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Purpose: To analyze the electrical activity of Flexor digitorum superficialis and extensor digitorum communis for cylindrical grip sizes of 30 mm and 40 mm in stroke patients. Methodology: 10 MCA affected stroke subjects and 10 normal subjects of same dominance, age and occupation were taken by purposeful sampling from physiotherapy department of M.M. Institute of Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation. They were asked to grip two wooden cylinders of size 30mm and 40mm and electrical activity of Flexor digitorum superficialis and extensor digitorum communis i.e. amplitude and duration were analyzed during maximal contraction. The readings were statistically analyzed to compare the difference of activity in the proposed muscles for two different cylinders. Results: The statistical tests revealed that the differences between the amplitude and duration of the proposed muscles in hemiplegic and normal subjects are statistically significant. However, the difference of amplitude and duration of “Flexor digitorum superficialis” and “Extensor digitorum communis” are not statistically significant within the hemiplegic subjects for both the cylindrical diameters but the prolonged duration of Extensor digitorum communis in 40 mm cylinder was significant statistically. Conclusion: There is a significant difference in the amplitude and duration of forearm muscles i.e. flexor digitorum superficialis and extensor digitorum communis when compared with normals. However, only duration of extensor digitorum communis show significant change among the hemiplegic subjects with the change in grip size. The amplitude and duration of flexor digitorum superficialis and amplitude of extensor digitorum communis does not change significantly.

Wilson’s illness is an autosomal dominant impairment of copper metabolism that results from the lack of or dysfunction of a copper-transporting P-type ATPase, which is expressed on chromosome 13. This ATPase is a component of the trans-Golgi network and is carried by hepatocytes. It transports copper into the secretory route where it is combined with ceruloplasmin and excreted as bile. Affected people gradually develop copper accumulation in the liver since the only pathway for copper excretion in physiological settings is through biliary clearance. Hepatocytes experience cell death when their storage capacity is exceeded, which causes hemolysis, copper leakage into the plasma, and tissue deposition. Children might experience rapid liver failure, silent cirrhosis, or chronic hepatitis. Among the neuropsychiatric symptoms induced by copper overload in the central nervous system that are frequently seen in young people are dystonia, tremors, temperamental disorders, and cognitive deficiencies. Test results showing lower ceruloplasmin levels in serum, elevated urine copper concentration, and elevated intrahepatic copper percentage indicate Wilson’s illness. Because there are more than 100 distinct mutations and most people are compound heterozygotes, molecular genetic analysis is difficult. Copper treatment with penicillamine is a successful therapy for the vast number of patients, and liver transplantation is beneficial in situations of chronic liver failure. The molecular genetic causes of Wilson’s disease have shed new light on the mechanisms governing cellular copper homeostasis.

The long-standing style of care known as cardiac rehabilitation (CR) may have been created to lessen the significant burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) on people all over the world. In Post COVID era, maintenance of cardiac health in COVID affected patients has been received much attention. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) may be a sophisticated intervention with multiple components which can provide support in developing health cardiovascular system. The calibre of CR services can vary greatly and have an impact on the extent of patient benefit. The research has demonstrated that cardiac rehabilitation improves quality of life and reduces clinical psychological distress (DSM sadness and anxiety) (QoL). Subclinical discomfort and psychological well-being also demonstrated pertinent clinical implications in cardiac situations. Cardiac rehabilitation could also be an economical. According to studies, the benefits of CR are effective for patients with a variety of cardiac conditions, such as those who have undergone myocardial infarction (MI), coronary artery bypass surgery, stable angina, stable chronic heart failure, heart valve replacement, percutaneous coronary treatments, heart transplantation, cardiac arrhythmias, or severe arterial hypertension. As CR, and in several contexts “pre-habilitation,” are in increased demand, a chronic disability management programme is being given more commonly in home and community settings. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic’s new requirements, the employment of distant, personalised solutions within this delivery paradigm is currently changing.

Background: Cancer of the oral cavity is described as the uncontrolled proliferation of cells that can be observed in the Oral cavity. The sore in the mouth could resemble a growth or an open sore, but it won’t go away. Cancers of the lips, tongue, cheeks, floor of the mouth, hard and soft palates, sinuses, and throat can develop in the oral cavity. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most prevalent kind of cancer found in mouths and throats. It is well knowledge that tobacco uses in any form, including smoking, chewing tobacco and alcohol consumption, has a substantial influence in the development of oral cancer. It would indicate that patients were unaware of this connection, despite the fact that this is widespread knowledge among medical professionals. Objective: To assess delay in diagnosis of oral cancer. We carried out prospective research on people who had been given a diagnosis of oral cancer. This research paper looks at the disease’s prevalence, the major risk factors for developing oral cancer in India, which include drinking alcohol, smoking or chewing tobacco, and Human papilloma virus (HPV) infections, as well as methods for preventing and treating oral cancer there. Methods: To conduct this study Questionnaires were delivered, assessing oral habits, detect early sign of oral cancer and reasons for delay oral cancer treatment. The analysis made use of the statistical programme SPSS. Design: Cross-sectional questionnaire-based study. Result: There were a total of 150 people that took part in the survey. According to this, 68.7 % of oral cancer cases are caused by smoking, 60 % by drinking alcohol, and 65.3 % by chewing tobacco. It was shown that the level of awareness was directly linked to the education level. Conclusions: The awareness level of oral cancer in this highrisk community was excellent; however, significant gaps exist, pointing to the need for focused health education as well as counseling to help individuals quit risk factors.

The department of transfusion medicine, also known as blood bank, is one of the most important parts of a healthcare facility. It provides whole blood as well as different blood components like packed red blood cells (RBCs), thrombocytes, plasma, and coagulation factors to all necessary patient populations. Almost all major surgeries require it and only 2.5 billion of the 5 billion blood units required by our country each year are available. Because human blood cannot be replaced; the gift of life is given through the optimum use of blood and its components. According to the study, the demand for screened blood is very high, and the world requires blood every two seconds. When a patient is admitted to a hospital’s emergency ward, a blood test is almost always performed first and is usually followed by a blood request. Gunshot wounds and unintentional injuries necessitate immediate medical attention, including blood transfusions to compensate for low blood pressure and significant blood loss. A hospital would be considered incomplete without a state-of-the-art blood bank, which significantly facilitates cardiac procedures. Cross-matching and organizing at least five units of packed RBCs is a scheduled step in cardiac surgery. Simultaneously, one donor is cross-matched and tested for all parameters, including infectious markers, and its blood is drawn first when needed during cardiac surgery. After that, the arranged blood units are supplied for transfusion. This happens because freshly drawn blood contains all of the essential components for coagulation. Burns, hemorrhagic disorders, anemia, leukemia, thalassemia, and hemolytic disorders, as well as accidents, all necessitate the use of blood. Patients are transfused with blood on an exchange basis. During an emergency, blood units are released from the blood bank, and replacement blood is drawn from the patient’s relatives. Because of this system of blood unit replacement, many patients’ relatives are hesitant to donate blood or do not have donors for replacement. This gave rise to one of blood banks’ most unethical practices: bringing in paid donors or professional donors to donate blood for patients in exchange for money. This became a major issue for the entire medical community, resulting in the spreading of diseases such as HIV, HBsAg, HCV, SYPHILIS, and blood with low hemoglobin levels being transfused to patients with no clinical benefits.

Background: Linseed, being a short duration crop, can be introduced in rice fallow system in order to derive more benefits. Timely and adequate amount of water to the crop in best possible way helps in optimizing agricultural production. At the same time, the need to meet increasing demand for food will require increased production per unit of water. However, the scope of linseed cultivation is very limited in Nagaland. The farmers of the region are not well-acquainted with linseed cultivation and information on varietal performance of linseeds in Nagaland condition is scanty. Methods: The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications and consisted of seven linseed varieties viz., JLS-95, RLC-153, LSL-93, T-397, Shekhar, Priyam and Parvati. Result: Among all the varieties, JLS-95 produced higher growth attributes viz., plant height (cm), number of leaves plant-1, number of branches plant-1, plant dry matter (g plant-1), crop growth rate (g m-2 day-1) and yield attributes viz., number of capsules plant-1, seed yield (kg ha-1) and stover yield as well was statistically superior in variety JLS-95 over the other varieties.

Background: The date of transplanting which is related to the climatic condition is one of the major factor affecting the growth and yield of black rice. Weeds also pose serious threat to rice in SRI condition if not controlled during critical period of weed competition. Therefore, efficient integrated weed management practices are required in SRI. The experiment was carried out to assess the effect of date of transplanting and integrated weed management on black rice. Methods: The experiment was conducted in the experimental farm of SASRD, NU, Medziphema campus during kharif season of 2019 and 2020. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three dates of transplanting in the main plots and five integrated weed management treatments in the sub-plots with 15 treatment combinations and three replications. Result: Minimum weed population and dry weight were recorded with transplanting black rice on 15th June. It also gave significantly highest growth attributes and yield of black rice. Among the integrated weed management, Pretilachlor 0.75 kg/ha t 3 DAT fb handweeding at 40 DAT recorded significantly lowest weed population and dry weight and highest plant height, number of green leaves plant-1, dry matter accumulation and yield of black rice.

La1-xBaxCo0.50Fe0.50 O3; {0.10≤ x≤ 0.40} perovskite ceramics is prepared by solid-state reaction method. The as-prepared samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, dilatometer, thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and impedance spectrometer. Samples are well crystallized in single phase and the crystal structure is found to be rhombohedral. Grains are non uniform and size of the grains is decreasing with Ba substitution. Density of the material is measured by Archimedes principle. At high temperature, reduction of cobalt and iron takes place. Thermal expansion coefficients for x = 0.10 and 0.40 at 200 °C - 800 °C temperature are 13.4 ×10-6 °C- 1 and 11.8×10-6 °C-1 respectively. Dielectric analysis shows that as prepared samples obey non-Debye relaxation behavior. The maximum value of the conductivity is 136.32 Scm-1 for x = 0.10 and 168.60 Scm-1 for x = 0.40. Activation energies are found to be 0.20 eV and 0.17 eV for x = 0.10 and 0.40 respectively. Electrical conductivity is greater than 100 Scm-1 which suggests it to be a suitable cathode material for SOFCs.

Background: An intensive cropping system involving legume and vegetable crops not only highly productive and profitable but should also be stable over time and maintains soil health in present scenario. So, keeping this point in view the present investigation was carried out to evaluate the productivity, profitability and sustainability of legume entailing different ultra high intensity rice based cropping system models under irrigated sub-tropics. Methods: The field experiment was conducted at Research Farm, SKUAST-Jammu, Main Campus, Chatha for two consecutive years from kharif 2019 to summer season of 2021. The experiment consisting of five legume entailing rice based cropping system models of cropping intensity varying from 300-600% viz. T1: Rice (Basmati-370) - Wheat (HD-3086) - Cowpea (Lobia Super-60) having 300% cropping intensity, T2: Rice (Basmati-564) - Potato (Kufri Badshah) - Wheat (Raj-3765) - Mixed fodder (Maize+Cowpea+Charri in 2:2:1 ratio) having 400% cropping intensity, T3: Rice (SJR-129) - Knol khol (G-40) - Potato (Kufri Sindhuri) - Green gram (IPM 02-3) having 400% cropping intensity, T4: Rice (Pusa-1121) - Radish (CR-45) - Green onion (Nasik Red) - French bean (Anupama) - Okra (Seli special) having 500% cropping intensity in relay cropping from fourth crop onwards and T5: Rice (IET-1410) - Fenugreek (JF-07) - Knol khol (G-40) - Green onion (Nasik Red) - Dry onion (Selection-1) - Black gram (Pant U-19) having 600% cropping intensity in relay cropping from third crop onwards was laid out in a randomized block design with four replications. Result: The results obtained under two years research study revealed that treatment T4 recorded significantly highest basmati-370 rice equivalent system productivity followed by treatment T5. Further, treatment T4 also recorded highest system cost of cultivation, system gross returns and system net returns. System soil fertility status in terms of available NPK after completion of second crop cycle was significantly affected. Among different cropping systems, significantly higher available nitrogen and phosphorus were recorded in treatment T5 system which was at par with treatment T4.

Background: The emergence of a multidrug resistance phenotype is most likely outcome of co-existing multiple mechanisms. The underlying molecular mechanism of carbapenem resistance is poorly understood in bacterial isolates of animal origin. The present study investigates the resistance mechanism for reduced susceptibility to carbapenem in E. coli. Methods: The study includes 12 multidrug resistant E.coli isolates showing decreased susceptibility to imipenem. Carbapenemase production was evaluated by the mCarba-NP test. The presence of the carbapenem resistance gene was confirmed by multiplex PCR. Efflux pump activity was accessed by broth microdilution method with or without selective efflux pump inhibitor. We analyzed differential expression of the outer membrane porin genes (ompF, ompC) and efflux pump genes (acrA, acrB) by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Result: We observed increased expression of acrA and acrB genes in all the E. coli isolates under imipenem stress. A positive correlation (p less than 0.001) was evident between imipenem MIC and acrA and acrB over-expression in these isolates. A significant decrease in ompF and ompC expression was observed in these isolates under imipenem stress. The change in MIC was not correlated with the corresponding OmpC and OmpF gene expression. The results suggest the importance of efflux pump and porins proteins in the emergence of multidrug resistance besides carbapenemase production.

Background: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) refers to a group of gram-positive bacteria that are genetically distinct from other strains of Staphylococcus aureus that has developed, through horizontal gene transfer, natural selection and multiple drug resistance to beta lactam antibiotics and thus causing many severe diseases which are very problematic to treat as they are resistant to different antibiotics. The above situation is further aggravated by the formation of biofilms which are structured aggregation of surface attached microbes encased in an extracellular matrix. Thus, the time required to develop biofilms becomes an important point to study. Methods: In the present study, detection of the extent of biofilm formation by MRSA isolates, was performed using the Microtitre Plate Assay. The test was performed in triplicates and was continued for a time period of 7 days to detect the extent of biofilm formation with increase in incubation interval. Result: On comparing the biofilm forming ability of different isolates from Day 1 to Day 7, it could be clearly observed that the biofilm forming capacity of isolates gradually increased with increase in incubation time and most of the isolates became strong biofilm producers from Day 4.

La1-xSrxMn0.50Fe0.50O3 {0.10 ≤ x ≤ 0.40} perovskite ceramics material is prepared by solid-state reaction method and samples are characterized to study their structural, thermal, electrical and dielectric properties. X-ray diffraction results show that as prepared samples are well crystallized in single phase and have rhombohedral crystal structure. Density is measured by Archimedes principle and with Sr substitution its value decreasing. Thermogravimetric analysis shows the weight gain in the material above 300 ºC. Thermal expansion coefficient value for x = 0.10 and 0.40 composition is found to be 12.9 × 10-6 ºC−1 and 11.3 × 10-6 ºC−1, respectively upto 800 ºC. Impedance analyzer is used to study dielectric and electrical properties which show that all the as prepared samples obey non-Debye relaxation behaviour. The maximum conductivity value is 121.09 S cm-1 for x = 0.10 and 155.96 S cm-1 for x = 0.40 at 600 ºC and 303.59 S cm-1 for x = 0.10 and 362.35 S cm-1 for x = 0.40 at 800 ºC which confirmed that in the experimental perovskite the conductivity increases after Sr doping. Activation energy also found to be decreases with Sr substitution. Therefore, studied properties confirmed that the as-prepared material is a suitable cathode material for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs).

Background: Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. They are obligate intracellular infective agents requiring specific bacterial organism as a host cell for their replication. They are most widely distributed and diverse entities in the biosphere and ubiquitously present in all reservoirs populated by bacterial hosts, such as soil and the intestine of animals. Bacteriophages are very specific in nature selectively replicate in particular bacteria. Methods: In present study we have isolated the bacteriophages from sewage of various livestock farms. Sewage samples (n=150) were collected from different depths of the sewage collection tank from different species viz. cow, buffalo, goat and pig. All the samples were subjected primarily to isolation bacteriophage against S. aureus. Recovered bacteriophages were identified with transmission electron microscopy (TM). Result: Total of twenty seven sewage samples were showing plaque formation by producing lytic activity against S. aureus in double agar overlay method. The recovery percentage of bacteriophages was maximum from cattle farm sewage (30%), followed by buffalo farm sewage (20%) and pig farm sewage (17.50%). The result indicated that recovered Bacteriophage had icosahedral symmetry and head size 52.20 nm with 109 nm tail. Bacteriophage selectively infected S. aureus with a narrow host range. Results indicated that the recovered isolates of bacteriophage remained viable at 50°C for one and two min and no viable survivors were seen at the 5 min exposure. They remained viable at 60°C for 1 min only and did not show viability for 2 and 5 min exposure at 60°C. None of the bacteriophages survived at 70°C for 1, 2 and 5 min. Bacteriophage isolates were completely inactivated below pH 3 and above 11; they remained viable only in pH range of 5 to 9.

Background: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the changes in serum biochemical parameters in colibacillosis affected diarrhoeic cattle calves below one month of age. Methods: The study was undertaken at Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India, during the period from September 2018 to March 2019. A total of 32 calves affected with colibacillosis confirmed on the basis of Multiplex PCR (for presence of K99, Stx1 and eaeA genes of E. coli) and eight clinically normal healthy calves (as control) were taken to investigate the serum biochemical profiles. Result: Analysis of serum samples of calves affected with colibacillosis revealed significant increase in the values of total protein, albumin, globulin, A/G ratio, blood urea nitogen, creatinine, potassium, total oxidant status andoxidative stress index while there is a significant decrease in the values of glucose, sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, IgG, IgM and total antioxidant status. There were no significant changes observed in the values of ALP, AST and ALT in affected calves as compared to healthy control group of calves.

Caprine intestinal diseases associated with clostridia are generally caused by Cpa and Etx encoded alpha (α) and epsilon (ε) toxinotypes of Clostridium perfringens type D respectively. A recent study on goat enterocolitis, demonstrated that the incidence of Clostridium perfringens type-D toxinotype and beta 2 toxins is high, suggesting its role in enterocolitis and many other diseases of goats affecting intestinal tract. Considering this scenario, the present prevalence study was planned to screen the goat intestinal tissues for the presence of the epsilon toxin and beta 2 toxin. Tissue sections from enterotoxaemia suspected cases in 189 goats were collected and epsilon-toxin was demonstrated by immuno-histochemically and toxinotyping multiplex polymerase reaction in 19 animals and beta 2 toxin in 19 animals by multiplex polymerase reaction. Immuno-reactivity to epsilon toxin was detected maximum in distal ileum of goat intestine and this toxin was produced by Clostridium perfringens type D. It suggests that immunohistochemistry is a confirmatory tool for detection of bacterial toxin especially epsilon toxin where isolation and characterisation of bacteria is not possible. Here, we have reported a strong association between ε-toxin (epsilon) and beta-2 toxin in causing disorders of intestine in goats. In addition, we have explored the possible role of cpb2 positive isolates of C. perfringens and their pathogenic effects in causing enterotoxaemia. These determinants help in the understanding of the pathogenesis of enterotoxaemia in goats which needs to be further investigated.

Background: Linseed is an annual herbaceous plant belonging to the family of Linaceae, having well developed fibrous root system with several lateral roots. It has been grown since ancient times for fibre (flax) and seed, which is rich in oil. The crop has narrow leaves and alternate with shiny yellow or light brown colored seeds. The current investigation was carried out to determine the suitable level of nitrogen and sulphur and their interaction effect on growth and yield of linseed.Methods: A field study was conducted in the experimental site of SASRD, NU during the rabi season with four levels of nitrogen (0,20,40 and 60 kg ha-1) and sulphur (0,20,40 and 60 kg-1) under three replications following RBD, five random plants were tagged from each plot for field observation.Conclusion: Application of 60 kg N ha-1 resulted in highest plant height, number of branches plant-1, bolls plant-1, seed (799.87 kg ha-1) and stover yields (1619.87 kg ha-1), similarly, incorporation of 40 kg S ha-1 recorded significantly higher plant height, number of branches plant-1, bolls plant-1, seed boll-1, yield (797.54 kg ha-1) and stover yields (1557.58 kg ha-1). The combination of 60 kg N and 40 kg S recorded highest plant height, number of branches plant-1, bolls plant-1, seeds boll-1, seed weight plant-1, seed (840.72 kg ha-1) and stover yields (1713.3 kg ha-1)

Background: Sesamum indicum L. is a tropical and subtropical plant cultivated for seed purpose, which yields about 50% high quality edible oil with 65% of the seeds being used for oil extraction and 35% for consumption purpose. The seeds have outstanding amounts of oil and consists of extensive root system that makes it very tolerant of drought.Methods: A field experiment entitled “Effect of planting density and Integrated Nutrient Management in sesame” was carried out at the Agronomy Research Farm of School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development, Nagaland University, Medziphema campus, during Kharif season of 2017-18. Nine treatment combinations consisting of three level of planting density i.e., T1- (20cm x 10cm), T2 (30cm x 10cm) and T3 (40cm x 10cm) along with three levels of nutrient management practices i.e., N1 (100% RDF), N2 (75% RDF + 25% FYM) and N3 (75% RDF + 25% poultry manure) were tried in factorial randomized block design with three replications. Conclusion: Among the different planting density and nutrient management practices, combined effect of 20cm x 10cm planting density with 75% RDF + 25% FYM nutrient recorded highest growth attributes viz., plant height (cm), number of leaves plant-1, number of branches plant-1 and yield attributes viz., number of capsules plant-1, seed yield (kg ha-1) and stover yield (kg ha-1). However, the highest net return (₹16687.66) and B:C ratio (1.13) was obtained from the treatment combination of 40cm x 10cm planting density along with combination of 75% RDF + 25% poultry manure. Hence, the combined application of manures with inorganic source of nutrients with reduced planting density recorded higher growth and yield attributes thereby resulting higher economic return than the application of RDF alone.

Summary Joint inversion of multiple geophysical datasets has its own set of advantages for interpreting the geology of an area. Using neural networks (NN), we propose the joint inversion of MT and DC apparent resistivity datasets to delineate the subsurface conductivity distribution. The NN model used is inspired by the Siamese networks to provide different prediction channels for the two different datasets before integrating them to get the layered earth parameters. The NN model trained on the specified range of model parameters has predicted each layers’ resistivity and thickness close to the true values for all the four types of resistivity distribution (A, Q, H, and K) for a three-layered earth model and takes advantage of the two different datasets to see through the equivalence problem to detect the thin second layer for an H type curve. The NN model accurately estimated the resistivity distribution even when the true data was corrupted with 10% Gaussian noise. Not only the method proposed provides good results for all the models considered but also saves time over other optimisation techniques where every model requires separate simulation. The method, therefore, proves to be a fast, efficient and reliable way for joint inversion of geophysical datasets.

Changing trends towards wind power generation requires new and advanced models for control implementation for improved power quality, better reliability and increased efficiency. This paper emphasizes the performance comparison of three grid connected configurations of wind energy conversion systems using squirrel cage induction generator. Control designs using different types of machine side converters such as a diode rectifier, a diode rectifier with boost converter and a voltage source converter have been modeled, simulated and analyzed. A complete comparison of these configurations is presented in terms of the real and reactive power control and the power quality. Maximum power point tracking has been implemented in the latter two control designs so that optimum power is harnessed for given wind velocities. The simulation results exemplify the outstanding performance of the system with the use of back to back connected voltage source converters.

No reflow during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a complex issue with serious outcomes. Multiple studies have studied predictors of no-reflow during primary PCI, but data on patients with the late presentation is sparse, which constitutes the majority of patients in peripheral centers. This study aimed to determine predictors of no-reflow during PCI in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in 7 days.It was a single-center prospective case-control study performed at a tertiary care center and included 958 patients with STEMI who underwent PCI within 7 days of symptom onset. Baseline and angiographic data of patients undergoing PCI were recorded and patients divided into reflow and no-reflow group.Of 958 who underwent PCI, 182 (18.9%) showed no-reflow by myocardial blush grade (MBG)2. No-reflow group had a higher mean age (66.46±10.71 vs. 61.36±9.94 years), lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) on admission (100.61±26.66 vs. 112.23±24.35, P0.0001), a higher level of peak Troponin I level (9.37±2.81 vs. 7.66±3.11ng/dL, P0.0001), low left ventricular ejection fraction (36.71±3.89 vs. 39.58±4.28% respectively P0.0001). Among angiographic data and procedural features, multivariable logistic regression analysis identified that advanced age, reperfusion time6hours, SBP100mmHg on admission, functional status of Killip class for heart failure≥3, lower EF (≤35%), low initial myocardial blush grade (≤1) before PCI, long target lesion length, larger reference diameter of vessel (3.5mm) and high thrombus burden on angiography were found to be independent predictors of no-reflow (P0.05).No-reflow phenomenon after PCI for STEMI is complex and multifactorial and can be identified by simple clinical, angiographic, and procedural features. Preprocedural characters of the lesion and early perfusion decides the fate of the outcome.