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This paper presents a mixed integer nonlinear programming model to determine the optimal ordering policy for group B items in ABC analysis. We model a multi-product inventory control system using different policies, including a continuous review policy, a periodic review policy, and a base stock policy. Also, limitations on the shortage, service level, and storage space have been considered in the model to match the actual world conditions. Three meta-heuristic algorithms named differential evolution, swarm robotics, and imperialist competitive were used to find a solution that minimizes the system's total cost. The results showed that the differential evolution works better than other algorithms. In addition, the base stock policy is the optimal policy for ordering group B items. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in the structure of grain supplies in Europe, difficulties with logistics, as well as sanctions pressure instruments have significantly transformed the functioning mechanisms of global food markets. As a result, for food exporting regions the importance of issues related to the study of the structure and dynamics of exports, as well as assessing the prospects of certain types of products, is increasing. Purpose. To propose an approach to assessing the dynamics and structure of exports of the Altai Territory in relation to products of plant origin based on quantitative methods. The information basis of the study was data on the export of plant products of the agro-industrial complex of the Altai Territory for 2013 - 2020. Methods and materials. The authors proposed a comprehensive assessment of the state of exports by product groups and types of products, including the calculation of growth rates, shares in export volumes (ABC analysis) and the coefficient of variation (XYZ analysis using a modified method) over a number of years. The methodology provided for a consistent deepening of the ABC analysis for the leading groups of the relevant populations. Results. Based on the results of ABC and modified XYZ analysis, the export positions of products of plant origin in the Altai Territory were ranked, and a conclusion was made about the narrow specialization of exports and the instability of its volumes.

This article analyses tourism industry competitiveness in Czechia using statistical and economic research methods. The scientific contribution of this study is defined in three ways: (i) the study of the competitiveness of the tourism industry in the 13 Czech regions and Prague, using Porter's model of the five forces of competition, has identified a significant level of competition among regions and a small impact of substitute services; moreover, based on the model, the use of substitute services among neighbouring regions in the tourism industry outside the country is recommended; (ii) the result of an ABC analysis, which covers all functions of the tourism industry in the Czech regions, is to strengthen the positions of powerful regions in the tourism industry by reducing the cost of prices for tourism services; (iii) based on the results of building a strategic map of the tourism industry in the Czech regions, it is recommended to strengthen advertising activities for certain regions, which will increase the cash flow in the tourism industry in the Czech regions. The study confirms that the tourism industry is one of the industries that continues to benefit from competitive advantages, a finding which should benefit the Czech tourism industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A local brand forum outlet sells Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) products with inventory management still carried out manually based on employee experience. The research objectives are to analyze problems related to the inventory system and provide recommendations for planning and controlling inventory systems at a Local Brand Forum (FBL) outlet. Primary data was collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The method used is ABC analysis to obtain the product classification. The results showed that 16 items (19.05%) are included in class A, with a total sales value of 69.55% of the total value for money. Class B has 25 product items (29.76%) with a total sales value of 20.29% of the total value for money. Products in class C are 43 items (51.19%) with a total sales value of 10.16% of the total value for money. As much as 43.75% of products in class A are nine basic commodities which are the basic needs of the Indonesian people, so they have a high priority in inventory control. These results are expected to provide planning and inventory control systems using the ABC class of products to avoid shortages and overstock inventory.

Inventory management covers the processes of effectively controlling, planning and improving the inventory flow within the supply chain of an enterprise. In today's dynamic business world, effective inventory management is of great importance for companies to gain competitive advantage. Developing the right strategies, minimising costs and responding quickly to customer demands are the most important issues of inventory management.In this study, by using ABC analysis, neutrosophic AHP and WASPAS methods, the inventory management processes of a spare parts supplier active in container handling equipment were analysed comparatively and suggestions for improvement were presented..In the first stage of the study, ABC analysis method was used, and the classification process was applied to the identified parts according to their annual cost and usage numbers. Then, Neutrosophic AHP method was used to determine the criteria weights used in inventory management. This step was used to identify the important performance criteria and to evaluate the alignment of these criteria with the company objectives. The part models determined by the WASPAS method were evaluated in terms of each criterion and rankings were obtained. As a result, quality assurance" criterion is the most important factor in inventory management. ABC and WASPAS rankings were compared, some differences were observed. The findings revealed that the integrated model provides a more effective and measurable approach to inventory management. To the best of our knowledge, it is hoped that the proposed methodology will contribute to the literature by being used for the first time in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Hospitals must timely provide qualified health services to the community, so pharmaceutical supply management is very important. Appropriate drug supply control has a major impact on service quality to the patients. This study aimed to analyze the drug inventory control system in the planning and procurement stages by analyzing ABC, VEN, and ABC-VEN combinations. This study is an observational descriptive study using retrospective data collected at the pharmaceutical installation of X Private Hospital in Waru, Sidoarjo Regency, in 2019-2020. The drugs analyzed were orals, injections, and infusions, and the inventory control was analyzed using ABC, VEN, and ABC-VEN Analysis in 2019-2020. This study showed differences in ABC-VEN drug class, changes in the parenteral multivitamin group from C-N to A-V, and antibiotics (Ceftriaxone) from B-E to A-V groups. Group changes caused changes in priorities in procurement and inventory control, which happened due to the Covid-19 pandemic occurring in Indonesia and throughout the world. Based on SWOT analysis, strategic development is to develop a Hospital Information System and increase the competence and skills of pharmaceutical staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In practice, there is a very often inaccurate recording of nonconforming production, resulting in waste and increasing wastefulness. This has a direct impact on the efficiency and profitability of production. This article deals with the analysis of non-conforming production in terms of the development of retained units for evaluation by the quality department and in terms of the development of scrap in a company involved in the production of tubes for the automotive and energy industries. The bottlenecks in the production process have been investigated and analysed, and the necessary measures have subsequently been determined. A new perspective on the issue of mismatched production was obtained, and new solutions were found that helped the company improve the efficiency of its production processes and thus increase its competitiveness. The analyses of non-conforming production presented in the paper are applicable in many enterprises. When the efficiency of production is increased, unnecessary losses are avoided. This will satisfy the philosophy of lean manufacturing, which aims to produce products in the shortest possible time with minimal cost.

The article presents an overview of specialized medical information systems that perform ABC/VEN analysis. It provides a comparison of specific examples, describes their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the possibility of automating the processes of searching for information on the proven effectiveness of drugs, selecting alternative drugs within one ATC group, selecting alternative drugs within the framework of the current clinical recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, assessing drug-drug interactions, as well as the reference information from the instructions for use of the drugs.

The ABC analysis is an established inventory control technique in the industry wherein the available inventory is divided into three categories. It is similar to the Pareto principle and provides a mechanism to segregate the material into different categories based on their values to the industries. This study presents a novel approach of extending the concept of ABC analysis to the companies visiting the institutes for conducting the campus interview. The primary objective of this study was to enhance the quality and number of placements in the institute by classifying the industries as per the ABC analysis. The data of 268 companies visiting the institute over a period of eight years was documented and analyzed. After careful deliberations, a formula was established to determine the value of each company offering placements. The percentage value obtained for every company was used to segregate the companies into A, B and C categories. For calculations, the study has considered only the number of placements and average package offered by the visiting companies. Thereafter certain initiatives were undertaken by the institute for engaging with the industries. The motive was to enhance the quality of placements and to increase the industry-institute interactions in the institute. It was observed that the implementation of various initiatives led to an increase in the number of placements, average and maximum package. Within a year, the placements increased by 121 while the maximum package increased to 4.6 Lakhs. Pro-active engagement with the 'A' category companies have also resulted in additional benefits such as scholarships for needy students, increase in internships for students and increase in footfall of the industry experts and establishment of Centre of Excellence. The present study is a unique attempt to enhance the quality and number of placements in educational institutions. It represents a logical extension of a simple and commonly used technique in a different domain. This approach can be applied to any educational institute with suitable modifications for increasing the industry-institute interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to present the impact of the developed dynamic ABC tool on inventory management within the operations of a third-party logistics (3PL) company. Design/methodology/approach: The research focused on designing the dynamic ABC tool and subsequently using it in a case study involving 52 customers for whom a 3PL logistics operator provides services. The customers were grouped into categories such as food, nonfood, pharma, and other, and the study encompassed 10 physical depots located in Poland and the Czech Republic. Findings: The implementation of the dynamic ABC tool will influence the inventory management of the 3PL company. Furthermore, the dynamic ABC tool performs similarly under various conditions for different types of customers, which could indicate its attributes related to universality of application. Research limitations/implications: The main limitations of the study are the p-value results from the conducted correlation analysis, suggesting that alternative tests should be considered for correlations. Additionally, the conducted quantitative studies should, in the author's opinion, be complemented by a thorough qualitative analysis of the described phenomena. Originality/value: The presented results provide a significant contribution to understanding the impact of a dynamic SKU classification approach on inventory management in the context of a logistics operator. Through literature analysis, it can be observed that traditional ABC methods primarily rely on historical data, limiting their flexibility. In this context, dynamic ABC analysis, combining classification with predictive data analysis, could serve as a valuable tool for enhancing inventory management efficiency [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: This approach can assist industrial logistics professionals in obtaining a fresh viewpoint toward their decarbonization strategy. This article explores how different types of inventories affect the costs of decarbonizing transportation in manufacturing companies. For these companies, it is difficult to find affordable ways to reduce emissions from transportation given their resource scarcity. Additionally, they handle numerous inventory items that have varying transportation needs based on their order frequency and value, which necessitates the development of tailored inventory management strategies. One tool to do so efficiently is the ABC/XYZ analysis, which classifies items into nine different inventory categories. These groups have different economic importance and predictability, which impacts total logistics costs. Our literature analysis contends that lower-carbon transportation alternatives yield varying abatement costs contingent upon the specific inventory categories. Subsequently, we empirically validate this proposition through discrete-event simulations in two case studies involving Austrian manufacturing enterprises, employing combined road-rail transportation as an illustrative decarbonization measure. Statistical tests substantiate the significance of the XYZ dimension in influencing carbon emission abatement costs during the transition from road to rail transportation. In conclusion, our study offers a novel perspective on decarbonization efforts, underscoring the importance of leveraging established management tools to inform strategic decarbonization decisions. This research holds promise for catalyzing progress in overcoming entrenched challenges associated with decarbonization initiatives within industrial logistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the analysis of the structure of Ukrainian exports based on the use of the ABC method. Its purpose is to assess the prospects of various product groups in the future model of Ukraine’s foreign trade based on the use of microeconomic analysis methods. The article substantiates methodical approaches to the division of individual goods of positions A, B and C depending on their specific weight in the total income from exports. Based on the data for 2021 (the last pre-war year of export growth), 5 commodity items that provide more than 75% of export income (group A) and 10 commodity items that make up more than 90% of exports (A+B) were selected. It is these positions that should be the focus of the state’s attention on the formation of export policy. The performed grouping was used to analyze the trends of changes in the export structure over the last 10 years. It was found that in group A, two product positions (chapters XV and XVI according to the Ukrainian classification of goods of foreign economic activity - UCG FEA) have a steady tendency to weaken positions, as well as two other positions (chapters II and III), on the contrary, constantly increase their specific weight in total exports. This phenomenon is qualified as deindustrialization of Ukrainian exports. In order to identify the growth potential of Ukrainian exports and justify the basic principles of the formation of the post-war foreign economic strategy, the ABC analysis was supplemented by the calculation of the elasticity coefficient for individual commodity items, which is defined as the ratio of the percentage change in income from the corresponding commodity item to the percentage change in the total value of commodity exports for the corresponding year. The analysis of the obtained results showed that goods from section XV (Precious metals and products thereof) are characterized by high elasticity both in periods of growth of total exports and its reduction. This gave reason to assume that the main factors of the dynamics of this part of exports lie outside the country’s borders, and therefore it should not form the basis of foreign trade strategy in post-war Ukraine. On the contrary, goods from sections I, II, III and IV (goods related to agro-industrial complexes) have low elasticity, their export is characterized by stability. However, due to these reasons, they also do not have significant growth potential, and therefore should be considered not as a driver, but as a stabilizer of foreign trade. The goods of group XVI (Machines, equipment and mechanisms; electrical equipment) have the greatest potential. Therefore, in the post-war strategy of foreign economic activity, a special place should be given to the stimulation of both the production and export of these goods, as well as the creation of special conditions for investors (domestic and foreign) who are ready to invest in export-oriented machine-building enterprises.

ABC analysis has wide applications in the domain of management. Myriads of innovative models have been put forward in this context. Unfortunately, for a dataset, these methods could only reveal diverse solutions. Also, hardly any investigation stressed the extent of inequality obtained from any classification. This paper extends the linear model proposed by Ramanathan (Comput Oper Res 33(3):695–700, 2006) to delineate a non-linear model embedded with a Support Vector Machine to derive the weights needed for each class from the training data. A rank-based approach is preferred to classify the testing data. Lastly, to compare the extent of inequality evoked from the output of the model, an Ideal Lorenz curve is developed as a benchmark. Chiefly, this framework controls the cumulative percentage scores against the cumulative percentage population size of the elements within each group to get a better inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study on cost modeling at Walchandnagar Industries Ltd. delves into the critical aspects of cost analysis and modeling within the context of this esteemed industrial organization. Cost modeling plays a pivotal role in a company's strategic decision-making process, and this research aims to shed light on the methodologies, practices, and insights applied by Walchandnagar Industries Ltd. in managing its costs. This comprehensive analysis involves an exploration of the fundamental principles of cost modeling, encompassing both traditional and contemporary approaches. It examines how the company allocates and tracks costs across its various departments and operations, highlighting the intricacies of cost allocation methodologies employed. Through a blend of qualitative and quantitative analyses, the study offers insights into the impact of cost modeling on the company's financial performance, competitiveness, and overall sustainability. It assesses the outcomes of cost modeling initiatives and their alignment with the organization's broader objectives. Ultimately, this study not only provides a comprehensive overview of cost modeling practices at Walchandnagar Industries Ltd. but also offers valuable lessons and best practices that can be applied in diverse industrial settings. It underscores the importance of cost modeling as a strategic tool for enhancing efficiency, profitability, and competitiveness in today's dynamic business environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Langgeng Jaya is a retail business engaged in the sale of construction materials and building tools. TB. Langgeng Jaya has erratic demand historical data. So the problem arises how much inventory is needed. Building materials in TB. Langgeng Jaya is obtained from quite a lot of distributors or suppliers with different lead times for each company. Inefficient management results in problems in product inventory such as out of stock and excess stock of building materials being sold. To overcome this problem, the method used in this research is Always Better Control (ABC) and Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) analysis. The ABC method is used to classify a large number of product types into three groups, namely group A, group B, and group C. In this approach it results that those included in group A are 30 types of products with a monetary value percentage of 77.46%. group B there are 31 types of products with a monetary value of 12.57%, while for group C there are 89 types of products with a monetary value of 9.97%. Group A has a higher cumulative price percentage value than groups B and C which will later become the focus for further processing using the EOQ method. By using the EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) multi-item multi-supplier and single item single-supplier policies, this can reduce the costs incurred from ordering goods from suppliers. The results of the EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) method approach, namely the difference in costs incurred by the average company, are Rp. 1,192,537.

Article highlights We focus on the order picking process optimization. An analytic hierarchical process model is formulated. Some managerial implications for warehouses managers are proposed.

The realities of today and the increasing turbulence of the external environment force economic entities to respond quickly to market pulsations. Accordingly, marketing is an effective tool for the growth of the restaurant business and determines the philosophy of its management, and timely marketing analysis of the menu ensures strengthening of positions in the market and victory in the competition. The purpose of the study is to further develop the methodological provisions for the restaurants’ menu analysis in order to increase the profitability level of such establishments. The article substantiates the relevance of using ABC analysis of the menu as one of the most effective marketing tools in the restaurant business, the results of which change prices, exclude items that are not sold from the menu, or vice versa, new products are introduced, the implementation of dishes that are most profitable for the restaurant is activated. Taking into account the specifics of restaurant facilities, it is proposed to carry out a classic ABC analysis not by one, but by three effective indicators: volume of sales, revenue, and gross profit, which allows for a multidimensional analysis of the menu by determining for each dish a combination of three letters denoting the selected parameters (AAA, ABA, ABC, BBC, SSS, etc.). Recommendations for 27 possible combinations of selected parameters have been formed and directions for increasing sales volumes, increasing prices and reducing the cost of dishes are outlined. So, ABC analysis allows identifying «leader dishes» and «outsider dishes» in the menu, as well as to make a decision about the assortment of dishes on the menu: identify dishes that need to be more actively promoted; identify dishes that need to be worked on in terms of cost reduction; adjust pricing in the menu in the direction of decreasing or increasing the selling price; justify the expediency of spending on certain types of raw materials, in particular, on those positions with low sales volumes; identify dishes that overlap in the composition of ingredients; identify menu groups that need to be expanded, as well as positions that can be safely replaced with new ones or simply removed from the menu.

This paper proposes a multi-product multi-warehouse model to select the best inventory review policy for the group B items in ABC analysis. Products are in multiple warehouses at the same echelon to meet customers' demands considering some operational constraints. The major limitation is on the warehouses' capacities that may induce stockout or overstock situations. Hence, a lateral transshipment approach is employed to diminish inventory management issues and support industries in emergency conditions. Due to the complexity of the problem, several hybrid metaheuristic algorithms are proposed to solve the model. In addition, the Taguchi method tunes the main parameters of the algorithms to improve the quality of solutions. Afterward, the effects of the shortage cost and inventory holding cost are evaluated by conducting sensitivity analyses. The results show a lateral transshipment approach can be a tool for diminishing system costs, as well as, the inventory review policy is sensitive to the change of these parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim: to conduct a clinical and economic analysis of the state of pharmaceutical support for patients with breast cancer in women. Materials and methods. During the research, data from the National List of Essential Medicines, the 14th State Formulary of Medicines, the Ukrainian clinical protocol, the clinical protocols of Great Britain and the United States of America for the treatment of breast cancer, and a depersonalized database of drug prescriptions were used. The research used such methods as clinical-economic, organizational-economic, mathematical-statistical, graphic, grouping and generalization. Research results. It was established that 46 schemes of schemes for the treatment of breast cancer are presented in Ukrainian and international clinical protocols (Great Britain, USA). In all three protocols, there were 5 regimens for the treatment of breast cancer, such as CMF (Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexat, Fluorouracil), AC (Doxorubicin, Cyclophosphamide), DC (Docetaxel, Cyclophosphamide), TC (Trastuzumab, Capecitabin), EC (Epirubicin, Cyclophosphamide). Analysis of the pharmaceutical component in the protocols for individual drugs showed that they included 23 drugs according to the INN, which belong to the group of antineoplastic drugs. The Ukrainian clinical protocol includes 17 drugs, the British protocol - 14 drugs, and the American one - 15 drugs. The frequency analysis of antineoplastic drugs included in the Ukrainian clinical protocol revealed the TOP-3 in terms of drug prescription frequency: L01A A01 Cyclophosphamide (Ki=0.037), L01C D02 Docetaxel (Ki=0.029), L01D B01 Doxorubicin (Ki=0.026). The largest number of prescribed drugs are vital drugs - 61.96 %, the smallest share - essential drugs - 2.17 %, and the share of non-essential drugs is 35.87 %. The ABC analysis made it possible to determine the group of the most expensive drugs in the treatment of breast cancer - these are antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents. The total expenses for this group amounted to UAH 772,459.96, which according to the US dollar exchange rate of the National Bank of Ukraine at the end of August 2022 was USD 21,122.77. According to the analysis of the matrix of the integrated ABC-VEN-frequency analysis, it was established that the largest number of prescriptions belonged to the group of less expensive and vital drugs (B/V) - 7 drugs (48.73 % of the total amount. At the same time, the largest amount of expenses is observed in for the A/V group - UAH 772,459.96 (52.83 % of all costs directed to the pharmaceutical support of patients). The results of the structural analysis of the group of the most expensive drugs showed that the highest costs were characteristic of L01CD02 Docetaxel (UAH 1166,531.31; 39.81 % of the total cost in the group), and the lowest - for L01DB01 Doxorubicin - UAH 63,694.14 (5.46 %, respectively). Conclusions. According to the results of the conducted research, it was established that the largest costs fall on the group of essential drugs (1047735.07 UAH, 71.65 % of all costs). This determines the need for further pharmacoeconomic calculations of breast cancer treatment to optimize the costs of antineoplastic drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Günümüzde envanter, bir işletme için küresel sistemde önemli kâr edebilme noktalarından biri haline gelmiştir. Depoda yapılan bir iyileştirme, firma etkinliğini yüksek oranda artırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, mevcut düzeni rastgele yerleşim olan bir firmadaki depo içi taşımaları minimize etmek amacıyla, bir dizi matematiksel analiz ve modelleme yöntemlerinin belli bir sıra dahilinde uygulanmasını içeren bir yaklaşım geliştirilmiştir. İlk adımda ürünlerin önem düzeylerinin belirlenmesi için alan gereksinimleri ve depo içindeki hareket miktarları kullanılarak Pareto ve ABC Analizleri yapılmıştır. Bu analizlere göre matematiksel modellemede kullanılacak katsayılar belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen katsayılar, alanların kapıya uzaklıkları ve bazı parametreler kullanılarak problemin matematiksel modeli kurulmuş ve bu model, LINGO programı kullanılarak çözülmüştür. Çözüm sonucunda ürünlerin depolarda olması gereken optimum konumlar belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak üç ayrı depoda, ürünlerin depo içi taşıma miktarlarında ortalama %14,9 iyileştirme sağlanmıştır. Kullanılan sıralı yöntemler sayesinde stok yerleşimi düzenli ve daha az maliyetli hale gelmiştir. Aynı zamanda deponun ve uzun vadede işletmenin etkinliğinin yüksek oranda artması sağlanmıştır.

This article explores how different types of inventories affect the costs of decarbonizing transportation in manufacturing companies. For these companies, it is difficult to find affordable ways to reduce emissions from transportation given their resource scarcity. Additionally, they handle numerous inventory items that have varying transportation needs based on their order frequency and value, which necessitates the development of tailored inventory management strategies. One tool to do so efficiently is the ABC/XYZ analysis, which classifies items into nine different inventory categories. These groups have different economic importance and predictability, which impacts total logistics costs. Our literature analysis contends that lower-carbon transportation alternatives yield varying abatement costs contingent upon the specific inventory categories. Subsequently, we empirically validate this proposition through discrete-event simulations in two case studies involving Austrian manufacturing enterprises, employing combined road-rail transportation as an illustrative decarbonization measure. Statistical tests substantiate the significance of the XYZ dimension in influencing carbon emission abatement costs during the transition from road to rail transportation. In conclusion, our study offers a novel perspective on decarbonization efforts, underscoring the importance of leveraging established management tools to inform strategic decarbonization decisions. This research holds promise for catalyzing progress in overcoming entrenched challenges associated with decarbonization initiatives within industrial logistics.

Magarsa Bayissa Deressa,1,2 Tamirat Bekele Beressa,2 Awol Jemal1 1School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; 2Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Tamirat Bekele Beressa, Email tamiratbekele12@gmail.comBackground: The medical materials, medical supplies, and medicines cover about one-third of the annual health care organization’s budget. Effective inventory management is required to balance inventory expenditure against demands for medications. The study aimed to analyze the pharmaceuticals inventory management using ABC-VEN Matrix in selected health facilities of the West Shewa zone.Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in health facilities of the West Shewa zone from March 15, 2019, to May 31, 2019, and analyzed by using an MS Excel spreadsheet.Results: At selected public health facilities of West Shewa zone in three years between September 12, 2015, and September 5, 2018, about 539 pharmaceutical items were utilized and consumed 30,837,628.61 ETB. ABC analysis indicated that 64 (11.9%), 68 (13.74%), and 38 (11.14%) of items were classified as the class “A” items and consumed around 70% of the total pharmaceutical expenditures (TPE) at selected health facilities (aggregated), hospitals, and health centers (HC), respectively. VEN analysis revealed that 115 (35.94%), 99 (35.61%), and 40 (20.83%) items were categorized as vitals and consumed 53.9%, 51.59%, and 36.93% of TPE at selected health facilities. ABC-VEN matrix analysis indicated that category I items consumed 85% of TPE.Conclusion: ABC-VEN matrix analysis of present study showed that the category I pharmaceuticals consumed a majority of TPE that need great attention for control.Keywords: ABC analysis, VEN analysis, ABC-VEN matrix analysis, West Shewa, Oromia, Ethiopia

The most appropriate procedures in the inventory organization area are inventory arrangements based on ABC investigation, a well-known technique for establishing the objects in a different collection, giving their status and principles. This research Bi- A mathematical goal to advance the inventory group founded on the ABC. The Planned model instantly improves the amenity level, the amount of inventory grouping, and the number of due things. An Arithmetical model is available in this study to categorize inventory objects, considering significant revenue and rate decrease catalogues. The model aims to maximize the net gain of available items. Economic and inventory constraints are also taken into account. The Benders decay and Lagrange reduction procedures respond to classical arithmetical stands. The outcomes of the two answers are then equated. TOPSIS and numerical examinations estimate the planned answers and choose the best. Later, numerous sensitivity studies on the classic were completed, which assists inventory control executives in regulating the outcome of inventory administration rates configured for optimum verdict production and element grouping. The Arithmetical diagram was run for ten different arithmetic instances, and the results of the two suggested explanations were statistically equated using a t-test. As a result, the TOPSIS technique was appropriate; the Lagrangean approach was chosen as the more fabulous technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article defines the economic essence of stocks from the point of view of domestic and foreign scholers, as well as in accordance with the legislation of Ukraine. It is specified that the main form of sale of inventory are independent wholesale and retail trade enterprises. The detailed classification of stocks, which is necessary to track the dynamics of consumer demand and planning rational volumes of purchase of products, which is important for ensuring uninterrupted sale, is considered. The main models and systems of inventory management are analyzed, such as the system with the established volume or size of the order, the system with a certain frequency of the order, the model of the optimal size of the Harris – Wilson order. The main tasks of inventory management at the enterprise are determined as follows: minimization of warehouse costs for storage of goods by accelerating the turnover of inventory; ensuring the optimal number of goods that can be sold in the near future and will bring profit. Thus, it was clarified that the main purpose of inventory management is to form and maintain their value at a level that allows for uninterrupted trade in each product at minimal cost. The process of choosing the optimal level of stocks is considered. An ABC- and XYZ-analysis based on commodity stocks of LLC «RUSH» is carried out. Recommendations for the management of different groups of goods are elaborated. It is defined that it is extremely important for any trading network to find the optimal combination between the costs and benefits of the selected level of inventories in order to determine what value of stocks for each product group or even a goods item is sufficient, as well as to choose the correct inventory management model for each category of goods

In the field of logistics, there is a daily need for decision making, i.e. the need to solve business problems by selecting an appropriate solution. During the implementation of decision-making processes, it is necessary to find an optimal solution that will best meet the needs of companies. The selection of an optimal solution is crucial for the profitability, cost-effectiveness and long-term development of companies. The decision-making process in logistics is facilitated by applying various tools such as multi-criteria decision-making methods. In this paper, an integrated SWARA (Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis) – MARCOS (Measurement Alternatives and Ranking according to Compromise Solution) model was developed and applied in order to classify products. Fifty alternatives, i.e. products were evaluated based on three criteria. The first criterion is the quantity of purchased products, the second criterion is the unit price of products and the third criterion is the annual value of purchase. The SWARA method was applied to determine the significance of the criteria, while the classification of products was performed using the MARCOS method. According to the results of the originally created MCDM model, the products were grouped into three categories A, B, and C. Then, a sensitivity analysis was performed using a model involving the integration of SWARA method and ABC analysis. Using this model, the classification of products into three groups was performed on the basis of the aforementioned criteria, and then a comparative analysis was conducted.

Introduction/background: This paper presents the possibilities offered by ABC analysis by number of releases for solving complex problems in the area under study. The use of appropriate inventory management methods makes it possible to support decisions on flows in the company's logistics system. This contributes to quick action leading to the optimisation or transformation of ongoing logistics processes and the reduction of the associated risks. Aim of the paper: The aim of the article is to present the dysfunctions in the area of inventory management in a selected company, to identify their negative impact on the implemented processes and to propose corrective actions. In addition, the importance of inventory, problems and challenges of the company based on the storage of goods is highlighted. An evaluation and recommendation of the described company is also made Materials and methods: A literature study was carried out to identify key dysfunctions in the area of stock management. In addition, a detailed analysis of stock levels and their management in the warehouse of the company "GUSPOL" was carried out using the ABC method. Results and conclusions: Based on the data provided by the company, an ABC analysis was carried out. Thanks to this, each assortment item was characterised and assigned to the corresponding ABC group. A change to the conceptual design of the warehouse was proposed, involving a change in the storage locations of the technical gas cylinders and the addition of shelving, making the floor space more functional and employee-friendly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABC analysis is a commonly used inventory classification technique which consists in splitting a large number of inventory items into three categories, A, B and C: category A consists in the most important items, category B consists in the moderately important items and category C consists in the least important ones. Through this classification, inventory items are managed in an efficient way. In this paper, we argue the benefits of cross-fertilization of both Artificial Intelligence (AI) and MultiCriteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques to carry out the ABC classification of inventory items. For this purpose, we develop some new hybrid inventory classification models based on metaheuristics (AI techniques) to generate the criteria weights and on Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method (MCDM technique) to compute the overall weighted score of each item on which the ABC classification is performed. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed classification models with respect to some classification models from the literature, a comparative study — based on a service-cost analysis and three real datasets — is conducted. The computational analysis demonstrates that our proposed hybrid models are competitive and produce satisfactory results. The results have also shown, that our proposed models outperform some existing models from the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cardiovascular disease is one of the chronic diseases with an increasing prevalence from year to year. The results of Indonesia's basic health research (RISKESDAS 2018) showed that it was experienced by 2.9% of the population. Ensuring the continuity of drug availability is very important in pharmacy services for this patient group. The history of drug use is considered in the planning dan procurement of drug products. Objective: This study aims to analyze the drug use pattern and cost of drugs for cardiology outpatients in the National Health Insurance scheme (JKN). Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted using the prescription of cardiology outpatients JKN for March-May 2021. The ABC method carried out the analysis of drug use patterns and cost. Results: From 2,986 prescriptions for cardiovascular disease, there were 94 types of drugs from 37 therapeutic classes. In the ABC analysis of drug use for class A, 68.82% contained seven types of drugs, class B, 20.55% contained nine types of drugs, and class C, 10.63% with 78 types of drugs. The results of ABC analysis for investment value (cost) of drugs class A 66.96% contained two types of drugs, class B 19.81% with four types of drugs, and class C 14.23% with 88 types of drugs. Conclusion: ABC analysis of the drug use pattern and cost/investment showed different patterns which had value to consider in procurement planning to maintain service continuity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable techniques in distribution centers, such as automation that reduces the land area needed, can be utilized. Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems (AS/RS) are used to efficiently manage the flow of pallets and carton cases in distribution centers. There are two types of AS/RS: one for pallets and another type for cases that are depalletized from pallets. Further enhancements on the system are obtained by investigating both warehouses together. This paper investigates an efficient approach that directly affects the conceptual design of automated distribution centers for the purpose of reducing the total costs. The tradeoff between the throughput (defined by the level of double handling) and warehouse capacity is investigated in this study by finding the best lot sizing rules for different classes of products (A, B, and C). These rules are to determine the method of moving carton cases from the first warehouse to the second one. The number of stacker cranes is determined based on the found throughput. The effect of double handling of pallets on the design is considered for the first time in this study. Analytical formulas and simulation were used to find the throughput and capacity based on the mentioned lot sizing rules. Then, an integer nonlinear model was developed to optimize the system. According to the results of the assumed data, the model can save up to 19.5%. The costs of stacker cranes were found to account for approximately 78.7% of the total costs in the best solution found. A decision support system has been developed to help decision makers find an efficient design of distribution center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Appropriate implementation and organization of logistics activities greatly contributes to the creation of a better business environment in companies. This is reflected in increased business efficiency, cost rationalization, increased productivity and better overall quality. In order for a company to achieve sustainability of its business and its competitiveness, the link between the marketing logistics system and other logistics subsystems is particularly evident. Thereby, it is necessary to lead proactive management with a focus on key resources. In this paper, two novel integrated models in fuzzy form have been created. The first model includes the integration of the fuzzy Full Consistency Method (fuzzy FUCOM) and the fuzzy Evaluation based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) method for sorting 78 products regarding the following four criteria: quantity, unit price, annual procurement costs and demand. The second model involves the integration of the fuzzy FUCOM method and ABC analysis for the purpose of inventory sorting considering different significance of criteria. A range of values has been formed for each product category within the fuzzy FUCOM and fuzzy EDAS models, on the basis of which their sorting has been performed. The advantages and verification of the developed integrated fuzzy models have been performed through comparison with former traditional approaches. It has been determined based on an extensive sensitivity analysis that the developed models have better performance compared to the existing ones. First published online 09 March 2021