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North Korean (NK) refugee women face unique challenges in their acculturation process in South Korea (SK), often leading to higher rates of depression among them. This study uses the Multidimensional Individual Difference Acculturation (MIDA) model to examine the role of societal and local community factors in facilitating cultural adaptation and influencing mental health issues, such as depression, among NK refugee women. The study focuses on three predictors from the MIDA model: out‐group social support, attachment to NK culture, and daily life experience of discrimination. Data from a sample of 212 NK refugee women in SK were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The findings highlight the crucial role of the social and community environment in attaining a balance between embracing a new culture and preserving one's connection to one's heritage culture. This balance is essential for promoting stable cultural adaptation, sound mental health, and overall well‐being, so as to reduce the incidence of depression among NK refugee women. Based on the results, specific intervention strategies are proposed to support the acculturation journey of NK refugee women in SK. Highlights: Unique challenges in acculturation for North Korean refugee women in South Korea.The Multidimensional Individual Difference Acculturation model employed.Role of societal and local community factors in cultural adaptation and mental health.Role of social/community environment in balancing culture changes and heritage preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional sending countries of international students in East Asia have emerged as increasingly desirable higher education destinations. Yet little is known about the experiences of international students in East Asia as most research focuses on those in the Anglophone West. In this study, we explored the trajectory and interactions between intercultural communication, acculturation strategies, and adaptation outcomes of international students in Hong Kong. We conducted in-depth interviews with international students from other Asian countries (n = 14) and Western countries (n = 10). Our research reveals a paradox where international students’ eagerness to engage with diverse peers is overshadowed by limited interaction with local students. Cultural and language differences were perceived to create a wall separating them from the local students, inhibiting a cosmopolitan learning environment. Additionally, international students often gravitate towards familiar national or cultural groups, which can hinder broader integration. Sociocultural challenges and outsider feelings were also reported, potentially leading to psychological issues. We propose an interactive framework that connects intercultural communication, acculturation strategies, and adaptation outcomes. The paper offers theoretical and practical insights for policymakers, administrators, educators, and students, aiming to foster effective communication and successful acculturation in a multilingual and multicultural educational setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acculturation strategies contribute to international students’ self-assessment of Mandarin learning (ML) performance, but the mechanism remains unclear. This study employed a convergent design of mixed methods and explored the roles of acculturation strategies and local support resources in international students’ (ISs) self-assessed ML performance in Chinese universities. The quantitative findings based on the questionnaire survey (N = 520) found that ISs’ Mandarin level was positively associated with the integration strategy and local support resources (i.e. Chinese teachers and Chinese friends). Besides, integration and marginalisation mediated the relationship between support resources and self-assessed ML performance, with integration acting as a more positive mediator compared with marginalisation. Further qualitative findings based on the longitudinal data (i.e. reflective journals) supported the positive roles of integration and local support resources in self-assessed ML performance. Moreover, this study identified how ISs improved their Mandarin through positive adjustments in their acculturation strategies (e.g. from separation to integration) and active mobilisation of local support resources. These findings provide a richer understanding of the complexity and dynamism of ISs’ self-assessed ML performance. Implications were provided for ISs and Chinese universities concerning ML and support services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psychologie Française is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The relationship between acculturation and academic adjustment has been under-investigated. A mixed longitudinal design was used in this article, with study 1 employing a questionnaire survey (N = 642) to explore student sojourners' academic adjustment status and its predictors, and study 2 adopting qualitative approaches (reflective journal and interview) to track changes in acculturation strategies and adjustment experienced by a sample of 12 participants. Study 1 found that acculturation strategies (integration and marginalization) and social support (from family, Chinese friends, and teachers) were significantly associated with the academic adjustment of student sojourners in the Chinese higher education context. Integration was positively associated with academic adjustment, whereas marginalization was negatively associated. Study 2 revealed that student sojourners experienced changes in their acculturation strategies, students are suggested to embrace the integration strategy to sustain their academic journey in China. This study also provides implications for policymaking and education practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the humanitarian crisis broke out in 2011, millions of forced migrants took refuge from Syria to Türkiye. Political uncertainty continues in Syria and the hope of return for Syrians is decreasing. However, under the shadow of social and political debates about their repatriation, the integration of Syrians in Turkey is silently operating under the guise of harmonization. This study aims to comprehend the intricacies of the integration process as perceived by Syrian forced migrants. In this research, qualitative research methodology with a hermeneutic understanding and ethnographic design was used. For this reason, data are collected by making observations and 22 interviews during a long stay in the Hatay province, and these collected data are scrutinized by a combination of descriptive and content analysis. The findings of the study suggest that Syrian forced migrants, grappling with exclusion from the host society, tend to move away from integration, adopting a strategy of separation/segregation and exclusion. Moreover, Syrian forced migrants aspire to transition from a temporary protection status to a more permanent one, which underscores their desire for a more substantial integration. In this study, it is concluded that key elements such as cultural adaptation, positioning, interaction, and identification among Syrians in Hatay are not sufficiently developed. It is also concluded that Syrian migrants, rather than adopting practices conducive to integration, have majorly depended on adaptive tactics aimed at providing protection and social acceptance in their new space and society.

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Geographical Sciences / Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Cografi Bilimler Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Socially mobile minority members (i.e., those who acquire a higher status membership) adjust their social identities, and eventually show negative attitudes towards minorities, as compared to non-mobile members. We examined whether these changes could be understood as the result of individual mobility achievements, or if they already occur at an earlier stage of the mobility process, when individuals are motivated and thus psychologically anticipate achieving mobility. In two studies, we looked at Portuguese immigrants in Switzerland (Ns = 180 and 241) at three mobility stages, that is, (1) Swiss naturalized Portuguese immigrants (socially mobile), (2) non-naturalized Portuguese who strongly wished to be naturalized (high anticipators), and (3) those who wished it less (low anticipators). First, we hypothesized a progressive assimilation to (distancing from) the Swiss (Portuguese) identity and culture (from the low anticipators to the high anticipators to the mobile). As expected, increasing levels of individual mobility were associated with stronger identification with Swiss identity and adoption of the Swiss culture. Conversely, increasing levels of individual mobility were associated with gradual distancing from the Portuguese culture, but against expectations, not with disidentification from the Portuguese identity. Second, we investigated how individual mobility stages were associated with a progressive deterioration of inter-minority relations. Results showed that increasing levels of individual mobility were not associated with more negative attitudes toward immigration (Study 1) but with less collective action intentions (Study 2). We discuss the consequences of anticipated and achieved individual mobility on asymmetric intergroup relations and support for social change. Highlights: Individuals who engage in social mobility have been reported to distance themselves from their group of origin. We looked at Portuguese immigrants who engage in, or desire, social mobility by acquiring the Swiss host nationality. We demonstrate that distancing may happen already in anticipation of a naturalization, that is, for Portuguese immigrants who desire to acquire the host nationality. Results show that distancing occurred in the form of lower support for collective action and lower interests in cultural practices of the culture of origin, but not on the dimension of social identification with the culture of origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Socially mobile minority members (i.e., those who acquire a higher status membership) adjust their social identities, and eventually show negative attitudes towards minorities, as compared to non-mobile members. We examined whether these changes could be understood as the result of individual mobility achievements, or if they already occur at an earlier stage of the mobility process, when individuals are motivated and thus psychologically anticipate achieving mobility. In two studies, we looked at Portuguese immigrants in Switzerland (Ns = 180 and 241) at three mobility stages, that is, (1) Swiss naturalized Portuguese immigrants (socially mobile), (2) non-naturalized Portuguese who strongly wished to be naturalized (high anticipators), and (3) those who wished it less (low anticipators). First, we hypothesized a progressive assimilation to (distancing from) the Swiss (Portuguese) identity and culture (from the low anticipators to the high anticipators to the mobile). As expected, increasing levels of individual mobility were associated with stronger identification with Swiss identity and adoption of the Swiss culture. Conversely, increasing levels of individual mobility were associated with gradual distancing from the Portuguese culture, but against expectations, not with disidentification from the Portuguese identity. Second, we investigated how individual mobility stages were associated with a progressive deterioration of inter-minority relations. Results showed that increasing levels of individual mobility were not associated with more negative attitudes toward immigration (Study 1) but with less collective action intentions (Study 2). We discuss the consequences of anticipated and achieved individual mobility on asymmetric intergroup relations and support for social change.

While research frequently points to immigrants' resilience and, to a lesser extent, their empowerment, these processes are rarely examined together, particularly when referring to the experiences of immigrant youth who face specific challenges. To fill this gap, the present study drew on the Transconceptual Model of Empowerment and Resilience (Brodsky & Cattaneo, American Journal of Community Psychology, 52, 333–346, 2013) to explore how resilience and empowerment sustained a group of young immigrants living in Italy during the acculturation processes. Secondary data were collected, and 32 life stories written by young migrants were used as a corpus of data. The authors were aged from 15 to 22 (M = 18.2, SD = 2.04), while countries of origin and the motives behind the migration differed among them. Analysis revealed that while empowerment and resilience supported very differently the acculturation processes, acculturation strategies were not mutually exclusive and changed over time. Immigrant youth reacted to fundamental risk with actions of resilience aimed at resisting or adapting to the many difficulties they faced, engaging in forms of separation and assimilation. Results suggest that even if resilience may be sufficient to survive the challenges of settling in another country, it is unlikely to promote proper integration by itself. In order for young people to be fully integrated it is crucial to dismantle social barriers that foster discrimination while ensuring them real opportunities for empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Integration Hypothesis states that acculturating migrants who adopt the integration strategy (i.e. being doubly engaged, in both their heritage culture and in the larger national society) will have better psychological and socio‐cultural adaptation than those who adopt any other strategy (Assimilation, Separation or Marginalization). This hypothesis was supported in the original evaluation of the ICSEY project data, using the mean adaptation scores for individuals in the four acculturation clusters. This conclusion was further supported by an analysis that used scores that were derived from the two underlying dimensions. This paper further evaluates this hypothesis meta‐analytically using two new methods: Cultural Involvement and Cultural Preference; and Euclidean Distance. The results showed that these two methods provided support for the integration hypothesis, for both psychological adaptation and socio‐cultural adaptation. The pattern of relationships was stronger for positive than for negative indicators of adaptation. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores factors influencing school adjustment in immigrant students in Catalonia, Spain. Low school adjustment levels can lead to failure or dropout, particularly among immigrant students. The research analyzes acculturation strategies, intergroup contact, perceived discrimination, and origin's impact on school adjustment. Students from African, Latin American, and European backgrounds completed a questionnaire, revealing four acculturation strategies: marginalization, assimilation to Catalan culture, integration, and assimilation to Catalan and Spanish cultures. A k-means cluster analysis identified these patterns. Linear regression highlighted intergroup contact, integration vs. marginalization, and integration vs. assimilation to Catalan culture as significant predictors. Higher intergroup contact scores correlated with improved school adjustment, while adopting integration or assimilation to Catalan culture predicted better adjustment compared to marginalization. Understanding and addressing these factors is vital for enhancing immigrant students' educational experiences and reducing the risk of academic challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the relationship between identity fusion and acculturation strategies with life satisfaction in Colombian migrants in Chile. The sample consisted of 919 Colombian migrants, of whom 464 (50.5%) were women. Participants were residents of the cities of Arica (n = 219; 23.8%), Antofagasta (n = 476; 51.8%) and Santiago (n = 224; 24.4%) in Chile. The variables assessed were Identity Fusion, Acculturation Strategies and Satisfaction with Life. Structural equation modeling using the robust weighted least squares estimation method was performed to estimate the proposed model. The results indicate that, identity fusion with Colombia was positively related to attitudes toward the country of origin and life satisfaction but was negatively related to attitudes toward the host country. On the other hand, identity fusion with Chile was only positively related to attitudes toward the host country. Finally, attitudes towards the country of origin presented indirect effects between identity fusion with Colombia and Satisfaction with life. We conclude that the developing a visceral feeling of union with the country of origin could explain a better evaluation of one's own life, this relationship being mediated by attitudes oriented to maintaining the characteristics of the country of origin. Developing a visceral feeling of attachment to the host country was only associated with adopting characteristics of the host country culture. Implications and limitations of these results are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of acculturation has acquired significant attention among researchers worldwide. Extensive studies have been conducted to investigate the processes and strategies involved in acculturation. Acculturation encompasses four distinct strategies: integration, assimilation, separation, and marginalization. Integration has been widely recognized as the most successful approach for ethnic minorities. Integration of ethnic minorities is important for democratic nations. Georgia is a multicultural country, over 13% of its population comprises individuals from various ethnic groups. The two prominent ethnic minority groups in Georgia are Armenians and Azeris, predominantly residing in different regions of the country. Despite the long-standing presence of ethnic minority populations in Georgia, integration challenges persist. Guided by previous studies on acculturation strategies, this article seeks to examine the choice of acculturation strategies among ethnic minorities in Georgia in order to illustrate which acculturation strategy is more preferable for Armenians and Azeris and explore potential differences between these ethnic groups based on demographic characteristics. Through a quantitative research approach involving a sample of 472 ethnic minority representatives, this article finds that the integration strategy is the most favored acculturation approach. However, variations exist between ethnic groups, as well as across different demographic characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a lack of systematic acculturation research on the motivations underpinning the behavior of migrants, which could explain how they acculturate and adapt to their new country of residence. This paper examines the link between values, using the Schwartz Theory of Basic Human Values, and acculturation strategies among Arab immigrant and refugee groups across different settlement contexts. The results of Study 1 (Arab immigrants; N = 456) showed, as hypothesized, positive links between strategies and values: the integration strategy with conservation, social focus, self-protection, and self-transcendence values; assimilation with openness to change, personal focus, and growth values; and separation with conservation, social focus, and self-protection. These findings were generally repeated in Study 2 (Syrian refugees; N = 415) except that integration was not associated with self-transcendence and that assimilation was positively linked to self-enhancement instead of openness to change. Our analyses indicated that acculturation preferences are mainly related to motivational values, rather than to different settlement contexts in both samples; however, assimilation seems to be more associated to context than values among the refugee sample. Implications of the findings to the acculturation literature are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the intergeneration conflict and acculturation strategies of the second-generation Chinese American in Lisa See’s Shanghai Girls. The novel depicts Pearl and May’s experiences moving to America due to the Sino-Japanese war in China and facing the cultural conflict of choosing the Chinese or American culture. Therefore, the study uses the sociological approach by employing Hofstede’s cultural dimension and Sam and Berry’s acculturation model to examine the sociocultural experiences of Pearl and May. The result is that the conflict between the first and second generations is based on power distance, masculinity and femininity; individualism and collectivism; and the short and long term. As the result of the conflict, Pearl integrates two cultures on the dimension of power distance and short and long term, while May assimilates more into American culture. Those different strategies also imply the different reception experienced by Pearl and May while socializing within both the Chinese and American cultures.

There is a lack of systematic acculturation research on the motivations underpinning the behavior of migrants, which could explain how they acculturate and adapt to their new country of residence. This paper examines the link between values, using the Schwartz Theory of Basic Human Values, and acculturation strategies among Arab immigrant and refugee groups across different settlement contexts. The results of Study 1 (Arab immigrants; N = 456) showed, as hypothesized, positive links between strategies and values: the integration strategy with conservation, social focus, self-protection, and self-transcendence values; assimilation with openness to change, personal focus, and growth values; and separation with conservation, social focus, and self-protection. These findings were generally repeated in Study 2 (Syrian refugees; N = 415) except that integration was not associated with self-transcendence and that assimilation was positively linked to self-enhancement instead of openness to change. Our analyses indicated that acculturation preferences are mainly related to motivational values, rather than to different settlement contexts in both samples; however, assimilation seems to be more associated to context than values among the refugee sample. Implications of the findings to the acculturation literature are discussed.

The goal of this research was to analyze the process of acculturation and psychological adaptation among Indian immigrants living in Portugal. The sample included 206 Indian immigrants (46% females) with an average age of 36 years. Participants completed measures of acculturation strategies, security, perceived discrimination, attitudes toward ethnocultural groups, ethnic identity, self-esteem, and demographics. Integration was the dominant acculturation strategy for this sample, and integration predicted higher self-esteem. Support for the multiculturalism hypothesis was found, and ethnic identity appeared as a significant predictor of positive feelings about themselves. Furthermore, the extent to which ethnic identity and integration affected immigrants' self-esteem was analyzed. A path model evidenced that integration mediated the effect of ethnic identity on self-esteem. Ethnic identity experienced by Indian immigrants in Portugal and integration strategy play an essential role in their psychological adaptation. The findings are discussed in terms of the conceptional context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new global streaming platforms have provided international students with direct access to American media content before moving to the United States and continued access to their home country's media content while studying in the United States. We considered prerelocation mass media use and changes in mass media consumption patterns after relocation and reexamined the relationship between international students' mass media use and acculturation strategies (i.e., integration, separation, assimilation, and marginalization). We surveyed East Asian international students in a large U.S. public university (N = 148). Prerelocation consumption of American mass media played a more significant role than postrelocation consumption of American and Asian mass media in predicting assimilation and integration strategies, suggesting a remote acculturation effect through mass media exposure. Integration was primarily affected by prerelocation mass media use. In contrast, assimilation was continuously influenced by using American mass media before and after the relocation. We discuss the implications of these findings in understanding the relationship between mass media consumption and sojourners' adoption of acculturation strategies in the time of global online streaming services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Countries have managed COVID-19 infection and mortality differently. Ghana, a resource-constrained country, with a poorer healthcare system, had fewer infections and more recoveries than high-income countries. Although an acculturation framework is commonly discussed in relation to individuals adapting to a new society, we used it to understand how people adapt to rapid changes orchestrated by the COVID-19 pandemic. From pre-pandemic to post-pandemic era, we see a change from the ‘old normal’ to the ‘new normal’. Thus, we sought to understand how people were living their lives under the ‘new normal’. Data was gathered from 416 adults on their attitudes towards obedience to authority, compliance with COVID-19-related activities, and changes in the extent of carrying out these activities three and nine months into the pandemic. COVID-19 acculturation strategies were also assessed. Descriptive and inferential analyses showed that most Ghanaians obeyed authorities and followed the preventive measures. However, after five months of the peak period, compliance dropped, and behavioral fatigue increased significantly. Regarding the acculturation strategies integration, which involves keeping old health care practices and adopting new ones, improved behavioral adjustment the most followed by separation (i.e., rejecting the new health care practices and holding on strongly to the old ones) and assimilation (i.e., rejecting old health care practices and adopting new ones). Marginalization which encompasses rejecting both old and new health care practices was the least. These results suggest that integration strategy had a significant positive impact on behavioral adjustment compared to assimilation and separation strategies.

Much research on migrants has focused on single individuals; however, the large-scale movement of people from one society to another often includes families made up of parents, their children and other relatives. Over time, these families and their members settle into their new society; they experience the process of acculturation and eventually adapt to their new circumstances. The processes of acculturation and adaptation are highly variable across cultural groups, societies of settlement, families and individuals. Sometimes this process is challenging, and may engender disagreements and conflicts among members of a family about how to acculturate. Variations in these patterns allow for the examination of which acculturation experiences and strategies lead to better adaptations. This paper reviews some of the core concepts and frameworks for examining them, and presents some findings on how families and youth acculturate and adapt. It concludes with some suggestions for how to acculturate using the integration strategy to improve family and individual adaptations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores acculturation strategies and their expressions in the novel Native Speaker (1995) by Chang-rae Lee, a Korean-American author. This novel concerns the clash of immigrant identities with the notion of a genuinely American identity as well as the adaptation into the majority society by first- and second-generation immigrants. While this is not Lee’s first novel concerned with intricate identity issues, Native Speaker is considered his most important work, as it introduced Korean-American fiction to the U.S. mainstream public. Although the novel is well known to critics, it has not been analysed using the particular view of acculturation strategies featured here which deal with psychological and intercultural relations of individuals in their private and public lives. The notion of acculturation used here is based on the well-known model proposed by psychologist John W. Berry, a paradigm consisting of four strategies: assimilation, integration, separation, and marginalization. This view argues that, despite coming from similar ethnic backgrounds, the plethora of characters each engage with the U.S. mainstream differently (in their public and private lives), thus their acculturation categories may also change through time. This is exemplified through changes in the protagonist Henry Park.

Although the number of international students (ISs) studying in Chinese higher education institutions is growing, their academic adaptation experiences remain under-investigated. This study employed a case study with a convergent design to understand how ISs experienced academic adaptation. It was found that ISs' academic adaptation is related to a series of individual (motivation, language proficiency, acculturation strategies) and sociocultural (support resources, intercultural training) factors as well as the interplay of the factors over time. At the group level, academic adaptation was positively associated with motivation, bilingual proficiency (Mandarin and English), the integration strategy, perceived support from Chinese teachers, and intercultural training, and negatively related to the marginalization strategy. Further qualitative findings through reflective journals explained how ISs' motivational adjustments, their improvement in Mandarin and English proficiency, the adoption of integration in different situations, and the use of heterogeneous functions of intercultural training and support resources contributed to individual ISs' academic journey in China. Informed by these empirical findings, this study offers implications for the support and training of ISs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the major challenges for modern western societies is the reduction of prejudice in order to achieve a sufficient level of integration of immigrants and especially refugees. The current literature thus presents a multitude of approaches to understand and reduce prejudices. Therefore, the following paper investigates the relationships between ethnic identity, acculturation attitudes, intercultural competence, and prejudice and how contact experiences shape these relationships for students in Germany with and without migration background. The results show that there is a significant relationship between prejudice and the social identity, cultural intelligence, and acculturation strategies. Furthermore, the results indicate that the experienced contact quality and quantity to refugees moderate the effect of acculturation strategies on overt prejudice and xenophobia. However, the relationship between acculturation strategies and covert prejudice is only moderated by contact quantity. Because of the relatively weak manifestations of the dependent variables in the study at hand, alternative instruments should be used for investigation. Based on the obtained results, this paper finally tries to give some guidance for the facilitation of diversity and reduction of prejudice at higher education institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution reviews correlates of Berry's acculturation strategies. The aim was to offer a differentiated overview of correlates that may come into play during different phases of the acculturation process, as antecedents, as concurrent correlates, and as outcome variables. Building on a literature search and previous review papers, k = 61 independent publications (N = 40,505) were identified. Correlates of acculturation strategies were grouped into 35 variables pertaining to diverse domains, and mixed-effects models were estimated to derive the mean magnitude of the relation. The correlates comprised basic dimensions of personality belonging to the giant three, big five, alternative five, and multicultural personality taxonomies. Further, more specific traits were investigated, including field dependence and dogmatism. The next group comprised the experience of stress and negative emotions as well as different coping styles. Finally, a selection of psychological and health-related correlates as well as a selection of sociocultural adjustment variables were investigated. Results indicate that the acculturation strategies possess differential patterns of relations, thereby supporting a multi-dimensional acculturation model. Generally, integration was characterized by a pattern of correlates that facilitate interacting with other people, coping successfully with stress, and beneficial outcome variables. Marginalization revealed an opposite pattern of relationships in many cases. Assimilation and separation fell in between the other acculturation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Via naturalization procedures, immigrants have the opportunity to acquire rights and duties limited to nationals. Yet little is known about acculturative contexts and naturalization motives underlying immigrants' naturalization intentions. Employing a large sample of first‐generation immigrants in Switzerland (N = 3928) and a multilevel approach, we articulated individual acculturation strategies and cantonal integration policies to explain naturalization intentions and underlying motives. Results at the individual level showed that assimilated immigrants report the highest intentions to naturalize, followed by integrated, and lastly by separated immigrants. Motives underlying naturalization intentions also differed as a function of acculturation strategies. Whereas integrated and assimilated immigrants reported higher symbolic motives than separated immigrants, the latter reported the highest level of instrumental motives. A cross‐level interaction qualified results at the individual level. Indeed, the gap between integrated and separated immigrants was more pronounced under inclusive integration policies. Accordingly, integrated immigrants' naturalization intentions increased the more integration policies were inclusive, whereas this was not the case among assimilated and separated immigrants. Overall, our findings cast a positive light on inclusive integration policies as contextual affordances to overcome barriers to naturalization and encourage migration scholars to consider the broader political context in which immigrant acculturation is embedded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is no denying that fact that migration is a sensitive economic, political and social issue, which European institutions together with researchers and policy makers have been working on trying to create the cohesion between migrant and host communities. It has been widely recognized that attitudes towards migrants tend to be more positive when migrants have an opportunity to reveal their linguistic and cultural diversity to non-migrants. Researchers claim that local governments and municipalities “must be part of a framework of multi-level governance” for migrants’ integration (OECD, 2017). The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development highly recognizes the positive contribution of migrants, who deserve to live in a “just, equitable, tolerant, open and socially inclusive world” (2030 Agenda, 2015). Existing research has acknowledged that migrants make low use of local services, such as police, hospitals, educational institutions or leisure facilities due to language barriers and uncertainty on rules of engagement (Sime & Fox, 2014), cultural barriers and issues of trust in services (Alpers, 2016) or social exclusion (Arai, 2006). In order to develop insight into the realities of integration and social cohesion between migrant and host communities in Great Britain, in 2019 this study used a survey to explore how trust and meaningful interaction between all sections of the community could be created by providing social and educational activities for migrant and host communities in Boston, the UK. Furthermore, the research aimed to answer the question whether learning about another culture could increase understanding of how one’s own culture shapes the perceptions of oneself, of the world and of our relationship with others. The research sample was a group of 18 adults of non-migrant / British communities and a group of 15 adults of migrant communities / ESOL students who were attending the language and culture sessions with professional bilingual teachers. The first research sample, for which Lithuanian, Polish and Russian language and culture workshops were delivered, was carefully chosen to represent the native residents dealing with new arrival communities in their daily lives. The interactive workshops on the English language and British culture were delivered to the second focus group, ESOL students. All members of the focus groups expressed their primary wish to learn basic skills in the target language and improve their communication within the local area avoiding social tensions, cultural and linguistic misunderstandings. To explore the needs, experiences and attitudes of both migrant and host communities, a quantitative research methodology was applied, and short semi-structured interviews were conducted.

This article explores acculturation strategies and their expressions in the novel Native Speaker (1995) by Chang-rae Lee, a Korean-American author. This novel concerns the clash of immigrant identities with the notion of a genuinely American identity as well as the adaptation into the majority society by first- and second-generation immigrants. While this is not Lee’s first novel concerned with intricate identity issues, Native Speaker is considered his most important work, as it introduced Korean-American fiction to the U.S. mainstream public. Although the novel is well known to critics, it has not been analysed using the particular view of acculturation strategies featured here which deal with psychological and intercultural relations of individuals in their private and public lives. The notion of acculturation used here is based on the well-known model proposed by psychologist John W. Berry, a paradigm consisting of four strategies: assimilation, integration, separation, and marginalization. This view argues that, despite coming from similar ethnic backgrounds, the plethora of characters each engage with the U.S. mainstream differently (in their public and private lives), thus their acculturation categories may also change through time. This is exemplified through changes in the protagonist Henry Park. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As society becomes increasingly diverse over time, the interaction among different cultural groups is an essential topic in intercultural research. Berry (2017) proposed three hypotheses of intercultural relations: multiculturalism, contact, and integration, in trying to answer the question, "How shall we all live together?". Since most studies on intercultural relations are conducted in the context of Western culture, less empirical evidence about the three hypotheses examination is drawn from the plural societies other than Western ones. Therefore, this study evaluates three hypotheses on intercultural relations with regards to Filipino immigrants in Macau, and expects to provide new empirical research support for testing relevant hypotheses on intercultural relations and enrich the existing literature. A total of 233 community samples (58.5 % females; M age = 28.24) were recruited and employed scales from the MIRIPS questionnaire to collect data on co-ethnic contact, host contact, perceived discrimination, acculturation strategies, self-esteem, and life satisfaction. Path analysis revealed that: (1) With respect to the multicultural hypothesis, perceived discrimination was positively related with integration and separation; (2) With respect to the contact hypothesis, co-ethnic contact was positively related with perceived discrimination; co-ethnic contact was positively related with integration and separation, and host contact was positively related with assimilation; (3) With respect to the integration hypothesis, integration was the most preferred strategy for the participants and was associated with better psychological adaptation (termed self-esteem and life satisfaction). These findings partially support the validity of the hypotheses. Finally, future research directions and empirical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

İnsanlar geçmişten günümüze farklı toplumlar ve bireylerle çeşitli nedenlerle temasta bulunmuşlardır. Bu tür temaslar özellikle, küreselleşmeyle birlikte büyük artış göstermiştir. İletişim, ulaşım ve ekonomi alanındaki hızlı gelişim ve değişimler, farklı toplumlar ve kültürler arasındaki etkileşimi artırmıştır. Bireyler kendi ülkesinden farklı bir ülkeye ekonomik ve eğitim amaçlı göç etmektedir. Ayrıca AB’nin son yıllarda “öğrenci değişim programları” kapsamında gerçekleştirdiği uygulamalar, ülkeler arası öğrenci değişimini önemli ölçüde artırmıştır. Yaşanan bu gelişmelere paralel olarak her yıl, giderek artan sayıda uluslararası öğrenci ülkemizdeki üniversitelere kaydolmaktadır. Uluslararası öğrenciler, özellikle de kendi bölgelerinden farklı bir kültüre aniden adapte olurlarsa, büyük psikolojik ve sosyokültürel değişimler yaşamakta ve çalışma baskısı, sosyal uyum ve yeni çevreye yabancı olma gibi çeşitli zorluklarla karşılaşabilmektedir. Yabancı öğrencilerin kültürleşme tutumlarının bilinmesi bu zorlukların aşılmasında önemli referans olacaktır. Ancak kültürleşme tutumlarına ilişkin yapılmış yeterli çalışma bulunmamaktadır. İşte bu çalışmada Barry 2001 tarafından geliştirilen Doğu Asya Kültürleşme Ölçeği EAAM kullanılarak, Selçuk, Necmettin Erbakan ve Konya Teknik Üniversitelerinde eğitim gören yabancı öğrencilerin kültürleşme tutumları mercek altına alınmıştır. Saha araştırması yönteminin esas alındığı çalışmada veriler; 232 katılımcıdan yüz yüze anket tekniğiyle toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda katılımcıların en çok tercih ettiği kültürleşme stratejisinin bütünleşme olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, Asimilasyon, Bütünleşme ile pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişkilidir. Marjinalleşme ile Bütünleşme arasında negatif anlamlı korelasyon dikkat çekmektedir. Müslümanlar Bütünleşme, Hıristiyanlar ise Marjinalleşme stratejisine verdikleri önem bakımından daha yüksek ortalamalara sahiptirler. Türkiye’yi daha önce ziyaret edenlerin Asimilasyon, Ayrışma ve Bütünleşme yönelimli kültürleşme strateji değerleri, ziyaret etmeyenlere nazaran daha yüksektir. Bir başka anlatımla öğrenci olmadan önce Türkiye’yi ziyaret eden yabancı uyruklu üniversite öğrencileri, bir taraftan kendi kültürlerini devam ettirmeyip, ev sahibi toplumun kültürünü benimserken; aynı zamanda hem orijinal kültürlerini sürdürme hem de ev sahibi toplumla etkileşimde bulunma çabası taşımaktadırlar. Ayrıca Türkiye dışında farklı bir ülkeyi ziyaret edenlerin, etmeyenlere göre, kendi kültürünü devam ettirmeyip, gittiği ülkenin kültürünü benimsemekte ya da kendi özgün kültürlerini sürdürüp, yabancı ülke toplumuyla etkileşime girmeyi çok fazla istememektedir.

The article presents the results of a comparative study examining the relationship between different types of social identity (ethnic, national, and place identity), acculturation strategies (assimilation, integration), and psychological adaptation (satisfaction with life and self-esteem) of Russians in two sociocultural contexts: Latvia and Georgia. Participants were 320 Russians in Latvia (M = 42,89; SD = 21,19), and 312 Russians in Georgia (M = 31,11; SD = 11,67). Path analysis was used to test the relationships. The results showed that national and place identities related to integration in both countries. Direct effects of place identity on psychological well-being are universal for the studied countries, while relationships of national and ethnic identities with well-being are context specific. Indirect positive effects of national and place identities on self-esteem through integration are universal in Latvia and Georgia.

Much research on migrants has focused on single individuals; however, the large-scale movement of people from one society to another often includes families made up of parents, their children and other relatives. Over time, these families and their members settle into their new society; they experience the process of acculturation and eventually adapt to their new circumstances. The processes of acculturation and adaptation are highly variable across cultural groups, societies of settlement, families and individuals. Sometimes this process is challenging, and may engender disagreements and conflicts among members of a family about how to acculturate. Variations in these patterns allow for the examination of which acculturation experiences and strategies lead to better adaptations. This paper reviews some of the core concepts and frameworks for examining them, and presents some findings on how families and youth acculturate and adapt. It concludes with some suggestions for how to acculturate using the integration strategy to improve family and individual adaptations.

Acculturative stress and strategies have been investigated with undergraduate international students in the United States. However, not much is known about scholars who come to the United States for advanced educational or career opportunities. Guided by Berry's (2006) acculturative stress coping adaptation theory, the current study explored lived experiences of CISs through longitudinal interviews. Inductive analysis revealed themes about stressors that challenged work-life balance. Three types of coping strategies for these stressors were identified: (a) grandparents' and spousal support, (b) mental strengths, and (c) planning ahead for the future of their family. Practical implications are discussed for supporting CISs. Findings of the current study expand our knowledge about CISs' challenges and strategies for maintaining work-life balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the study of the relationship of social capital of migrants from the Asian former USSR republics with their acculturation strategies and their socio-cultural adaptation. Based on the wide literature review, we suggested that two types of individual social capital of migrants (“bridging” and “bonding”), depending on the combination of their levels (high-low), may lead to the preference of one of the four acculturation strategies (integration, assimilation, separation, marginalization) and further contribute to or hinder socio-cultural adaptation. This study demonstrated that these two types of individual social capital (“bridging” and “bonding”) associated with three of the four acculturation strategies. In addition, the “bridging” social capital has an indirect positive effect on socio-cultural adaptation in which the mediator is the integration strategy. The “bonding” social capital has not demonstrated a statistically significant indirect effect on socio-cultural adaptation of migrants from the Asian former USSR republics.

Little is known about acculturation strategies among multicultural family adolescents in South Korea. This study examined whether the life satisfaction of multicultural family adolescents differed by acculturation strategy. In addition, this study examined the factors that predict acculturation strategies. For this purpose, we used a one-way analysis of variance and multinomial logistic regression. The data for this study were taken from the Multi-cultural Adolescents Panel Study. The frequencies of acculturation strategies were: marginalization, 297 (18.2 %); separation, 97 (6.0 %); assimilation, 839 (51.5 %); and integration, 395 (24.3 %). The results of one-way analysis of variance showed that life satisfaction was highest for integration and decreased for assimilation, separation, and marginalization. Gender, national identity, self-esteem, resilience, parental neglect, parental acculturative stress, family support, friends' support, and teacher support were found to be significantly associated with the categorized acculturation strategies. Based on the results, implications with suggestions for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mass arrival of immigrants to Catalonia (Spain) in the last two decades has led to a change in the socio-demographic composition of a society which de facto is characteristically bilingual and bicultural. The acculturation process undergone by young descendants of migrants and how they identify in this context are essential in order to overcome the social challenges arising in different societies. We have carried out a mixed study in order to identify the acculturation profile of descendants of migrants in the context of Catalan schools, correlating these processes with identification by considering Catalan-Spanish group membership, identification with the culture, and identification with the language. A survey was completed by 212 young people of migrant origin (14–18 years old) in secondary education; as well as 9 life stories from them and 6 semi-structured interviews with teachers. These results suggest the development of complex acculturation strategies fitting a complex socio-cultural context where identification with Catalonia and Spain plays a key role in its construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researching the acculturation processes of Syrian refugee children in Turkey is essential in terms of the mental health of both the host society and the migrant community. To this end, this study adapts to the Turkish and Arabic languages the Vancouver Index of Acculturation (VIA), which has been developed as a bidimensional instrument assessing acculturation in the 11–18 age group. Data were collected from 957 Syrian refugee children as part of the present study. Analyses showed that the two-dimensional structure each consisting of 10 items and named identification with the heritage culture and identification with the mainstream culture in the original version was supported by both the Turkish version and Arabic version. In conclusion, construct, convergent and discriminant validity as well as composite and Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient for the Turkish and Arabic forms of the 20-item VIA were determined to be sufficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines intercultural relations among Cape Verdean immigrants living in Portugal. Seven specific predictions based on three general hypotheses (multiculturalism hypothesis, contact hypothesis and integration hypothesis) were tested. The sample of this research consisted of 283 Cape Verdean migrants (51% females) with an average of 35 years. The average duration of residence in Portugal was 18 years. In line with the multiculturalism hypothesis, cultural security was positively related to integration, tolerance and cultural identity. The contact hypothesis was also supported, as intercultural contact was related to positive intergroup attitudes. Regarding the integration hypothesis, psychological adaptation and intercultural adaptation were predicted by integration, whilst sociocultural adaptation was only predicted by marginalisation. Thus, the integration hypothesis was partially supported for Cape Verdean immigrants living in Portugal. Findings are discussed considering the existing literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Los objetivos del presente estudio son analizar las relaciones existentes entre las estrategias de aculturación y los factores de riesgo psicosocial, el estrés aculturativo y los riesgos psicosociales, y evaluar si existen diferencias en estrés aculturativo dependiendo del sector de actividad. La muestra estuvo formada por 201 personas trabajadoras migrantes que viven en la Comunidad de Madrid (49%) y procedentes en su mayoría de países de Europa oriental y de América del Sur. Se evaluaron las estrategias de aculturación con el cuestionario Modelo Ampliado de Aculturación Relativa (MAAR), el estrés aculturativo con la escala Barcelona de Estrés del Inmigrante (Barcelona Immigrant Stress Scale [BISS]) y los riesgos psicosociales con el cuestionario DECORE. El diseño fue transversal. Los resultados muestran que no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la estrategia utilizada por hombres y mujeres para cada ámbito de aculturación. Los sujetos que utilizan la estrategia de marginación tienen percepción de bajo salario, los que adoptan la estrategia intermedia perciben poco control sobre su trabajo, mientras que los que adoptan la estrategia de integración perciben más demandas laborales (trabajo con más contenido). El estrés aculturativo se muestra como predictor de la percepción adversa del entorno laboral (bajo control, bajas recompensas y poco apoyo social). Por otra parte, las personas trabajadoras de más edad perciben más control sobre su trabajo y los empleados del sector de los servicios para el hogar tienen puntuaciones mayores en nostalgia y estrés psicosocial que los del resto de sectores evaluados. Se deben poner en marcha dentro de las organizaciones medidas para minimizar el estrés aculturativo, promover la integración de este grupo de personas trabajadoras y mejorar su percepción de los factores de riesgo psicosocial. The objectives of this study were to analyze the relationships between acculturation strategies and psychosocial risk factors, the acculturative stress and the psychosocial risks, and to assess whether there are differences in acculturative stress depending on the activity sector. The sample consisted of 201 migrant workers living in the Community of Madrid (49%). Most of them were originally from countries from Eastern Europe and South America. Using a cross-sectional design, we applied Relative Acculturation Extended Model (MAAR) questionnaire to measure acculturation strategies; Barcelona Immigrant Stress Scale (BISS) was applied to measure acculturative stress and psychosocial risks were assessed through the DECORE questionnaire. The results showed that there are no statistically significant differences in the strategy used by men and women for each area of acculturation. Participants who used the Marginalization strategy perceived their salary as being low while those who adopted the Intermediate strategy perceived little control over their work. Those who adopted the Integration strategy perceive more work demands (higher job content). Acculturative stress is a predictor of adverse perception of work environment (low control, low rewards and low social support). On the other hand, older workers perceive more control over their work and employees in the home services sector have higher scores in Nostalgia and Psychosocial Stress than those in other sectors. Within organizations, measures must be put in place to minimize acculturative stress, promote the integration of the workers and improve their perception of psychosocial work factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the literature, several studies have shown that the perpetrator's ethnic origin and acculturation strategy are particularly influential extrajudicial factors, but authors have focused on highly stigmatized groups. The aim of this study was to examine how the participants' judgments were influenced by the acculturation strategy of a Vietnamese aggressor (member of a valued minority group in France), the consequences of the act for the victim, and their level of SDO. It was expected that assimilation, which reflects a strong similarity with the majority group, or separation, reflecting strong dissimilarity, would lead to negative judgments of the assault and its perpetrator and a harsher punishment. After reading a scenario describing a physical assault committed by a Vietnamese man, in which the perpetrator's acculturation strategy and the consequences of the act were manipulated, 196 French students completed a questionnaire. The results confirm our hypothesis. Moreover, they show that when there were serious consequences for the victim, the act was considered to be more serious if the offender had not adopted French culture. However, when the consequences were minor, the act was considered to be more serious and a harsher punishment was recommended if the offender had adopted French culture. We explain how acculturation strategy is an important factor when judging transgressions, and how being too similar or too different to the majority group can increase the perceived threat. The status of SDO is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increased and stable presence of immigrant children in preschools and in primary schools in Italy in the last twenty years, makes more and more important the study of the attitudes and behaviours in teachers, parents and children. As it is known, attitudes and behaviours can strongly influence school experience (relationships and achievements) of children from native as well as from immigrant families. Several international studies and surveys showed that children from immigrant families are more likely to drop out from school much before getting a diploma or a professional qualification (Anisef et al., 2010; Brunello & Rocco, 2012; De Witte et al., 2013). The reason for it can be found in their socio-demographic conditions, their insufficient knowledge of the host country language and the inadequacy of educational policies for immigrants. Furthermore, the co-existence in the same school of immigrant children and autochthone children creating a constant intercultural and interethnic contact puts forward the need to handle prejudice development, in view of the social integration of the immigrant children. In this paper we present a study exploring the relationship between personality, educational style and prejudice of parents in native and in immigrant families regarding immigrant children’s social integration. Results show important relations among these parents’ characteristics, together with differences between native and immigrant families. These findings could provide a contribution in implementing adequate intervention programmes supporting the school integration of immigrant children.