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Microbial biofilm is one of the most serious problems facing poultry farms all over the world and especially in Egypt. Salmonella, E. coli and S. aureus were the highest implicated bacteria in biofilm formation in poultry farms. Consequently, 440 samples were collected from 8- broiler and 8-layer farms at El- Sharkia Province, Egypt, during the period from (July 2021 till August 2022). The objective of the study was to evaluate biofilm development capacity of the tested bacterial species by the microtiter plate (MTP) assay. Also, the efficacy of five disinfectants commonly used in poultry farms (Sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, Virkon S, glutaraldehyde and copper sulphate) with different concentrations (1, 2 and 5%) and different contact times (10, 60 and 120 m) on reducing the biofilms produced by S. Enteritidis, E. coli O78 and S. aureus was estimated. Results showed that out of 440 collected samples, 17 (3.8%), 200(45.5%) and 66 (15%) strains were identified as Salmonella, E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. 88.2%, 92% and 87.8% of the isolates of Salmonella, E. coli and S. aureus were biofilm producers. The most effective disinfectant was sodium hypochlorite which eliminated the biofilms of S. Enteritidis and E. coli O78 when used at concentration 5% for 120 m while 5% for 60 m against S. aureus biofilm. Additionally, hydrogen peroxide showed great efficiency and complete removal of biofilm of S. Enteritidis when used at concentration 2% for 120m and 5%f or 120 m against S. aureus biofilm, meanwhile removed 91% of E. coli O78 biofilm when used at concentration of 5% for 120 m. However, Copper Sulphate was insufficient disinfectant to be used against the biofilms. It can be concluded that the anti-biofilm efficiency of the disinfectants increases with the increase concentration and contact time with biofilms especially when using oxidizing disinfectants (hypochlorite and peroxides). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last decades, leafy greens were involved in numerous Salmonella outbreaks. In order to control plant contamination, it is necessary to understand pathogen behaviour both on plant and in soil of producing fields. The objectives of this study were to monitor the growth and survival of Salmonella Typhimurium on lettuce leaves (uncut and shredded) stored at 4 and 22°C for up to 14 days and in soil (manure-amended and sterile) stored at 5 and 25°C for 42 days. Lettuce samples were inoculated with 1.5 x 106 CFU g-1 of the microorganism and enumerated following storage for 0, 2, 6, 10, 14 days when held at 4°C and after 0, 2, 3 and 7 days when held at 22°C. Soil samples were inoculated with 5 x 107 CFU g-1 of S. Typhimurium and enumerated after storage at 5 and 25°C at days 0,7,14,21,28,35 and 42.The results showed that at the end of 4°C storage, populations of S. Typhimurium on uncut and shredded lettuce declined approximately one log CFU g-1, however, at 22°C populations of the microorganism increased approximately 2 and 3 log CFU g-1 on uncut and shredded lettuce, respectively within 3 days. In addition, S. Typhimurium counts were found to be significantly higher on shredded than uncut lettuce stored at 22°C. In soil, population density of S. Typhimurium was found to decrease over time. The greatest and fastest decline in level of microorganism was recorded in manure-amended soil within 21 days of storage at 25°C, meanwhile, in sterile soil stored at 5°C the pathogen showed the lowest decrease and remained detectable up to end of examination (42 days). Significantly higher levels and survival of S. Typhimurium were detected in sterile soil than manure-amended soil and at 5°C than 25°C storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study to determine the prevalence of Salmonella in water samples from two wastewater agricultural drains. Topics discussed include detection of Salmonella in wastewater agricultural drains samples, water and sediment of irrigation canals, cattle faeces, and workers stool, occurrence of Salmonella in lettuce, cabbage, and Egyptian clover, and detection of Salmonella typhimurium.

The article discusses a study on the toxin genotyping of Clostridium perfringens, a spore forming bacterium, taken from Egyptian broiler and layer farms. Topics include a description of the Clostridium perfringens occurrence from November 2013 to March 2014, a discussion of the methods and materials such as the farms design and the samples collection, and an analysis of the results.