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1. Observations of track-like neutrino events with Baikal-GVD

Author

Dmitry Zaborov, V.A. Allakhverdyan, A.D. Avrorin, A.V. Avrorin, V.M. Aynutdinov, R. Bannasch, Zuzana Bardačová, I.A. Belolaptikov, I.V. Borina, V.B. Brudanin, N.M. Budnev, V.Y. Dik, G.V. Domogatsky, A.A. Doroshenko, Rastislav Dvornicky, A.N. Dyachok, Zh.-A.M. Dzhilkibaev, Eliška Eckerová, T.V. Elzhov, L. Fajt, Stanislav Vasilevich Fialkovsky, A.R. Gafarov, K.V. Golubkov, N.S. Gorshkov, T.I. Gress, M.S. Katulin, K.G. Kebkal, O.G. Kebkal, E.V. Khramov, M.M. Kolbin, K.V. Konischev, K.A. Kopański, A.V. Korobchenko, A.P. Koshechkin, V.A. Kozhin, M.V. Kruglov, M.K. Kryukov, V.F. Kulepov, Pa. Malecki, Y.M. Malyshkin, M.B. Milenin, R.R. Mirgazov, D.V. Naumov, V. Nazari, W. Noga, D.P. Petukhov, E.N. Pliskovsky, M.I. Rozanov, V.D. Rushay, E.V. Ryabov, G.B. Safronov, B.A. Shaybonov, M.D. Shelepov, Fedor Šimkovic, A.E. Sirenko, A.V. Skurikhin, A.G. Solovjev, M.N. Sorokovikov, Ivan Štekl, A.P. Stromakov, E.O. Sushenok, O.V. Suvorova, V.A. Tabolenko, B.A. Tarashansky, Y.V. Yablokova, and S.A. Yakovlev

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Track (disk drive), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Monte Carlo method, FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, Reconstruction algorithm, Nuclear physics, Neutrino detector, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract

The Baikal Gigaton Volume Detector (Baikal-GVD) is a km$^3$-scale neutrino detector currently under construction in Lake Baikal, Russia. The detector currently consists of 2304 optical modules arranged on 64 vertical strings. Further extension of the array is planned for March 2022. The data from the partially complete array have been analyzed using a $\chi^2$-based track reconstruction algorithm. After suppression of the downward-going atmospheric muon background, a flux of upward-going neutrino events is observed, dominated by the atmospheric neutrinos. The observed flux is in good agreement with Monte Carlo predictions., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, to be published in Proceedings of the 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC-2021), 12-23 July 2021

Published
2021

2. Experimental string with fiber optic data acquisition for Baikal-GVD

Author

Vladimir Aynutdinov, A. Allakhverdyan, A.D. Avrorin, A.V. Avrorin, R. Bannasch, Z. Bardаčová, I.A. Belolaptikov, I.V. Borina, V.B. Brudanin, N.M. Budnev, V.Y. Dik, G.V. Domogatsky, A.A. Doroshenko, Rastislav Dvornicky, A.N. Dyachok, Zh.-A.M. Dzhilkibaev, Eliška Eckerová, T.V. Elzhov, L. Fajt, Stanislav Vasilevich Fialkovsky, A.R. Gafarov, K.V. Golubkov, N.S. Gorshkov, T.I. Gress, M.S. Katulin, K.G. Kebkal, O.G. Kebkal, E.V. Khramov, M.M. Kolbin, K.V. Konischev, K.A. Kopanski, A.V. Korobchenko, A.P. Koshechkin, V.A. Kozhin, M.V. Kruglov, M.K. Kryukov, V.F. Kulepov, Pa. Malecki, Y.M. Malyshkin, M.B. Milenin, R.R. Mirgazov, D.V. Naumov, V. Nazari, W. Noga, D.P. Petukhov, E.N. Pliskovsky, M.I. Rozanov, V.D. Rushay, E.V. Ryabov, G.B. Safronov, B.A. Shaybonov, M.D. Shelepov, Fedor Šimkovic, A.E. Sirenko, A.V. Skurikhin, A.G. Solovjev, M.N. Sorokovikov, Ivan Štekl, A.P. Stromakov, E.O. Sushenok, O.V. Suvorova, V.A. Tabolenko, B.A. Tarashansky, Y.V. Yablokova, S.A. Yakovlev, and D.N. Zaborov

Published
2021
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3. Time synchronization of Baikal-GVD clusters

Author

Vladimir Aynutdinov, V.A. Allakhverdyan, A.D. Avrorin, A.V. Avrorin, R. Bannasch, Z. Bardаčová, I.A. Belolaptikov, I.V. Borina, V.B. Brudanin, N.M. Budnev, V.Y. Dik, G.V. Domogatsky, A.A. Doroshenko, Rastislav Dvornicky, A.N. Dyachok, Zh.-A.M. Dzhilkibaev, Eliška Eckerová, T.V. Elzhov, L. Fajt, Stanislav Vasilevich Fialkovsky, A.R. Gafarov, K.V. Golubkov, N.S. Gorshkov, T.I. Gress, M.S. Katulin, K.G. Kebkal, O.G. Kebkal, E.V. Khramov, M.M. Kolbin, K.V. Konischev, K.A. Kopanski, A.V. Korobchenko, A.P. Koshechkin, V.A. Kozhin, M.V. Kruglov, M.K. Kryukov, V.F. Kulepov, Pa. Malecki, Y.M. Malyshkin, M.B. Milenin, R.R. Mirgazov, D.V. Naumov, V. Nazari, W. Noga, D.P. Petukhov, E.N. Pliskovsky, M.I. Rozanov, V.D. Rushay, E.V. Ryabov, G.B. Safronov, B.A. Shaybonov, M.D. Shelepov, Fedor Šimkovic, A.E. Sirenko, A.V. Skurikhin, A.G. Solovjev, M.N. Sorokovikov, Ivan Štekl, A.P. Stromakov, E.O. Sushenok, O.V. Suvorova, V.A. Tabolenko, B.A. Tarashansky, Y.V. Yablokova, S.A. Yakovlev, and D.N. Zaborov

Published
2021
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4. Performance of the muon track reconstruction with the Baikal-GVD neutrino telescope

Author

Grigory Safronov, V.A. Allakhverdyan, A.D. Avrorin, A.V. Avrorin, V.M. Aynutdinov, R. Bannasch, Zuzana Bardačová, I.A. Belolaptikov, V.B. Brudanin, N.M. Budnev, V.Y. Dik, G.V. Domogatsky, A.A. Doroshenko, Rastislav Dvornicky, A.N. Dyachok, Zh.-A.M. Dzhilkibaev, Eliška Eckerová, T.V. Elzhov, L. Fajt, Stanislav Vasilevich Fialkovsky, A.R. Gafarov, K.V. Golubkov, N.S. Gorshkov, T.I. Gress, M.S. Katulin, K.G. Kebkal, O.G. Kebkal, E.V. Khramov, M.M. Kolbin, K.V. Konischev, K.A. Kopański, A.V. Korobchenko, A.P. Koshechkin, V.A. Kozhin, M.V. Kruglov, M.K. Kryukov, V.F. Kulepov, Pa. Malecki, Y.M. Malyshkin, M.B. Milenin, R.R. Mirgazov, D.V. Naumov, V. Nazari, W. Noga, D.P. Petukhov, E.N. Pliskovsky, M.I. Rozanov, V.D. Rushay, E.V. Ryabov, B.A. Shaybonov, M.D. Shelepov, Fedor Šimkovic, A.E. Sirenko, A.V. Skurikhin, A.G. Solovjev, M.N. Sorokovikov, Ivan Štekl, A.P. Stromakov, E.O. Sushenok, O.V. Suvorova, V.A. Tabolenko, B.A. Tarashansky, Y.V. Yablokova, S.A. Yakovlev, and D.N. Zaborov

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Particle physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Track (disk drive), Monte Carlo method, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Classifier (linguistics), High Energy Physics::Experiment, Gradient boosting, Neutrino, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Selection (genetic algorithm)
Abstract

Baikal-GVD is a km$^3$-scale neutrino telescope being constructed in Lake Baikal. Muon and partially tau (anti)neutrino interactions near the detector through the W$^{\pm}$-boson exchange are accompanied by muon tracks. Reconstructed direction of the track is arguably the most precise probe of the neutrino direction attainable in Cerenkov neutrino telescopes. Muon reconstruction techniques adopted by Baikal-GVD are discussed in the present report. Performance of the muon reconstruction is studied using realistic Monte Carlo simulation of the detector. The algorithms are applied to real data from Baikal-GVD and the results are compared with simulations. The performance of the neutrino selection based on a boosted decision tree classifier is discussed., 8 pages, 5 figures. Poster presented at 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2021), July 12th - 23rd, 2021, Online - Berlin, Germany. PoS(ICRC2021)1080

Published
2021
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5. The Baikal-GVD neutrino telescope: search for high-energy cascades

Author

Zhan-Arys Magysovich Dzhilkibaev, V.A. Allakhverdyan, А.D. Avrorin, A.V. Avrorin, V.M. Aynutdinov, R. Bannasch, Z. Bardаčová, I.A. Belolaptikov, I.V. Borina, V.B. Brudanin, N.M. Budnev, V.Y. Dik, G.V. Domogatsky, A.A. Doroshenko, Rastislav Dvornicky, A.N. Dyachok, Zh.-A.M. Dzhilkibaev, Eliška Eckerová, T.V. Elzhov, L. Fajt, Stanislav Vasilevich Fialkovsky, A.R. Gafarov, K.V. Golubkov, N.S. Gorshkov, T.I. Gress, M.S. Katulin, K.G. Kebkal, O.G. Kebkal, E.V. Khramov, M.M. Kolbin, K.V. Konischev, K.A. Kopański, A.V. Korobchenko, A.P. Koshechkin, V.A. Kozhin, M.V. Kruglov, M.K. Kryukov, V.F. Kulepov, Pa. Malecki, Y.M. Malyshkin, M.B. Milenin, R.R. Mirgazov, D.V. Naumov, V. Nazari, W. Noga, D.P. Petukhov, E.N. Pliskovsky, M.I. Rozanov, V.D. Rushay, E.V. Ryabov, G.B. Safronov, B.A. Shaybonov, M.D. Shelepov, Fedor Šimkovic, A.E. Sirenko, A.V. Skurikhin, A.G. Solovjev, M.N. Sorokovikov, Ivan Štekl, A.P. Stromakov, E.O. Sushenok, O.V. Suvorova, V.A. Tabolenko, B.A. Tarashansky, Y.V. Yablokova, S.А. Yakovlev, D.N. Zaborov, Yu.A. Kovalev, Yu.Yu. Kovalev, A.V. Plavin, S.V. Troitsky, A.K. Erkenov, T.V. Mufakharov, Yu.V. Sotnikova, T. Hovatta, S. Kiehlmann, and A.C.S. Readhead

Published
2021
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6. Follow up of the IceCube alerts with the Baikal-GVD telescope

Author

V.Y. Dik, V.A. Allakhverdyan, A.D. Avrorin, A.V. Avrorin, V.M. Aynutdinov, R. Bannasch, Z. Bardačová, I.A. Belolaptikov, I.V. Borina, V.B. Brudanin, N.M. Budnev, G.V. Domogatsky, A.A. Doroshenko, R. Dvornický, A.N. Dyachok, Zh.-A.M. Dzhilkibaev, E. Eckerová, T.V. Elzhov, L. Fajt, S.V. Fialkovski, A.R. Gafarov, K.V. Golubkov, N.S. Gorshkov, T.I. Gress, M.S. Katulin, K.G. Kebkal, O.G. Kebkal, E.V. Khramov, M.M. Kolbin, K.V. Konischev, K.A. Kopański, A.V. Korobchenko, A.P. Koshechkin, V.A. Kozhin, M.V. Kruglov, M.K. Kryukov, V.F. Kulepov, Pa. Malecki, Y.M. Malyshkin, M.B. Milenin, R.R. Mirgazov, D.V. Naumov, V. Nazari, W. Noga, D.P. Petukhov, E.N. Pliskovsky, M.I. Rozanov, V.D. Rushay, E.V. Ryabov, G.B. Safronov, B.A. Shaybonov, M.D. Shelepov, F. Šimkovic, A.E. Sirenko, A.V. Skurikhin, A.G. Solovjev, M.N. Sorokovikov, I. Štekl, A.P. Stromakov, E.O. Sushenok, O.V. Suvorova, V.A. Tabolenko, B.A. Tarashansky, Y.V. Yablokova, S.A. Yakovlev, and D.N. Zaborov

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

The high-energy muon neutrino events of the IceCube telescope, that are triggered as neutrino alerts in one of two probability ranks of astrophysical origin, "gold" and "bronze", have been followed up by the Baikal-GVD in a fast quasi-online mode since September 2020. Search for correlations between alerts and GVD events reconstructed in two modes, muon-track and cascades (electromagnetic or hadronic showers), for the time windows $ \pm $ 1 h and $ \pm $ 12 h does not indicate statistically significant excess of the measured events over the expected number of background events. Upper limits on the neutrino fluence will be presented for each alert., Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, Proceedings for the VLVnT 2021 conference, submitted to JINST

Published
2021
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7. Technique for suppression of background cascades produced by atmospheric muon bundles in the Baikal-GVD

Author

V.A. Allakhverdyan, A.D. Avrorin, A.V. Avrorin, V.M. Aynutdinov, R. Bannasch, Z. Bardačová, I.A. Belolaptikov, I.V. Borina, V.B. Brudanin, N.M. Budnev, V.Y. Dik, G.V. Domogatsky, A.A. Doroshenko, R. Dvornický, A.N. Dyachok, Zh.-A.M. Dzhilkibaev, E. Eckerová, T.V. Elzhov, L. Fajt, S.V. Fialkovski, A.R. Gafarov, K.V. Golubkov, N.S. Gorshkov, T.I. Gress, M.S. Katulin, K.G. Kebkal, O.G. Kebkal, E.V. Khramov, M.M. Kolbin, K.V. Konischev, K.A. Kopański, A.V. Korobchenko, A.P. Koshechkin, V.A. Kozhin, M.V. Kruglov, M.K. Kryukov, V.F. Kulepov, Pa. Malecki, Y.M. Malyshkin, M.B. Milenin, R.R. Mirgazov, D.V. Naumov, V. Nazari, W. Noga, D.P. Petukhov, E.N. Pliskovsky, M.I. Rozanov, V.D. Rushay, E.V. Ryabov, G.B. Safronov, B.A. Shaybonov, M.D. Shelepov, F. Šimkovic, A.E. Sirenko, A.V. Skurikhin, A.G. Solovjev, M.N. Sorokovikov, I. Štekl, A.P. Stromakov, E.O. Sushenok, O.V. Suvorova, V.A. Tabolenko, B.A. Tarashansky, Y.V. Yablokova, S.A. Yakovlev, and D.N. Zaborov

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

Baikal-GVD (Gigaton Volume Detector) is a neutrino telescope located in pure water of Lake Baikal. At the current stage (season 2021), detector is composed of 2304 optical modules arranged in 8 clusters. In searching for neutrino cascade events, light patterns produced via discrete stochastic energy losses along muon tracks create the most abundant background. Methods to separate cascade-like events from tracks and neutrino cascades in a single cluster have been developed and optimized. One of the method tries to find the maximum number of track hits amongst cascade hits, which are present in the muon bundle event. Other ones rely on the distributions of charges and positions of hits on optical modules associated with cascade events. All suppression methods were optimized by the Monte Carlo simulation datasets.

Published
2022
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8. Method and portable bench for tests of the laser optical calibration system components for the Baikal-GVD underwater neutrino Cherenkov telescope

Author

V.A. Allakhverdyan, A.D. Avrorin, A.V. Avrorin, V.M. Aynutdinov, R. Bannasch, Z. Bardačová, I.A. Belolaptikov, I.V. Borina, V.B. Brudanin, N.M. Budnev, V.Y. Dik, G.V. Domogatsky, A.A. Doroshenko, R. Dvornický, A.N. Dyachok, Zh.-A.M. Dzhilkibaev, E. Eckerová, T.V. Elzhov, L. Fajt, S.V. Fialkovski, A.R. Gafarov, K.V. Golubkov, N.S. Gorshkov, T.I. Gress, M.S. Katulin, K.G. Kebkal, O.G. Kebkal, E.V. Khramov, M.M. Kolbin, K.V. Konischev, K.A. Kopański, A.V. Korobchenko, A.P. Koshechkin, V.A. Kozhin, M.V. Kruglov, M.K. Kryukov, V.F. Kulepov, Pa. Malecki, Y.M. Malyshkin, M.B. Milenin, R.R. Mirgazov, D.V. Naumov, V. Nazari, W. Noga, D.P. Petukhov, E.N. Pliskovsky, M.I. Rozanov, V.D. Rushay, E.V. Ryabov, G.B. Safronov, B.A. Shaybonov, M.D. Shelepov, F. Šimkovic, A.E. Sirenko, A.V. Skurikhin, A.G. Solovjev, M.N. Sorokovikov, I. Štekl, A.P. Stromakov, E.O. Sushenok, O.V. Suvorova, V.A. Tabolenko, B.A. Tarashansky, Y.V. Yablokova, S.A. Yakovlev, and D.N. Zaborov

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

The large-scale deep underwater Cherenkov neutrino telescopes like Baikal-GVD, ANTARES or KM3NeT, require calibration and testing methods of their optical modules. These methods usually include laser-based systems which allow to check the telescope responses to the light and for real-time monitoring of the optical parameters of water such as absorption and scattering lengths, which show seasonal changes in natural reservoirs of water. We will present a testing method of a laser calibration system and a set of dedicated tools developed for Baikal- GVD, which includes a specially designed and built, compact, portable, and reconfigurable scanning station. This station is adapted to perform fast quality tests of the underwater laser sets just before their deployment in the telescope structure, even on ice, without darkroom. The testing procedure includes the energy stability test of the laser device, 3D scan of the light emission from the diffuser and attenuation test of the optical elements of the laser calibration system. The test bench consists primarily of an automatic mechanical scanner with a movable Si detector, beam splitter with a reference Si detector and, optionally, Q-switched diode-pumped solid-state laser used for laboratory scans of the diffusers. The presented test bench enables a three-dimensional scan of the light emission from diffusers, which are designed to obtain the isotropic distribution of photons around the point of emission. The results of the measurement can be easily shown on a 3D plot immediately after the test and may be also implemented to a dedicated program simulating photons propagation in water, which allows to check the quality of the diffuser in the scale of the Baikal-GVD telescope geometry., Comment: Presented at the VLVnT - Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescope Workshop, Valencia, 18-21 May 2021

Published
2021
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9. Luminescence of Baikal water as a dynamic background of the Baikal-GVD Neutrino Telescope

Author

V.A. Allakhverdyan, A.D. Avrorin, A.V. Avrorin, V.M. Aynutdinov, R. Bannasch, Z. Bardačová, I.A. Belolaptikov, I.V. Borina, V.B. Brudanin, N.M. Budnev, V.Y. Dik, G.V. Domogatsky, A.A. Doroshenko, R. Dvornický, A.N. Dyachok, Zh.-A.M. Dzhilkibaev, E. Eckerová, T.V. Elzhov, L. Fajt, S.V. Fialkovski, A.R. Gafarov, K.V. Golubkov, N.S. Gorshkov, T.I. Gress, M.S. Katulin, K.G. Kebkal, O.G. Kebkal, E.V. Khramov, M.M. Kolbin, K.V. Konischev, K.A. Kopański, A.V. Korobchenko, A.P. Koshechkin, V.A. Kozhin, M.V. Kruglov, M.K. Kryukov, V.F. Kulepov, Pa. Malecki, Y.M. Malyshkin, M.B. Milenin, R.R. Mirgazov, D.V. Naumov, V. Nazari, W. Noga, D.P. Petukhov, E.N. Pliskovsky, M.I. Rozanov, V.D. Rushay, E.V. Ryabov, G.B. Safronov, B.A. Shaybonov, M.D. Shelepov, F. Šimkovic, A.E. Sirenko, A.V. Skurikhin, A.G. Solovjev, M.N. Sorokovikov, I. Štekl, A.P. Stromakov, E.O. Sushenok, O.V. Suvorova, V.A. Tabolenko, B.A. Tarashansky, Y.V. Yablokova, S.A. Yakovlev, and D.N. Zaborov

Subjects
Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

The Baikal-GVD is a neutrino telescope situated in the deepest freshwater lake in the world — Lake Baikal. The design of the Baikal-GVD trigger system allows also to study the ambient light of the lake. The analysis of the optical light activity of Baikal water, particularly, time and spatial variations of the luminescence activity for data collected in years 2018, 2019, and 2020 is presented. For the first time we observed highly luminescent layer moving upwards with maximal speed of 28 m/day in January 2021.

Published
2021
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