Jr Dehghan, A. Delisle, H. Delpeuch, F. Demarest, S. Dennison, E. Dereń, K. Deschamps, V. Dhimal, M. Di Castelnuovo, A.F. Dias-da-Costa, J.S. Díaz-Sánchez, M.E. Diaz, A. Dika, Z. Djalalinia, S. Djordjic, V. Do, H.T.P. Dobson, A.J. Donati, M.B. Donfrancesco, C. Donoso, S.P. Döring, A. Dorobantu, M. Dorosty, A.R. Doua, K. Dragano, N. Drygas, W. Duan, J.L. Duante, C.A. Duboz, P. Duda, R.B. Duleva, V. Dulskiene, V. Dumith, S.C. Dushpanova, A. Dzerve, V. Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E. Eddie, R. Eftekhar, E. Egbagbe, E.E. Eggertsen, R. Eghtesad, S. Eiben, G. Ekelund, U. El-Khateeb, M. Ati, J.E. Eldemire-Shearer, D. Eliasen, M. Elliott, P. Engle-Stone, R. Enguerran, M. Erasmus, R.T. Erbel, R. Erem, C. Eriksen, L. Eriksson, J.G. Escobedo-de la Peña, J. Eslami, S. Esmaeili, A. Evans, A. Faeh, D. Fakhretdinova, A.A. Fall, C.H. Faramarzi, E. Farjam, M. Sant’Angelo, V.F. Farzadfar, F. Fattahi, M.R. Fawwad, A. Felix-Redondo, F.J. Ferguson, T.S. Fernandes, R.A. Fernández-Bergés, D. Ferrante, D. Ferrao, T. Ferrari, M. Ferrario, M.M. Ferreccio, C. Ferrer, E. Ferrieres, J. Figueiró, T.H. Fijalkowska, A. Fink, G. Fischer, K. Foo, L.H. Forsner, M. Fouad, H.M. Francis, D.K. Maria do Carmo Franco Frikke-Schmidt, R. Frontera, G. Fuchs, F.D. Fuchs, S.C. Fujiati, I.I. Fujita, Y. Fumihiko, M. Furusawa, T. Gaciong, Z. Gafencu, M. Galbarczyk, A. Galenkamp, H. Galeone, D. Galfo, M. Galvano, F. Gao, J. Garcia-de-la-Hera, M. García-Solano, M. Gareta, D. Garnett, S.P. Gaspoz, J.-M. Gasull, M. Gaya, A.C.A. Gaya, A.R. Gazzinelli, A. Gehring, U. Geiger, H. Geleijnse, J.M. Ghanbari, A. Ghasemi, E. Gheorghe-Fronea, O.-F. Giampaoli, S. Gianfagna, F. Gill, T.K. Giovannelli, J. Gironella, G. Giwercman, A. Gkiouras, K. Godos, J. Gogen, S. Goldberg, M. Goldsmith, R.A. Goltzman, D. Gómez, S.F. Gomula, A. da Silva, B.G.C. Gonçalves, H. Gonzalez-Chica, D.A. Gonzalez-Gross, M. González-Leon, M. González-Rivas, J.P. González-Villalpando, C. González-Villalpando, M.-E. Gonzalez, A.R. Gottrand, F. Graça, A.P. Graff-Iversen, S. Grafnetter, D. Grajda, A. Grammatikopoulou, M.G. Gregor, R.D. Grodzicki, T. Grøholt, E.K. Grøntved, A. Grosso, G. Gruden, G. Gu, D. Gualdi-Russo, E. Guallar-Castillón, P. Gualtieri, A. Gudmundsson, E.F. Gudnason, V. Guerrero, R. Guessous, I. Guimaraes, A.L. Gulliford, M.C. Gunnlaugsdottir, J. Gunter, M.J. Guo, X.-H. Guo, Y. Gupta, P.C. Gupta, R. Gureje, O. Gurzkowska, B. Gutiérrez-González, E. Gutierrez, L. Gutzwiller, F. Ha, S. Hadaegh, F. Hadjigeorgiou, C.A. Haghshenas, R. Hakimi, H. Halkjær, J. Hambleton, I.R. Hamzeh, B. Hange, D. Hanif, A.A.M. Hantunen, S. Hao, J. Kumar, R.H. Hashemi-Shahri, S.M. Hassapidou, M. Hata, J. Haugsgjerd, T. He, J. He, Y. He, Y. Heidinger-Felso, R. Heinen, M. Hejgaard, T. Hendriks, M.E. dos Santos Henrique, R. Henriques, A. Cadena, L.H. Herrala, S. Herrera, V.M. Herter-Aeberli, I. Heshmat, R. Hill, A.G. Ho, S.Y. Ho, S.C. Hobbs, M. Holdsworth, M. Homayounfar, R. Homs, C. Hopman, W.M. Horimoto, A.R.V.R. Hormiga, C.M. Horta, B.L. Houti, L. Howitt, C. Htay, T.T. Htet, A.S. Htike, M.M.T. Hu, Y. Huerta, J.M. Huhtaniemi, I.T. Huiart, L. Petrescu, C.H. Huisman, M. Husseini, A. Huu, C.N. Huybrechts, I. Hwalla, N. Hyska, J. Iacoviello, L. Ibarluzea, J.M. Ibrahim, M.M. Wong, N.I. Ikram, M.A. Iotova, V. Irazola, V.E. Ishida, T. Islam, M. Islam, S.M.S. Iwasaki, M. Jacobs, J.M. Jaddou, H.Y. Jafar, T. James, K. Jamil, K.M. Jamrozik, K. Janszky, I. Janus, E. Jarani, J. Jarvelin, M.-R. Jasienska, G. Jelakovic, A. Jelakovic, B. Jennings, G. Jha, A.K. Jiang, C.Q. Jimenez, R.O. Jöckel, K.-H. Joffres, M. Johansson, M. Jokelainen, J.J. Jonas, J.B. Jonnagaddala, J. Jørgensen, T. Joshi, P. Joukar, F. Jovic, D.P. Jóźwiak, J.J. Juolevi, A. Jurak, G. Simina, I.J. Juresa, V. Kaaks, R. Kaducu, F.O. Kafatos, A. Kajantie, E.O. Kalmatayeva, Z. Kalter-Leibovici, O. Kameli, Y. Kampmann, F.B. Kanala, K.R. Kannan, S. Kapantais, E. Karakosta, A. Kårhus, L.L. Karki, K.B. Katibeh, M. Katz, J. Katzmarzyk, P.T. Kauhanen, J. Kaur, P. Kavousi, M. Kazakbaeva, G.M. Keil, U. Boker, L.K. Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S. Kelishadi, R. Kelleher, C. Kemper, H.C.G. Kengne, A.P. Keramati, M. Kerimkulova, A. Kersting, M. Key, T. Khader, Y.S. Khalili, D. Khaw, K.-T. Kheiri, B. Kheradmand, M. Khosravi, A. Khouw, I.M.S.L. Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, U. Kiechl, S. Killewo, J. Kim, D.W. Kim, H.C. Kim, J. Kindblom, J.M. Klakk, H. Klimek, M. Klimont, J. Klumbiene, J. Knoflach, M. Koirala, B. Kolle, E. Kolsteren, P. König, J. Korpelainen, R. Korrovits, P. Korzycka, M. Kos, J. Koskinen, S. Kouda, K. Kovacs, V.A. Kowlessur, S. Koziel, S. Kratenova, J. Kratzer, W. Kriemler, S. Kristensen, P.L. Krokstad, S. Kromhout, D. Kruger, H.S. Kubinova, R. Kuciene, R. Kujala, U.M. Kujundzic, E. Kulaga, Z. Kumar, R.K. Kunešová, M. Kurjata, P. Kusuma, Y.S. Kuulasmaa, K. Kyobutungi, C. La, Q.N. Laamiri, F.Z. Laatikainen, T. Lachat, C. Laid, Y. Lam, T.H. Lambrinou, C.-P. Landais, E. Lanska, V. Lappas, G. Larijani, B. Latt, T.S. Lauria, L. Lazo-Porras, M. Le Coroller, G. Bao, K.L.N. Le Port, A. Le, T.D. Lee, J. Lee, J. Lee, P.H. Lehmann, N. Lehtimäki, T. Lemogoum, D. Levitt, N.S. Li, Y. Liivak, M. Lilly, C.L. Lim, W.-Y. Lima-Costa, M.F. Lin, H.-H. Lin, X. Lin, Y.-T. Lind, L. Linneberg, A. Lissner, L. Litwin, M. Liu, L. Lo, W.-C. Loit, H.-M. Long, K.Q. Lopes, L. Lopes, O. Lopez-Garcia, E. Lopez, T. Lotufo, P.A. Lozano, J.E. Lukrafka, J.L. Luksiene, D. Lundqvist, A. Lundqvist, R. Lunet, N. Lunogelo, C. Lustigová, M. Łuszczki, E. Ma, G. Ma, J. Ma, X. Machado-Coelho, G.L.L. Machado-Rodrigues, A.M. Macieira, L.M. Madar, A.A. Maggi, S. Magliano, D.J. Magnacca, S. Magriplis, E. Mahasampath, G. Maire, B. Majer, M. Makdisse, M. Mäki, P. Malekzadeh, F. Malekzadeh, R. Malhotra, R. Rao, K.M. Malyutina, S.K. Maniego, L.V. Manios, Y. Mann, J.I. Mansour-Ghanaei, F. Manzato, E. Margozzini, P. Markaki, A. Markey, O. Ioannidou, E.M. Marques-Vidal, P. Marques, L.P. Marrugat, J. Martin-Prevel, Y. Martin, R. Martorell, R. Martos, E. Maruszczak, K. Marventano, S. Mascarenhas, L.P. Masoodi, S.R. Mathiesen, E.B. Mathur, P. Matijasevich, A. Matsha, T.E. Mavrogianni, C. Mazur, A. Mbanya, J.C.N. McFarlane, S.R. McGarvey, S.T. McKee, M. McLachlan, S. McLean, R.M. McLean, S.B. McNulty, B.A. Benchekor, S.M. Medzioniene, J. Mehdipour, P. Mehlig, K. Mehrparvar, A.H. Meirhaeghe, A. Meisfjord, J. Meisinger, C. Menezes, A.M.B. Menon, G.R. Mensink, G.B.M. Menzano, M.T. Mereke, A. Meshram, I.I. Metspalu, A. Meyer, H.E. Mi, J. Michaelsen, K.F. Michels, N. Mikkel, K. Milkowska, K. Miller, J.C. Minderico, C.S. Mini, G.K. Miquel, J.F. Mirjalili, M.R. Mirkopoulou, D. Mirrakhimov, E. Mišigoj-Durakovic, M. Mistretta, A. Mocanu, V. Modesti, P.A. Moghaddam, S.S. Mohajer, B. Mohamed, M.K. Mohamed, S.F. Mohammad, K. Mohammadi, Z. Mohammadifard, N. Mohammadpourhodki, R. Mohan, V. Mohanna, S. Yusoff, M.F.M. Mohebbi, I. Mohebi, F. Moitry, M. Molbo, D. Møllehave, L.T. Møller, N.C. Molnár, D. Momenan, A. Mondo, C.K. Monroy-Valle, M. Monterrubio-Flores, E. Monyeki, K.D.K. Moon, J.S. Moosazadeh, M. Moreira, L.B. Morejon, A. Moreno, L.A. Morgan, K. Morin, S.N. Mortensen, E.L. Moschonis, G. Mossakowska, M. Mostafa, A. Mota-Pinto, A. Mota, J. Motlagh, M.E. Motta, J. Moura-dos-Santos, M.A. Mridha, M.K. Msyamboza, K.P. Mu, T.T. Muc, M. Mugoša, B. Muiesan, M.L. Mukhtorova, P. Müller-Nurasyid, M. Murphy, N. Mursu, J. Murtagh, E.M. Musa, K.I. Milanovic, S.M. Musil, V. Mustafa, N. Nabipour, I. Naderimagham, S. Nagel, G. Naidu, B.M. Najafi, F. Nakamura, H. Námešná, J. Nang, E.E.K. Nangia, V.B. Nankap, M. Narake, S. Nardone, P. Nauck, M. Neal, W.A. Nejatizadeh, A. Nekkantti, C. Nelis, K. Nelis, L. Nenko, I. Neovius, M. Nervi, F. Nguyen, C.T. Nguyen, N.D. Nguyen, Q.N. Nieto-Martínez, R.E. Nikitin, Y.P. Ning, G. Ninomiya, T. Nishtar, S. Noale, M. Noboa, O.A. Nogueira, H. Norat, T. Nordendahl, M. Nordestgaard, B.G. Noto, D. Nowak-Szczepanska, N. Al Nsour, M. Nuhoglu, I. Nurk, E. O’Neill, T.W. O’Reilly, D. Obreja, G. Ochimana, C. Ochoa-Avilés, A.M. Oda, E. Oh, K. Ohara, K. Ohlsson, C. Ohtsuka, R. Olafsson, O. Olinto, M.T.A. Oliveira, I.O. Omar, M.A. Onat, A. Ong, S.K. Ono, L.M. Ordunez, P. Ornelas, R. Ortiz, A.P. Ortiz, P.J. Osler, M. Osmond, C. Ostojic, S.M. Ostovar, A. Otero, J.A. Overvad, K. Owusu-Dabo, E. Paccaud, F.M. Padez, C. Pagkalos, I. Pahomova, E. de Paiva, K.M. Pajak, A. Palli, D. Palloni, A. Palmieri, L. Pan, W.-H. Panda-Jonas, S. Pandey, A. Panza, F. Papandreou, D. Park, S.-W. Park, S. Parnell, W.R. Parsaeian, M. Pascanu, I.M. Pasquet, P. Patel, N.D. Pecin, I. Pednekar, M.S. Peer, N. Pei, G. Peixoto, S.V. Peltonen, M. Pereira, A.C. Peres, M.A. Pérez-Farinós, N. Pérez, C.M. Peterkova, V. Peters, A. Petersmann, A. Petkeviciene, J. Petrauskiene, A. Pettenuzzo, E. Peykari, N. Pham, S.T. Pichardo, R.N. Pierannunzio, D. Pigeot, I. Pikhart, H. Pilav, A. Pilotto, L. Pistelli, F. Pitakaka, F. Piwonska, A. Pizarro, A.N. Plans-Rubió, P. Poh, B.K. Pohlabeln, H. Pop, R.M. Popovic, S.R. Porta, M. Posch, G. Poudyal, A. Poulimeneas, D. Pouraram, H. Pourfarzi, F. Pourshams, A. Poustchi, H. Pradeepa, R. Price, A.J. Price, J.F. Providencia, R. Puder, J.J. Pudule, I. Puhakka, S.E. Puiu, M. Punab, M. Qasrawi, R.F. Qorbani, M. Bao, T.Q. Radic, I. Radisauskas, R. Rahimikazerooni, S. Rahman, M. Rahman, M. Raitakari, O. Raj, M. Rakhimova, E. Rakhmatulloev, S. Rakovac, I. Rao, S.R. Ramachandran, A. Ramke, J. Ramos, E. Ramos, R. Rampal, L. Rampal, S. Rarra, V. Rascon-Pacheco, R.A. Rasmussen, M. Rech, C.R. Redon, J. Reganit, P.F.M. Regecová, V. Revilla, L. Rezaianzadeh, A. Ribas-Barba, L. Ribeiro, R. Riboli, E. Richter, A. Rigo, F. Rinaldo, N. de Wit, T.F.R. Rito, A. Ritti-Dias, R.M. Rivera, J.A. Robitaille, C. Roccaldo, R. Rodrigues, D. Rodríguez-Artalejo, F. del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, M. Rodríguez-Villamizar, L.A. Roggenbuck, U. Rojas-Martinez, R. Rojroongwasinkul, N. Romaguera, D. Romeo, E.L. Rosario, R.V. Rosengren, A. Rouse, I. Roy, J.G.R. Rubinstein, A. Rühli, F.J. Ruidavets, J.-B. Ruiz-Betancourt, B.S. Ruiz-Castell, M. Moreno, E.R. Rusakova, I.A. Jonsson, K.R. Russo, P. Rust, P. Rutkowski, M. Sabanayagam, C. Sacchini, E. Sachdev, H.S. Sadjadi, A. Safarpour, A.R. Safiri, S. Saki, N. Salanave, B. Martinez, E.S. Salmerón, D. Salomaa, V. Salonen, J.T. Salvetti, M. Samoutian, M. Sánchez-Abanto, J. Sans, S. Marina, L.S. Santos, D.A. Santos, I.S. Santos, L.C. Santos, M.P. Santos, O. Santos, R. Sanz, S.S. Saramies, J.L. Sardinha, L.B. Sarrafzadegan, N. Sathish, T. Saum, K.-U. Savva, S. Savy, M. Sawada, N. Sbaraini, M. Scazufca, M. Schaan, B.D. Rosario, A.S. Schargrodsky, H. Schienkiewitz, A. Schipf, S. Schmidt, C.O. Schmidt, I.M. Schnohr, P. Schöttker, B. Schramm, S. Schramm, S. Schröder, H. Schultsz, C. Schutte, A.E. Sein, A.A. Selamat, R. Sember, V. Sen, A. Senbanjo, I.O. Sepanlou, S.G. Sequera, V. Serra-Majem, L. Servais, J. Ševcíková, L. Shalnova, S.A. Shamah-Levy, T. Shamshirgaran, M. Shanthirani, C.S. Sharafkhah, M. Sharma, S.K. Shaw, J.E. Shayanrad, A. Shayesteh, A.A. Shengelia, L. Shi, Z. Shibuya, K. Shimizu-Furusawa, H. Shin, D.W. Shirani, M. Shiri, R. Shrestha, N. Si-Ramlee, K. Siani, A. Siantar, R. Sibai, A.M. Silva, A.M. Silva, D.A.S. Simon, M. Simons, J. Simons, L.A. Sjöberg, A. Sjöström, M. Skodje, G. Slowikowska-Hilczer, J. Slusarczyk, P. Smeeth, L. So, H.-K. Soares, F.C. Sobek, G. Sobngwi, E. Sodemann, M. Söderberg, S. Soekatri, M.Y.E. Soemantri, A. Sofat, R. Solfrizzi, V. Somi, M.H. Sonestedt, E. Song, Y. Sørensen, T.I.A. Sørgjerd, E.P. Jérome, C.S. Soto-Rojas, V.E. Soumaré, A. Sovic, S. Sparboe-Nilsen, B. Sparrenberger, K. Spinelli, A. Spiroski, I. Staessen, J.A. Stamm, H. Stathopoulou, M.G. Staub, K. Stavreski, B. Steene-Johannessen, J. Stehle, P. Stein, A.D. Stergiou, G.S. Stessman, J. Stevanovic, R. Stieber, J. Stöckl, D. Stocks, T. Stokwiszewski, J. Stoyanova, E. Stratton, G. Stronks, K. Strufaldi, M.W. Sturua, L. Suárez-Medina, S. Suka, M. Sun, C.-A. Sundström, J. Sung, Y.-T. Sunyer, J. Suriyawongpaisal, P. Swinburn, B.A. Sy, R.G. Syddall, H.E. Sylva, R.C. Szklo, M. Szponar, L. Tai, E.S. Tammesoo, M.-L. Tamosiunas, A. Tan, E.J. Tang, X. Tanrygulyyeva, M. Tanser, F. Tao, Y. Tarawneh, M.R. Tarp, J. Tarqui-Mamani, C.B. Braunerová, R.T. Taylor, A. Taylor, J. Tchibindat, F. Tebar, W.R. Tell, G.S. Tello, T. Tham, Y.C. Thankappan, K.R. Theobald, H. Theodoridis, X. Thijs, L. Thomas, N. Thuesen, B.H. Tichá, L. Timmermans, E.J. Tjonneland, A. Tolonen, H.K. Tolstrup, J.S. Topbas, M. Topór-Madry, R. Torheim, L.E. Tormo, M.J. Tornaritis, M.J. Torrent, M. Torres-Collado, L. Toselli, S. Touloumi, G. Traissac, P. Tran, T.T.-H. Trichopoulos, D. Trichopoulou, A. Trinh, D.T.H. Trivedi, A. Tshepo, L. Tsigga, M. Tsugane, S. Tuliakova, A.M. Tulloch-Reid, M.K. Tullu, F. Tuomainen, T.-P. Tuomilehto, J. Turley, M.L. Twig, G. Tynelius, P. Tzotzas, T. Tzourio, C. Ueda, P. Ugel, E. Ukoli, F.A.M. Ulmer, H. Unal, B. Usupova, Z. Uusitalo, H.M.T. Uysal, N. Vaitkeviciute, J. Valdivia, G. Vale, S. Valvi, D. van Dam, R.M. Van der Heyden, J. van der Schouw, Y.T. Van Herck, K. Van Minh, H. Van Schoor, N.M. van Valkengoed, I.G.M. Vanderschueren, D. Vanuzzo, D. Varbo, A. Varela-Moreiras, G. Varona-Pérez, P. Vasan, S.K. Vega, T. Veidebaum, T. Velasquez-Melendez, G. Velika, B. Veronesi, G. Verschuren, W.M.M. Victora, C.G. Viegi, G. Viet, L. Villalpando, S. Vineis, P. Vioque, J. Virtanen, J.K. Visser, M. Visvikis-Siest, S. Viswanathan, B. Vladulescu, M. Vlasoff, T. Vocanec, D. Vollenweider, P. Völzke, H. Voutilainen, A. Voutilainen, S. Vrijheid, M. Vrijkotte, T.G.M. Wade, A.N. Wagner, A. Waldhör, T. Walton, J. Wambiya, E.O.A. Bebakar, A.M.W. Mohamud, W.N.W. de Souza Wanderley Júnior, R. Wang, M.-D. Wang, N. Wang, Q. Wang, X. Wang, Y.X. Wang, Y.-W. Wannamethee, S.G. Wareham, N. Weber, A. Wedderkopp, N. Weerasekera, D. Weghuber, D. Wei, W. Weres, A. Werner, B. Whincup, P.H. Widhalm, K. Widyahening, I.S. Wiecek, A. Wilks, R.J. Willeit, J. Willeit, P. Williams, J. Wilsgaard, T. Wojtyniak, B. Wong-McClure, R.A. Wong, A. Wong, J.E. Wong, T.Y. Woo, J. Woodward, M. Wu, F.C. Wu, J. Wu, L.J. Wu, S. Xu, H. Xu, L. Yaacob, N.A. Yamborisut, U. Yan, W. Yang, L. Yang, X. Yang, Y. Yardim, N. Yaseri, M. Yasuharu, T. Ye, X. Yiallouros, P.K. Yoosefi, M. Yoshihara, A. You, Q.S. You, S.-L. Younger-Coleman, N.O. Yusof, S.M. Yusoff, A.F. Zaccagni, L. Zafiropulos, V. Zainuddin, A.A. Zakavi, S.R. Zamani, F. Zambon, S. Zampelas, A. Zamrazilová, H. Zapata, M.E. Zargar, A.H. Zaw, K.K. Zdrojewski, T. Zejglicova, K. Vrkic, T.Z. Zeng, Y. Zhang, L. Zhang, Z.-Y. Zhao, D. Zhao, M.-H. Zhao, W. Zhen, S. Zheng, W. Zheng, Y. Zholdin, B. Zhou, M. Zhu, D. Zins, M. Zitt, E. Zocalo, Y. Cisneros, J.Z. Zuziak, M. Ezzati, M. Filippi, S. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

Subjects
nutritional and metabolic diseases, sense organs, skin and connective tissue diseases
Abstract

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions. © Copyright.

Published
2021

32. A pilot metabolomics study of tuberculosis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

Author

Sebabrata Mahapatra, Kristofor J. Webb, Reem Almubarak, Samantha Bokatzian, John T. Belisle, Diane V. Havlir, Anne F Luetkemeyer, Michelle A. Kendall, Laura Hovind, Barbara Graham, Carlos A.M. Silva, Marisa Harton, Laura V. Ashton, and Mary Ann De Groote

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, Pilot Projects, urologic and male genital diseases, Bioinformatics, medicine.disease_cause, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Chromatography, Liquid, Pulmonary, General Medicine, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, 3. Good health, AIDS, Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology, Public Health and Health Services, HIV/AIDS, Female, Arachidonic acid, Infection, Adult, Microbiology (medical), Tuberculosis, Biosignature features, Anti-HIV Agents, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, 030106 microbiology, Microbiology, Article, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Rare Diseases, Metabolomics, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, Clinical Research, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, cardiovascular diseases, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, urogenital system, business.industry, fungi, IRIS, medicine.disease, Sphingolipid, Clinical trial, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Good Health and Well Being, chemistry, business, Chromatography, Liquid
Abstract

Background: Diagnosis of paradoxical tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) is challenging and new tools are needed for early diagnosis as well as to understand the biochemical events that underlie the pathology in TB-IRIS. Methods: Plasma samples were obtained from participants from a randomized HIV/TB treatment strategy study (AIDS Clinical Trials Group [ACTG] A5221) with (n = 26) and without TB-IRIS (n = 22) for an untargeted metabolomics pilot study by liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry. The metabolic profile of these participants was compared at the study entry and as close to the diagnosis of TB-IRIS as possible (TB-IRIS window). Molecular features with p

Published
2019

33. Physicochemical characteristics and gene expression of meat from does fed with dried carnauba wax palm fruit

Author

Stephen Rathinaraj Benjamin, A.M. Silva, C.H.A. Oliveira, César Carneiro Linhares Fernandes, Maria Izabel Florindo Guedes, and Davide Rondina

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Meat, Linoleic acid, food and beverages, Fatty acid, Quality, Biology, Loin, lcsh:S1-972, Palmitic acid, chemistry.chemical_compound, Genes, chemistry, Lipogenesis, Gene expression, Goat, Composition (visual arts), Food science, Fatty acids, lcsh:Agriculture (General), Carnauba wax, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract

This trial was carried out with the objective to evaluate the effect of feeding dried carnauba wax palm fruit on the quality of goat meat. Initially, the animals were divided into two groups: a control group, fed with ground corn-based concentrate, and a treatment group, fed with dried carnauba wax palm fruit included in the concentrate. After 28 days of feeding, the animals were slaughtered, and different muscles (Longissimus lumborum and semimembranosus) were evaluated for physicochemical characteristics, fatty acid profile, and expression of some genes related to meat quality. The diet with carnauba wax palm fruit does not interfere in the chemical composition of the meat in terms of moisture content, protein, fat, pH, and meat color. On the other hand, palmitic (C16:0) and linoleic (C18:2) fatty acids presented differences between muscles in the group fed carnauba wax palm fruit. The treatment with carnauba wax palm fruit reduces the expression of genes related to lipogenesis and cholesterol metabolism, suggesting the production of a tender meat with lower cholesterol content. The inclusion of carnauba wax palm fruit in the diet of does maintained the physicochemical characteristics of the loin and leg, and it reduced the expression of the analyzed genes, suggesting improvement in meat quality.

Published
2019

34. List of contributors

Author

Caleb Acquah, Ingrid Aguiló-Aguayo, Luísa Barreira, Juan Roberto Benavente-Valdés, Tom M.M. Bernaerts, Nigel Brunton, Berinka Araceli Carreón-González, Imene Chentir, Jorge A.V. Costa, Margarida Costa, Christine Edwards, Flora-Glad Ekezie, Ana F. Esteves, Alice Ferreira, Katkam N. Gangadhar, Marco García-Vaquero, Ana L. Gonçalves, Luisa Gouveia, Inês Guerra, Benoit Guieysse, Israel Hernández-López, Tomás Lafarga, Inês Maia, Giorgos Markou, Gregory Martin, J. Masojidek, Alan Eduardo Medina-Antillón, Alejandro Méndez-Zavala, Julio César Montañez-Saénz, Etiele G. Morais, Michele G. Morais, Lourdes Morales-Oyervides, Dolores Camacho Muñoz, Joseph Samuel Palmer, Hugo Pereira, José C.M. Pires, Maxence Plouviez, Gaurav Rajauria, K. Ranglova, Rajeev Ravindran, María Janeth Rodríguez-Roque, Nora Aideé Salas-Salazar, Rogelio Sánchez-Vega, Lisa Schüler, Joana Silva, A.M. Silva Benavides, Mayra Cristina Soto-Caballero, Giuseppe Torzillo, Ioannis Tzovenis, Chibuike C. Udenigwe, Carlos Guillermo Valdivia-Nájar, Ann M. Van Loey, João Varela, María Elena Velázquez-Arellano, Silvia Villaró, Inmaculada Viñas, Bhagya Yatipanthalawa, and G. Chini Zittelli

Published
2021

36. Culturing of microalgae for food applications

Author

Karolína Ranglová, G. Chini Zittelli, Giuseppe Torzillo, A.M. Silva Benavides, and Jiří Masojídek

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, 0106 biological sciences, Food industry, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Biomass, Limiting, Cosmeceuticals, 01 natural sciences, Biochemical composition, Environmental science, Production (economics), Biochemical engineering, business, Productivity, 010606 plant biology & botany, Production system
Abstract

Several high-value microalgal products have become well established, and there are opportunities for additional new ones. Microalgae are also playing an increasing role in cosmeceuticals, nutraceuticals, and functional foods. In this chapter the effects of the main environmental factors on the productivity and biochemical composition of microalgal biomass are summarized. Particular emphasis has been devoted to the environmental factors limiting the full exploitation of the photosynthetic capacity of the cultures. Among these, light saturation remains the main obstacle to economical exploitation of microalgae production potential. Other important limiting environmental factors are represented by sub- and supraoptimal temperatures. The effects of environmental factors on productivity are further enhanced when they act in synergy. The opportunity to improve light utilization by increasing the mixing rate and the effective possibility to take advantage of intermittent light are discussed in detail in relation to the culture system. Independently of the strain to be produced, the overall production system must be approved for the “food industry”; this regulatory compliance involves the materials, systems, and protocols used during production. These aspects are reviewed in the final part of the chapter.

Published
2021

38. Should there be a management plan of children with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans and bronchiectasis?

Author

A.M. Silva, Luísa Pereira, Teresa Bandeira, Ana Saianda, Andreia Descalço, Rosário Ferreira, and Carolina Constant

Subjects
Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Rehabilitation, Bronchiectasis, Lung, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Medical record, Bronchiolitis obliterans, Small sample, medicine.disease, FEV1/FVC ratio, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine, Respiratory system, business
Abstract

Guidelines on follow-up of children with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans(PIBO) and/or bronchiectasis(BE) are scarce. Orientations are derived from other chronic lung diseases and adult studies. Aim: describe the management plan of children with PIBO and/or BE and analyse if it varies with lung function(LF). Methods: Retrospective review of medical records of children with PIBO and BE followed in a tertiary hospital for 2consecutive years(2018-9). Diagnosis based on history, LF and HRCT findings. Frequency of physician visits, spirometries and respiratory microbiology surveillance/year were recorded, as best LF parameters and nutritional status/year.Descriptive and regression analysis was done. Results: During the study period, 28 children [20 boys, median age 13.5yrs (7.1, 18.2), median duration of follow-up 9.6yrs(2.5, 15.4)], 16 with BOPI (plus BE 6; average z-score BMI -0.7, FEV1 -3.2, FEV1/FVC -2.6) and 12 with BE (average z-score BMI 0.4, FEV1 -0.5, FEV1/FVC -0.1) were regularly observed, on average, 2.7times/year (1 to 7) and performed 1.8spirometries/year (1 to 4) but only 4 had respiratory samples collected. 14 had been prescribed mucus clearance devices or educated on respiratory rehabilitation. No association between clinic visits and FEV1 was found. During this period,3 non-residents in Portugal were also observed,7 initiated follow-up and 10 were transferred/lost to follow-up. Method: Respiratory microbiology surveillance was low. In this small sample, LF alone did not instruct on follow-up. In the absence of guidelines, management is tailored to patients. Future directions should dictate minimal follow-up requirements for children with BOPI and BE.

Published
2020

39. Altered composition and functional profile of high-density lipoprotein in leprosy patients

Author

Cleverson Teixeira Soares, Maria Ângela de Melo Marques, José Augusto da Costa Nery, Georgia C. Atella, Maria Cristina Vidal Pessolani, Carlos A.M. Silva, Prithwiraj De, Delphi Chatterjee, Maria Renata Sales Nogueira, Patrícia Sammarco Rosa, Cristiana Santos de Macedo, and Robertha Mariana Rodrigues Lemes

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Bacterial Diseases, Apolipoprotein B, RC955-962, Leprostatic Agents, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Plasma, White Blood Cells, 0302 clinical medicine, High-density lipoprotein, Animal Cells, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Medicine and Health Sciences, Immune Response, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, medicine.diagnostic_test, biology, Liver Diseases, Fatty liver, Middle Aged, Lipids, Mycobacterium Leprae, Actinobacteria, Infectious Diseases, Cholesterol, Female, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Autopsy, Cellular Types, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Lipoproteins, HDL, Research Article, Neglected Tropical Diseases, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Immune Cells, 030231 tropical medicine, Immunology, Surgical and Invasive Medical Procedures, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnostic Medicine, Internal medicine, Leprosy, Lipidomics, medicine, Humans, Aged, Inflammation, Blood Cells, Bacteria, Macrophages, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Lipid metabolism, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, Tropical Diseases, Fatty Liver, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, chemistry, biology.protein, Lipid profile, Lipoprotein
Abstract

The changes in host lipid metabolism during leprosy have been correlated to fatty acid alterations in serum and with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) dysfunctionality. This is most evident in multibacillary leprosy patients (Mb), who present an accumulation of host lipids in Schwann cells and macrophages. This accumulation in host peripheral tissues should be withdrawn by HDL, but it is unclear why this lipoprotein from Mb patients loses this function. To investigate HDL metabolism changes during the course of leprosy, HDL composition and functionality of Mb, Pb patients (paucibacillary) pre- or post-multidrug therapy (MDT) and HC (healthy controls) were analyzed. Mb pre-MDT patients presented lower levels of HDL-cholesterol compared to HC. Moreover, Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry lipidomics of HDL showed an altered lipid profile of Mb pre-MDT compared to HC and Pb patients. In functional tests, HDL from Mb pre-MDT patients showed impaired anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress activities and a lower cholesterol acceptor capacity compared to other groups. Mb pre-MDT showed lower concentrations of ApoA-I (apolipoprotein A-I), the major HDL protein, when compared to HC, with a post-MDT recovery. Changes in ApoA-I expression could also be observed in M. leprae-infected hepatic cells. The presence of bacilli in the liver of a Mb patient, along with cell damage, indicated hepatic involvement during leprosy, which may reflect on ApoA-I expression. Together, altered compositional and functional profiles observed on HDL of Mb patients can explain metabolic and physiological changes observed in Mb leprosy, contributing to a better understanding of its pathogenesis., Author summary Leprosy is a chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, which causes lesions on the skin and peripheral nerves. Some patients do not present an efficient immune response and have a disseminated infection (multibacillary, Mb). Mb patients have lipid accumulation in infected tissues that is important for microorganism survival. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is composed of proteins and lipids and is produced in the liver. It removes excess of lipids from peripheral tissues and presents anti-inflammatory activity; however, these activities are not being properly performed in leprosy. To understand more about HDL metabolism on leprosy, the chemical composition and functionality of HDL from leprosy patients were analyzed before and after treatment with antibiotics (multidrug therapy, MDT). It was observed that HDL has an altered lipid composition in Mb patients before MDT, which may lead to an impairment of its functions. Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), the main HDL protein, seems to be highly affected during infection. These functions can be slightly recovered after MDT, but not in the levels of healthy individuals. Our data open new perspectives to elucidate the modulation of lipid metabolism in leprosy and consequently to prevent disease complications.

Published
2020

40. Intrathecal Morphine Versus Ketamine in Postoperative Pain After Hysterectomy: Double-Blinded, Randomized Clinical Trial

Author

Thaís A.M. Silva, Alahyr G.G. Neto, Camila A. Carpi, Rodrigo A. Gusmão, Marcus Vinicius Gomez, and Celio J. Castro-Junior

Subjects
Nausea, medicine.medical_treatment, Hysterectomy, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, Double-Blind Method, law, medicine, Humans, Ketamine, Pain, Postoperative, Morphine, business.industry, Analgesia, Patient-Controlled, Analgesics, Opioid, Medical–Surgical Nursing, Anesthesia, Anesthetic, Vomiting, Female, Tramadol, medicine.symptom, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Purpose Abdominal hysterectomy is one of the most commonly performed gynecologic surgical procedures and is frequently associated with moderate to severe pain. The present study compared the effects of morphine and ketamine on postoperative analgesia, hemodynamic stability, and postoperative adverse effects in patients who underwent abdominal hysterectomy. Design This randomized controlled trial compares the effects of morphine plus adjuvants to those of ketamine plus adjuvants, administered as spinal anesthetic agents in patients who underwent abdominal hysterectomy. Methods Eighty patients were randomly assigned to two different groups: group M (morphine, 40 mcg) and group K (ketamine, 20 mg); the anesthetic agents were combined with equal quantities of other adjuvants. Postoperative analgesia was evaluated by means of a numeric pain rating scale; adverse effects (pruritus, nausea and vomiting, urinary retention, respiratory depression, and changes in bowel habits) at specific postoperative time intervals of T1 (4 hours), T2 (12 hours), and T3 (24 hours) were documented and compared. Hemodynamic stability was assessed intraoperatively. Findings Both groups displayed similar patient characteristics, comorbidities, paravertebral block level, and intraoperative hemodynamics. The present study observed a significant difference in postoperative analgesia between the two groups, 12 hours after the surgery, with group M exhibiting better results, compared with group K (P = .004). The pain scores obtained from group K were consistent with the amount of rescue medication (tramadol) administered to the subjects in the group, which showed a concomitant higher consumption of tramadol, compared with group M (42.5 and 71.8 mg in group M and group K, respectively, P = .011). Group M showed a higher incidence of pruritus, changes in bowel habits, and constipation compared with group K. Conclusions Compared with ketamine, intrathecal morphine obtained better postoperative analgesia up to 12 hours after surgery, with a higher incidence of pruritus without any significant change in other variables.

Published
2020

41. Metabolic stress and reproductive features in post-partum goats supplemented for a long period with detoxified castor meal as the source of dietary nitrogen

Author

R. Rossetto, A.M. Silva, Davide Rondina, L. D. M. Silva, Cleidson Manoel Gomes da Silva, C.H.A. Oliveira, Assis Rubens Montenegro, and César Carneiro Linhares Fernandes

Subjects
Litter (animal), Adipose tissue, Gestation period, lactation, Biology, progesterone, SF1-1100, Animal science, Lactation, medicine, Weaning, postpartum, Meal, General Veterinary, 0402 animal and dairy science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, goat kids, 040201 dairy & animal science, Ricinus communis L, Animal culture, medicine.anatomical_structure, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Gestation, medicine.symptom, Weight gain
Abstract

This study evaluated the effect of detoxified castor meal on the reproductive performance, metabolic stress, milk production, and kid development in peripartum goats. The diet of the animals were with (DCM, n= 20) or without (WDCM, n= 21) detoxified castor meal during the entire gestation and until weaning, 60 days post-birth. No differences were observed in the gestation period, litter size, rate of multiple births, and mortality between the two groups. The postpartum plasma concentrations of progesterone remained below 1ng/mL in all animals, thus, confirming the absence of active corpora lutea. The thickness of sternum adipose tissue and loin area, levels of urea and cholesterol, milk production, and daily weight gain in the kids were low in the DCM group when compared to those in the WDCM group (P< 0.05). To conclude, the use of detoxified castor meal in peripartum goats resulted in lower level of performance in the kids because of reductions in the amount of milk received from their mothers during lactation. In addition, the diet containing detoxified castor meals was not efficient in recovering from the loss of stored body reserves able to initiate the recovery of the cyclic activity of the goats.

Published
2020

42. Contributors

Author

Salvana Costa, J. Dias-Ferreira, A.R. Fernandes, Rohit C. Ghan, Randeep Kaur, Matthias M. Knopp, A. Königsrainer, Korbinian Löbmann, Conrado Marques, null Muhaned Al-Hindawi, Luciana Nalone, Adam Procopio, Saeed A. Qureshi, Vivek Ranjan Sinha, M.A. Reymond, Patrícia Severino, Ranjita Shegokar, A.A.M. Shimojo, A.M. Silva, Eliana B. Souto, M.C. Teixeira, Divya Tewari, Pramil Tiwari, Nazende Günday Türeli, Akif Emre Türeli, Danillo F.M.C. Veloso, and Venkat Tumuluri

Published
2020

43. Contributors

Author

Hend Abd-Allah, Mona Abdel-Mottaleb, Annis Catur Adi, Mukta Agrawal, Amit Alexander, Mahavir Bhupal Chougule, Juan Bueno, J.R. Campos, Anne Marie Clark, Diana Diaz-Arévalo, Riham I. El-Gogary, N.B. Jadav, Anđelka B. Kovačević, Atsarina Larasati, Peter Mattei, Maha Nasr, A. Paradkar, Heni Rachmawati, Kobra Rostamizadeh, A. Santini, Shailendra Saraf, Swarnlata Saraf, P. Severino, Ranjita Shegokar, A.M. Silva, S.B. Souto, E.B. Souto, Asur Srinivasan, Amanda Starling-Windhof, Tina Tomeo, Vladimir P. Torchilin, and Mingtao Zeng

Published
2020

44. ρDCCA applied between air temperature and relative humidity: An hour/hour view

Author

Andrea de Almeida Brito, Gilney Figueira Zebende, A.M. Silva Filho, and A.P. Castro

Subjects
Statistics and Probability, Scale (ratio), Meteorology, Air temperature, Local time, Contour line, 0103 physical sciences, Environmental science, Relative humidity, 010306 general physics, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas
Abstract

In this paper we propose to study the cross-correlation between the air temperature and the air relative humidity using the DCCA cross-correlation coefficient ρ D C C A . We choose four cities (meteorological stations) located in the State of Bahia (Brazil), as our case study. Our data were available hourly from the Brazilian Institute of Meteorology. Accordingly, in addition to showing that the variables have a negative cross-correlation, we present a new vision about these variables, producing the detrended cross-correlation contour map. As a result, we can see (or not) islands of cross-correlations, that depend on the local time and also the time scale involved.

Published
2018

45. Bromatological analysis, phytochemical and antioxidant potential of carnauba (Copernicia prunifera (Mill.) H.E. Moore) fruit

Author

Francisco Felipe Maia da Silva, Marcos Vinícios de Oliveira Costa, César Carneiro Linhares Fernandes, Davide Rondina, A.M. Silva, Maria Izabel Florindo Guedes, and Cláudio Henrique de Almeida Oliveira

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Economics and Econometrics, Antioxidant, Food industry, General Chemical Engineering, medicine.medical_treatment, engineering.material, Antioxidant potential, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Copernicia prunifera, medicine, Tannin, General Materials Science, Gallic acid, Food science, Marketing, chemistry.chemical_classification, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, biology, business.industry, Pulp (paper), food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, 040401 food science, chemistry, Phytochemical, engineering, business
Abstract

Chemical composition as well as phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of underutilized plants, such as carnauba palm (Copernicia prunifera), provide an informed decision on how to maximize their benefits. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the fruit of carnauba. The total phenolic content (gallic acid equivalents, GAE) of the ethanol extract of the whole fruit, pulp and kernel were 44.6000, 0.0447 and 0.6930 mg GAE/g extract, respectively. The respective total tannin content was 1590.932, 2977.724 and 147.650 ppm in the whole fruit, pulp and kernel. The fruit of carnauba showed 9.84 mg anthocyanins/50 g of fresh pulp. Ethanol extract of whole fruit had a potent antioxidant activity. Thus, the fruit of carnauba has add-value in food industry. Key words: Secondary compounds, carnauba ethanol extract.

Published
2017

46. Viability and growth of feline preantral folliclesin vitrocultured with insulin growth factor and epidermal growth factor supplemented medium

Author

Maricy Apparicio, Luciana Cristina Padilha-Nakaghi, Gaia Cecilia Luvoni, W. R. R. Vicente, A. E. Alves, E. A. Pires-Butler, N. A.M. Silva, and T. F. Motheo

Subjects
endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Reproductive technology, Biology, Tissue Culture Techniques, Andrology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Ovarian Follicle, Epidermal growth factor, Internal medicine, Follicular phase, medicine, Animals, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Antrum, Cells, Cultured, Granulosa Cells, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, CATS, Epidermal Growth Factor, Growth factor, 0402 animal and dairy science, Embryo, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 040201 dairy & animal science, In vitro, Culture Media, Cats, Oocytes, Female, Animal Science and Zoology, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Biotechnology
Abstract

In vitro culture of ovarian preantral follicles has emerged as a reproductive technology aimed at obtaining large amount of oocytes for in vitro embryo production. The addition of growth factors (GF) in the in vitro culture of preantral follicles of different species has provided superior results of follicular development, antrum formation and proliferation of granulosa cells. However, there are only few reports regarding the use of these factors on feline preantral follicle in vitro culture. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a combination of IGF-1 and EGF on in vitro viability and growth of preantral follicles and enclosed oocytes collected from domestic cats. A total of 64 follicles characterized by multilayer granulosa cells were isolated and individually cultured for 6 days (T6) in minimum essential medium supplemented with IGF-1+ EGF (100 ng/ml each) or without (control). A higher percentage of follicles were viable after culture with GF than without, and an increase in size when IGF-1+ EGF were added to the medium (170 ± 32.4 μm (T0) vs. 201 ± 22.3 μm (T6); p .05) was observed. An increase in the diameter was also observed in follicles cultured without GF, but this increase was only 8.3% compared to 15.4% of those cultured with GF (p .05). No differences were found in the diameter of oocytes contained in follicles cultured in the non-supplemented or supplemented media (107.9 ± 11.8 μm (T0) vs. 113.2 ± 15.6 μm (T6); p .05). These data suggest that the addition of IGF-1 and EGF to the culture medium promotes the in vitro development of preantral follicles of cats.

Published
2016

47. Bioleaching of fluoride-bearing secondary copper sulphides: Column experiments with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

Author

Hamilton Cristiano Leôncio, Klinger Carlos Silva Lopes, Michael Leonardo Marques Rodrigues, Larissa A.M. Silva, and Versiane Albis Leão

Subjects
inorganic chemicals, General Chemical Engineering, Metallurgy, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, Copper, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, 020501 mining & metallurgy, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0205 materials engineering, chemistry, Fluoride toxicity, Aluminium, Bioleaching, Environmental Chemistry, Gangue, Leaching (metallurgy), Dissolution, Fluoride, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract

Bioleaching is a mature technology, which is widely employed commercially in the leaching of low-grade secondary copper sulphide ores. In this work, the bioleaching potential of a low-grade (marginal) ore with a significant content of fluoride was assessed. Small columns were inoculated with a strain of At. ferrooxidans, at 30 °C, and resulted in copper extractions above 89%, in 255 days. The dissolution of fluorite from the gangue minerals accounted for up to 2.5 g/L fluoride in solution, which affected bioleaching shortly after column inoculation. However, both the released of aluminium from the ore and ferric iron production by the bacteria reduced fluoride toxicity. A fluoride-toxicity parameter (η) was proposed to represent the mass ratio between total fluoride, total aluminium and total ferric iron concentrations in the system. Low values of the η parameter resulted from high ferric iron and aluminium concentrations and implied in large bacterial population in the systems. Thus, the presence of fluoride-bearing minerals in the ore may be an important issue, but the content of both cations should be also considered. Despite the absence of ferric iron and a high fluoride concentration prior to first solution bleeding, the η parameter was lower than 0.3 in the column containing an external aluminium source. In this condition, as the aluminium content surpassed that of fluoride the bacterial population reached 107 cells/mL and enabled copper bioleaching.

Published
2016

48. P169 Implementing nitrogen Multiple Breath Washout - a feasibility study

Author

Luísa Pereira, Carolina Constant, A. Descalço, A.M. Silva, Teresa Bandeira, and Celeste Barreto

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, business.industry, Anesthesia, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, medicine, medicine.disease, business, MULTIPLE BREATH WASHOUT, Cystic fibrosis
Published
2020

49. Identificação de micro-organismos presentes em sistemas de biolixiviação de cobre a 35 e 50°C

Author

Versiane Albis Leão, Renata Guerra-Sá Cota, Isabel C.B. Rodrigues, Larissa A.M. Silva, and Roberta D’Angelo Azevedo

Subjects
Chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, Molecular biology, micro-organismos termófilos moderados, lcsh:TD1-1066, 020501 mining & metallurgy, lcsh:Environmental engineering, micro-organismos mesófilos, 0205 materials engineering, RNA ribossomal 16S, lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, lcsh:TA170-171, Waste Management and Disposal, mesophilic microorganisms, moderate thermophilic microorganisms, 16S ribosomal RNA
Abstract

RESUMO A biolixiviação de minérios de baixo teor e com elevado conteúdo de impurezas tem se mostrado alternativa importante para o aproveitamento destes, uma vez que a recuperação do metal por métodos pirometalúrgicos convencionais mostra-se economicamente inviável. A identificação e quantificação dos micro-organismos capazes de promover a biolixiviação mostram-se estratégicas para alcançar bons rendimentos no controle do processo e na recuperação de metais. Nesse sentido, as técnicas de biologia molecular são as ferramentas mais utilizadas para tal propósito. Este trabalho, utilizando técnicas de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR), polimorfismos de comprimento dos fragmentos de restrição (RFLP) e reação em cadeia da polimerase seguida de eletroforese em gel com gradiente desnaturante (PCR-DGGE), mostrou que a diversidade nas colunas de biolixiviação de cobre estudadas é baixa e que a temperatura é importante na manutenção de determinadas espécies, havendo predominância de Acidithiobacillus ferroxidans a 35°C e de Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans a 50°C. ABSTRACT Bioleaching is an alternative to pyrometallurgy for the production of metals from low-grade ores containing high level of impurities, once that live pyrometallurgical methods are economically unfeasible. The quantification and identification of those microorganisms related to bioleaching is an important strategy for process control and thus metal recovery. In this regard, molecular biology is one of the main techniques utilized for such objective. This study applied PCR, RFLP and PCR-DGGE techniques to show that the microbial diversity in copper bioleaching columns under investigation is low and the temperature is important to define the species found, with predominance of Acidithiobacillus ferroxidans, at 35°C and Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans at 50°C.

Published
2018

50. List of Contributors

Author

David Aebisher, Abdullah Al Hasan, Florina Andrica, S. Antunes, Nezahat Pinar Barkan, Dorota Bartusik, Dorina Coricovac, Corina Danciu, Cristina Dehelean, Simona Dimchevska, Catalano Enrico, Nikola Geskovski, Katerina Goracinova, Ruxandra Gref, Mehmet Gumustas, Chang-Sik Ha, Alok Kalra, Kummari S.V. Krishna Rao, Hitesh Kulhari, Piyush Kumar, Xue Li, Seema Mehdi, Marius Mioc, Arunachalam Muthuraman, I. Nowak, Fatma Duygu Özel Demiralp, A. Yekta Ozer, Sibel A. Ozkan, Akash K. Patel, Vikas K. Patel, I. Pereira, Iulia Pinzaru, Deep Pooja, Kummara Madhusudana Rao, Narahari Rishitha, Prasant K. Rout, A.C. Santos, Khan M. Sarim, Ceyda T. Sengel-Turk, Mine Silindir-Gunay, A.M. Silva, Ramakrishna Sistla, Cassian Sitaru, Codruta Soica, E.B. Souto, Cristina Trandafirescu, Seçil Karahisar Turan, Bengi Uslu, F.J. Veiga, Hatice Yildizhan, A.T.M. Zafrul Azam, and A. Zielińska

Published
2018

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