Search

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An eco-friendly method for the determination of sweeteners (aspartame, acesulfame-K) and preservatives (benzoic acid, sorbic acid, methylparaben, ethylparaben) in functional beverages and flavoured waters using thin film microextraction (TFME) and high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV) was proposed. A series of fourteen green and renewable solidified natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) were prepared and tested as 'eutectosorbents' in TFME for the first time. In the proposed method, the NADES containing acetylcholine chloride and 1-docosanol at a 1:3 molar ratio was finally chosen to coat a support. Four factors, i.e., the mass of the NADES, pH of the samples, extraction time, and desorption time, were tested in the central composite design to select the optimal TFME conditions. Limits of detection were equal to 0.022 µg mL−1 for aspartame, 0.020 µg mL−1 for acesulfame-K, 0.018 µg mL−1 for benzoic acid, 0.026 µg mL−1 for sorbic acid, 0.013 µg mL−1 for methylparaben, and 0.011 µg mL−1 for ethylparaben. Satisfactory extraction recoveries between 82% and 96% were achieved with RSDs lower than 6.1% (intra-day) and 7.4% (inter-day). The proposed 'eutectosorbent' presented good stability that enabled effective extractions for 16 cycles with recovery of at least 77%. The proposed NADES-TFME/HPLC-UV method is highly sensitive and selective. However, the use of a solid NADES as a sorbent, synthesized without by-products, without the need for purification, and with good stability on a support with the possibility of reusability increases the ecological benefit of this method. The greenness aspect of the method was evaluated using the Complex modified Green Analytical Procedure Index protocol and is equal to 84/100. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Non/low-caloric artificial sweeteners (NAS) are recognized as chemical additives substituting sugars to avoid caloric intake and subsequent sugar-derived diseases such as diabetes and hyperglycemia. Six NAS have been claimed safe and are authorized by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for public use, with acceptable daily intake information available: aspartame, acesulfame-K, saccharin, sucralose, neotame, and advantame. However, the impacts of NAS on the gut microbiome have raised potential concerns, since sporadic research revealed NAS-induced microbial changes in the gastrointestinal tracts and alterations in the microbiome–host interactive metabolism. Methods: Given the fact that the gut microbiome influences kaleidoscopic physiological functions in host health, this review aimed to decipher the impacts of NAS on the gut microbiome by implementing a comprehensive two-stage literature analysis based on each NAS. Results: This review documented disturbed microbiomes due to NAS exposure to a maximal resolution of species level using taxonomic clustering analysis, and recorded metabolism alterations involved in gut microbiome–host interactions. Conclusions: The results elucidated that specific NAS exhibited discrepant impacts on the gut microbiome, even though overlapping on the genera and species were identified. Some NAS caused glucose tolerance impairment in the host, but the key metabolites and their underlying mechanisms were different. Furthermore, this review embodied the challenges and future directions of current NAS–gut microbiome research to inspire advanced examination of the NAS exposure–gut microbiome–host metabolism axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bakery products, including biscuits, cakes and breads, generally present a high content of simple sugars of rapid absorption, high fat content and low amount of dietary fiber, which make them highly caloric foods. Although sucrose is a very important ingredient in bakery products for its preservation characteristics and a significant source of energy, there is a growing interest in replacing this sugar with alternative substances, such as high-intensity sweeteners (HIS) that provide sweetness with no or low calories. In Brazil, there is no data on the use of HIS in this class of food. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of HIS in baked food commercially available in the country and estimate the dietary exposure to these food additives. For that, an analytical method was established for the simultaneous determination of nine HIS in bakery products using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS). Sample preparation steps were required based on mechanical kneading for homogenization, hexane extraction of fats, dilution in mobile phase and vortex homogenization, prior to injection into the system. The results obtained during validation showed that coefficients of variation (CV%) for precision were lower than 13.8% and the accuracy was between 91.6% and 109.1%. Aspartame, acesulfame potassium, sodium cyclamate, saccharin, sucralose and steviol glycosides were found in the samples, used alone or in combinations of up five substances. Steviol glycosides were the most found HIS in biscuit samples, while sucralose was the most common sweetener in cake and bread samples. Analysis of product labels revealed only three different claims,.i.e. 'no sugar', 'no added sugar' and 'zero sugar', with the latter being found in 70% of the samples. Exposure to HIS through the consumption of bakery products estimated per eating occasion showed no concerns regarding toxicological risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aspartame, invented in 1965 by GD-Searle, is an intense artificial sweetener taste approximately 200 times as sweet as sucrose and used as an additive in more than 6,000 products. Aspartame (APM) was submitted for pre-marketing safety evaluation in early 1980. The studies, performed by GD-Searle, produced controversial results. Because of the great commercial diffusion of aspartame, in 1997 the Ramazzini Institute (RI) started a large experimental project on rodents to test the carcinogenic effects of aspartame following an experimental model with more sensitive characteristics, namely a large number of rat and mice, starting treatment from prenatal life, observation until spontaneous death. Overall, the project included studying 2270 rats and 852 mice. These studies have shown that aspartame is a carcinogenic agent in experimental animals, inducing a significant dose-related increased incidence of several types of malignant tumors and, among them, hematological neoplasia, and liver cancer. The results of these studies on aspartame by the Ramazzini Institute opened a real front on the evaluation of artificial sweeteners and their possible health risks. Adequate long-term carcinogenicity bioassays on other diffuse artificial sweeteners such as acesulfame-k, sucralose, saccharin, including their blends, are likewise important for public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chocolate-flavored milk contributes to excessive intake of added sugars among children and adolescents, which why it is a good candidate product for sucrose replacement. This study investigates how replacing sucrose partially or completely with different sweetener systems affects the sensory profile and consumer liking. Five chocolate-flavored milk treatments were formulated, varying in sucrose replacement level (partial: 58%; complete: 100%) and sweetener system (synthetic: acesulfame-K; natural: rebaudioside M-erythritol blend). Relative-to-Reference Scaling by a trained panel confirmed that no significant differences in the sensory profile when partial sucrose replacement was compared to sucrose, whereas the complete replacement increased bitter taste, pungent flavor, licorice flavor and mouth-drying. A total of 104 consumers evaluated the treatments for liking and indicated their temporal perceptions with temporal check-all-that-apply. Latent variable clustering performed on liking ratings revealed two clusters, which perceived temporal sensory characteristics differently depending on the sweetener system. Cluster 1 preferred the sucrose control over treatments with complete and partial replacement using a natural sweetener system, with complete replacement being perceived as having off-flavor. Cluster 2 preferred the sucrose control over partial and complete replacement using either of the sweetener replacements investigated, which were characterized as off-flavored and bitter. Understanding these consumer segments enables the food industry to develop effective low-energy formulations using synthetic and natural non-nutritive sweeteners, leading to reduced sugar consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stability of Zinc metal anodes (ZMAs) significantly limits the electrochemical performance and practical application of aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs). An efficient and economical solution is the use of trace additives. However, efforts on trace additives are sparse, and essential uncertainties remain concerning their role in the stabilization of ZMAs. Herein, a low‐cost ZnSO4‐based aqueous electrolyte containing trace amounts of Acesulfame‐K (AK) (only 1.0 mg mL−1) is reported, which effectively suppresses the parasitic reactions occurring on the ZMA surface to realize a dendrite‐free Zn2+ deposition process, an ultra‐long cycle life over 1600 h and a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.86%. Accordingly, the practical Zn//NH4V4O10 full cell with AK also exhibits a high discharge capacity and capacity retention. In situ spectroscopies coupled with theoretical calculations reveal that the trace AK tends to accumulate at the ZMA/electrolyte interface to alleviate electrolyte corrosion. More importantly, the adsorbed AK can regulate the interfacial H2O structures (i.e., disrupting the interfacial H‐bonds to form more isolated H2O) to reduce the proton/hydroxides transport, thus suppressing the parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction and improving low‐temperature acclimation. This study provides design inspiration for trace additives expected to enable low‐cost and practical ZIBs with long lifespans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial sweeteners, also known as nonnutritive sweeteners have many benefits like low calories count. It is frequently used for reducing weight, controlling blood sugar levels and decreasing the chances of dental decay. This study evaluated the effects of NNS in the kidney function. Using the blood sample of the albino rats, the level of creatinine and urea was calculated after the use of NNS for 3 weeks. 70 rats were equally divided into 7 groups. The groups were given Stevia 200mg/kg/day, 10% solution of sucrose, Sucralose 3g/kg/day, Saccharine, Aspartame 250mg/kg/day and Acesulfame-k 250mg/kg/day respectively. In the controlled group, distilled water was used as a placebo. The results indicated that saccharin and aspartame both caused the urea to increase to 37±0.5 mg/dl from initial 30±1.5mg/dl and acesulfame-k represented the most increase in the urea, which elevated the levels from 30 mg/dl to 38±1.5 mg/dl. Additionally, saccharine and aspartame increased the creatinine levels from from 0.1 to 0.85±0.05 mg/dl and sucralose elevated the level of creatinine from 0.1 mg/dl to 1.3±0.2 mg/dl. In the stevia group, the results remained the same as in the controlled group. This indicates the nephrotoxic effects of NNS and proves Stevia safe for the daily use as an alternative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acesulfame-k (Ace-k) is a widely used artificial sweetener in various products, and long-term cumulative and multisource exposure is possible despite inadequate toxicological data confirming its safety. Ninety male rats were divided into two main groups according to their body weight into immature and mature rats. Each group was subdivided into 3 subgroups: control untreated, 30 and 90 mg/kg b. w of Ace-k via gastric intubation. The treatment was performed daily 5 days per week for 12 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples were collected for in vitro testing of lymphocyte proliferation rate, comet assay, and macrophage activity about nitric oxide (NO) production. In addition, the collection of liver specimens was performed for P53 gene expression and histopathological evaluation. The results revealed that Ace-k induced modulation in lymphocyte proliferation rate and affected the production of NO by macrophages while increasing in tail moment in a dose-dependent manner that varied among different age groups. The upregulation of P53 in the liver was correlated with increased polyploidization and necro apoptotic reaction and various histopathological hepatic alterations. The present data revealed that chronic treatment of rats with Ace-k affects lymphocyte proliferation and macrophage activity in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the genotoxic and hepatotoxic potential of Ace-k were confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The WHO and MINSAP recommend reducing the consumption of free sugars to less than 10% of total caloric intake because excessive consumption is related to diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridemia, dental caries, among others. Replacing sugar with high-intensity non-caloric sweeteners is the most used strategy to reduce sugar content. The aim of this work was to formulate a flavored yogurt reduced in sugar by replacing it with the high-intensity non-caloric sweeteners sucralose and acesulfame potassium. The sensory characteristics intensity of sweetness, bitterness and strange taste measured with a structured scale of 10 cm in length were studied. For the intensity of sweetness and bitterness, good fit was obtained to quadratic mixture models and for strange flavor to the linear model. Sucralose makes the largest contribution to sweetness intensity and has a smaller contribution than acesulfame-K to bitterness and off-flavor. The combination of both sweeteners, in the range studied, decreases the intensity of sweetness and increases the perception of bitterness. A strawberry-flavored yogurt was formulated in which sugar was replaced by the 0.19/0.03 g/Kg ratio of the high-intensity non-caloric sweeteners sucralose and acesulfame-K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the objective of preparing a mixed mango-orange nectar without added sugar, using as a substitute a mixture of noncaloric sweeteners (acesulfame potassium and sucralose) known commercially as sweetener 320, a one-factor response surface design was applied in the that the average concentration of sweetener was estimated equivalent to the addition of 6 % sugar. The perception of sweetness was used as the response variable by applying the 7-point ideal point or Just-About-Right (JAR) scale evaluated by 20 consumers. The results were analyzed using response surface methodology. The optimal concentration was determined by performing a numerical optimization using the convenience function method. The optimal concentration of sweetener 320 to formulate the mango-orange nectar was 0.017 g/100 g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sweeteners are used in the food industry to provide sweetness similar to sugar and to decrease the caloric intake and risks associated with obesity. However, some sweeteners are characterized by bitter, metallic and other off-tastes. Sensory and cellular studies have demonstrated synergies between sweetener blends, which are responsible for enhancing sweetness. This study aimed to identify new sweetener blends that are able to enhance sweetness intensity without causing bitter off-taste using in vitro functional expression of taste receptors. The dose–response of the sweet taste receptor (TAS1R2/TAS1R3) was determined for sucrose and 9 sweeteners and was consistent with their sweetness potency. Stimulation of TAS1R2/TAS1R3 by 6 binary sweetener blends confirmed 3 known synergies determined by sensory analysis, including sucralose/acesulfame-K, rebaudioside A/erythritol and rebaudioside A/thaumatin, and revealed 2 new synergies, known as, neotame/D-allulose and mogroside V/thaumatin. No synergy was observed for the rebaudioside M/mogroside V blend, probably due to their common binding sites on the sweet taste receptor. The ability of the 9 selected sweeteners to activate the 25 human bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) was tested. The cellular-based assay demonstrated that sucralose, acesulfame-K, rebaudioside A, mogroside V and D-allulose activated at least 2 TAS2Rs. Sucralose, acesulfame-K and rebaudioside A exhibited lower EC50 values for TAS1R2/TAS1R3 than for TAS2Rs, which may explain their absence of bitter off-taste at low concentrations, unlike mogroside V and D-allulose. Our data provide a receptor-based understanding of the complex synergies among sweetener blends and an effective approach for testing new sweeteners while avoiding the activation of TAS2Rs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chocolate-flavored milk contributes to excessive intake of added sugars among children and adolescents, which why it is a good candidate product for sucrose replacement. This study investigates how replacing sucrose partially or completely with different sweetener systems affects the sensory profile and consumer liking. Five chocolate-flavored milk treatments were formulated, varying in sucrose replacement level (partial: 58%; complete: 100%) and sweetener system (synthetic: acesulfame-K; natural: rebaudioside M-erythritol blend). Relative-to-Reference Scaling by a trained panel confirmed that no significant differences in the sensory profile when partial sucrose replacement was compared to sucrose, whereas the complete replacement increased bitter taste, pungent flavor, licorice flavor and mouth-drying. A total of 104 consumers evaluated the treatments for liking and indicated their temporal perceptions with temporal check-all-that-apply. Latent variable clustering performed on liking ratings revealed two clusters, which perceived temporal sensory characteristics differently depending on the sweetener system. Cluster 1 preferred the sucrose control over treatments with complete and partial replacement using a natural sweetener system, with complete replacement being perceived as having off-flavor. Cluster 2 preferred the sucrose control over partial and complete replacement using either of the sweetener replacements investigated, which were characterized as off-flavored and bitter. Understanding these consumer segments enables the food industry to develop effective low-energy formulations using synthetic and natural non-nutritive sweeteners, leading to reduced sugar consumption.

Government regulatory actions and public policies have been recently implemented in Brazil due to the excessive consumption of sugar. Therefore, it becomes relevant to determine the levels of high-intensity sweeteners in tabletop sweeteners consumed by the Brazilian population. Thus, an analytical method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of nine sweeteners (acesulfame potassium, aspartame, advantame, sodium cyclamate, neotame, saccharin, sucralose, stevioside, and rebaudioside A) by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry in tandem. The sample preparation encompassed only dilution steps. The method was validated taking into account the parameters of linearity, precision, accuracy, and matrix effects. The analytes were determined in two different batches of 21 commercial liquid and powder tabletop sweeteners available on the local market, totaling 42 samples. A minimum of one and a maximum of four sweeteners were found in the analyzed products and sweeteners that were not described on the label were not detected. It is expected that the established method can be used in monitoring programs and that the presented results can contribute to exposure assessments performed nationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present research work was conducted in 2021 on the optimization of dietetic jamun-mangopeach fruit blended drink prepared by using (T1 ) sugar, (T2 ) 0.1% aspartame, (T3 ) 0.1% acesulfame-K and (T4 ) 0.1% (aspartame + acesulfame-K). Fruit blend samples were pasteurized at 85-90 oC for 10 minutes, hot filled in glass bottles of 250 mL capacity and stored at ambient temperature for 120 days for physicochemical analysis (pH, total soluble solids, % acidity) and sensory evaluation (color, flavor, taste and overall acceptability). The pH and ascorbic acid decreased while TSS and % acidity increased in all drink samples during storage. In pH, the maximum decrease in T3 (5.90%) and the minimum decrease in T4 (2.60%) was observed while, the maximum decrease in ascorbic acid content was observed in T3 (48.26%) whereas the minimum decrease in T1 (45.22%) during 120 days storage. Similarly the maximum increase in TSS was noticed in T4 (2.55%) and the minimum increase in T3 (1.28%), while the maximum increase in % acidity was recorded in T3 (29.03%) and the minimum increase in T1 (13.89%) during storage. Color, flavor, taste and overall acceptability were also affected during storage. The maximum mean scores for taste (8.40), flavor (8.36), color 8.29 and overall acceptability 7.51 was observed in (T1 ) while the minimum mean score in overall acceptability 6.31, taste 7.24, flavor 7.51 and color 7.76 were observed in (T3 ). Statistical results showed that treatments and storage duration have significant effect. Results indicated that T1 containing sugar was found most acceptable by the panel of judges followed by T2 containing 0.1% aspartame. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food additives are utilized in countless food products available for sale. They enhance or obtain a specific flavor, extend the storage time, or obtain a desired texture. This paper presents an automatic classification system for five food additives based on their absorbance in the ultraviolet domain. Solutions with different concentrations were created by dissolving a measured additive mass into distilled water. The analyzed samples were either simple (one additive solution) or mixed (two additive solutions). The substances presented absorbance peaks between 190 nm and 360 nm. Each substance presents a certain number of absorbance peaks at specific wavelengths (e.g., acesulfame potassium presents an absorbance peak at 226 nm, whereas the peak associated with potassium sorbate is at 254 nm). Therefore, each additive has a distinctive spectrum that can be used for classification. The sample classification was performed using deep learning techniques. The samples were associated with numerical labels and divided into three datasets (training, validation, and testing). The best classification results were obtained using CNN (convolutional neural network) models. The classification of the 404 spectra with a CNN model with three convolutional layers obtained a mean testing accuracy of 92.38% ± 1.48%, whereas the mean validation accuracy was 93.43% ± 2.01%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tremendous research is going on in the field of preparing low calorie diet for diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and heart disease, providing potential area for growth to the food and pharmaceutical industry. Dosage forms prepared for diabetic patients lack sucrose as breakdowns into glucose and fructose which starts from the mouth itself and majority of it is digested in the small intestine. As soon as it is digested, it gives rise to blood glucose level. In order to control such glucose spikes in blood, their diet is immediately shifted toward low calorie food and medications with low glycemic index. Artificial intense sweeteners e.g. acesulfame potassium, sucralose, xylitol etc. in moderate amount, intensity of sweetness and physical characteristics were proved safe by USFDA. This review covers a brief description, stability conditions and pharmacokinetic analysis of artificial sugars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationships between artificial sweeteners, accounting for all dietary sources (total and by type of artificial sweetener) and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), in a large-scale prospective cohort. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The analyses included 105,588 participants from the web-based NutriNet-Santé study (France, 2009–2022; mean age 42.5 ± 14.6 years, 79.2% women). Repeated 24-h dietary records, including brands and commercial names of industrial products, merged with qualitative and quantitative food additive composition data, enabled artificial sweetener intakes to be accurately assessed from all dietary sources. Associations between artificial sweeteners (total, aspartame, acesulfame potassium [K], and sucralose) and T2D were investigated using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for potential confounders, including weight variation during follow-up. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 9.1 years (946,650 person-years, 972 incident T2D), compared with nonconsumers, higher consumers of artificial sweeteners (i.e., above the sex-specific medians of 16.4 mg/day in men and 18.5 mg/day in women) had higher risks of developing T2D (hazard ratio [HR] 1.69; 95% CI 1.45–1.97; P-trend <0.001). Positive associations were also observed for individual artificial sweeteners: aspartame (HR 1.63 [95% CI 1.38–1.93], P-trend <0.001), acesulfame-K (HR 1.70 [1.42–2.04], P-trend <0.001), and sucralose (HR 1.34 [1.07–1.69], P-trend = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: Potential for reverse causality cannot be eliminated; however, many sensitivity analyses were computed to limit this and other potential biases. These findings of positive associations between artificial sweetener intakes and increased T2D risk strengthen the evidence that these additives may not be safe sugar alternatives. This study provides important insights in the context of on-going reevaluation of artificial sweeteners by health authorities worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to formulate sucrose‐replaced samples with natural or synthetic sweeteners, and to benchmark the temporal sensory profile of sucrose‐replaced samples to a control sample (100% sucrose). Acesulfame‐K, aspartame, erythritol, rebaudioside M, and sucralose replaced sucrose at four different levels (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) in aqueous solutions. A trained sensory panel evaluated the samples with temporal check‐all‐that‐apply. The sweeteners showed great individual differences in their ability to replace sucrose. Except for aspartame, the 25% sucrose replacement across all sweeteners was not significantly different from the control. Aspartame, erythritol, and sucralose showed no difference from sucrose for the 50% and 75% sucrose‐replaced samples. In contrast, a replacement of above 25% sucrose with acesulfame‐K and rebaudioside M resulted in significant variations in the aftertaste period resulting in bitter off‐taste and licorice off‐flavor, respectively, compared to the control. Conclusively, synthetic and natural sweeteners were able to partially replace sucrose without altering the temporal sensory profile. Practical Applications: This study showed high variability of achievable sucrose replacement suggesting that the choice of sweetener is crucial for a successful replacement. Blends of sucralose or erythritol with sucrose was most suitable to mimic the sensory profile of sucrose. This can be applied by the food industry in the innovation of low energy food and beverage products with comparable sensory profiles to the sucrose counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fat and sugar-reduced foods and beverages have become increasingly popular for a variety of reasons, mainly relating to health and wellbeing. Depending on the food or beverage, it may be difficult to reduce the fat and/or sugar content and still maintain optimal sensory properties for the specific product. One way of approaching the problem is to gain a better understanding of how a product is affected by a reduction in fat and/or sugar. This paper aims to investigate the sensory interactions between fat and sweetness perception in a chocolate-flavored milk beverage by using a descriptive analysis with a trained sensory panel. The reduction of fat significantly reduced the sweetness intensity of the chocolate milk, while the reduction of sucrose significantly decreased the cream flavor and the fruity and lactic flavor. The perception of acesulfame-K was affected by fat concentration, similarly to sucrose. These results highlight the importance of considering the effects of reducing either sugar and fat on product attributes that are not directly related to the sugar or fat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The excess use of artificial sweeteners poses a serious issue to the environment and human health. Acesulfame-K (Ace-K) is a non-nutritive artificial sweetener excessively used as an alternative sugar substitute in various foods and beverages. Here a simple, selective and rapid method to determine Ace-K in dietary products is proposed. In this study, a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) based electrochemical sensor is designed for the sensitive and selective determination of Ace-K. MIP was developed by the electropolymerization of ortho-phenylenediamine (o-PD) thin film around template molecules (Ace-K) on a glassy carbon electrode. Various parameters such as deposition cycle, template removal and rebinding parameters were optimized for sensor fabrication. The sensor was characterized after each stage of fabrication using cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis. The MIP sensor exhibited wide linear range for the determination of Ace-K from 0.1 to 17.0 μM. The developed sensor attained the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.35 µM and 1.2 µM, respectively. The applicability of the proposed sensor was examined for Ace-K determination in real samples. The MIP sensor exhibited excellent selectivity, repeatability, stability and commercialization potential for Ace-K detection.

The article focuses on the association between nonnutritive sweeteners (NNSs) and cardiometabolic disease, with the need for a comprehensive understanding of their long-term effects on human health. Topics include the complexity of NNS chemical structures and their potential impacts, the influence of host dietary, microbial, and metabolic states on NNS effects; and the importance of considering short-term versus long-term NNS consumption and interactions with dietary compounds.

Metal-halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted considerable attention during the past decade. However, due to the existence of non-radiative recombination losses, the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) is still lower than the theoretical limit defined by Shockley-Queser theory. In this work, we investigate 1,2,3-oxathiazin-4(3h)-one, 6-methyl-2,2-dioxide (acesulfame potassium, abbreviated as AK) as a additional dopant for the 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) and fabricate PSCs in the air. It is found that 12 mol% fraction of AK relative to lithium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)-amide (Li-TFSI) reduces the non-radiative recombination from 86.05% to 69.23%, resulting in an average 0.08 V of Voc enhancement. The champion solar cell gives a perovskite solar cells up to 21.9% and over 84% retention of the initial value during 720 h aging in dry air with 20%–30% humidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium-sulfur batteries have high theoretical energy density while their practical application is trapped because of severe shuttle effect and sluggish conversion kinetics of polysulfides. Here, a nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur co-doped porous carbon (NOSAKC) is prepared by one-step pyrolysis of acesulfame potassium, which is employed as an efficient component on polypropylene separators to restrict the shuttle of polysulfides based on Lewis acid-base theory. The NOSAKC exhibits a hierarchical porous structure with high specific surface area and abundant adsorption/catalytic sites. The substantial mesoporous channels are conducive to rapid ion transfer, and the micropores minimize the polysulfide shuttle. The abundant heteroatoms doped in NOSAKC can achieve synergistic constraint and conversion of lithium polysulfides. So the Li-S battery with the NOSAKC separator displays distinguished electrochemical performance with a high discharge capacity of 1598 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C and 1012 mAh g−1 at 1 C. It maintains 84 % of the initial capacity after 500 cycles with a stable coulombic efficiency of 99.8 %. Moreover, the Li-S battery achieves a capacity retention of 67 % after 200 cycles for a high sulfur loading of 4.33 mg cm−2. This work reports a one-step preparation of hierarchical porous carbon with tri-doped heteroatoms for synergistic polysulfide adsorption and conversion. [Display omitted] • One-step pyrolysis route is developed to prepare N, O, S co-coped hierarchical porous carbon. • The shuttle of polysulfides is effectively suppressed by the doped heteroatoms and rich pores. • The carbon coating improves the wettability of separator and conductivity of cathode. • Li-S cells deliver a high discharge capacity of 1598 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C and 1012 mAh g−1 at 1 C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are part of personalized nutrition strategies supporting healthy glycemic control. In contrast, the consumption of non-nutritive sweeteners has been related to person-specific and microbiome-dependent glycemic impairments. Reports on the effects of NNS on our highly individual cellular immune system are sparse. The recent identification of taste receptor expression in a variety of immune cells, however, suggested their immune-modulatory relevance. Methods: We studied the influence of a beverage-typical NNS system on the transcriptional profiling of sweetener-cognate taste receptors, selected cytokines and their receptors, and on Ca2+ signaling in isolated blood neutrophils. We determined plasma concentrations of saccharin, acesulfame-K, and cyclamate by HPLC-MS/MS, upon ingestion of a soft drink-typical sweetener surrogate. In an open-labeled, randomized intervention study, we determined pre- versus post-intervention transcript levels by RT-qPCR of sweetener-cognate taste receptors and immune factors. Results: Here we show that the consumption of a food-typical sweetener system modulated the gene expression of cognate taste receptors and induced the transcriptional regulation signatures of early homeostasis- and late receptor/signaling- and inflammation-related genes in blood neutrophils, shifting their transcriptional profile from homeostasis to priming. Notably, sweeteners at postprandial plasma concentrations facilitated fMLF (N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe)-induced Ca2+ signaling. Conclusions: Our results support the notion of sweeteners priming neutrophils to higher alertness towards their adequate stimuli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to determine what consumers take into consideration while buying food and to increase awareness. We also demonstrated food additives knowledge, and the association between food additive consumption and illness. Design/methodology/approach: An online survey was used to collect data from respondents (n = 433). Findings: Gender and knowledge of food additives and E numbers were found to be statistically different, as were education status and knowledge of food additives (p < 0.05). When purchasing foods, 40.0% of the respondents seldom read labels and also 34.9% were reading for each buy who verified the product's expiration date (94.2%), followed by brand name (84.8%). Sucralose, Acesulfame potassium (Ace-K) and aspartame consumption were associated with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Additionally, sulfite consumption was linked to diarrhea/constipation. Research limitations/implications: This study has some limitations. First, the study was cross-sectional, which does not allow the establishment of causal relationships for the associations found here. Second, the study was limited to one city in Turkey. Therefore, the study's findings cannot be extrapolated to Turkey. Practical implications: Nutrition education should be given by the experts, and the policies should be implemented so that food labels may be used more effectively. Furthermore, nutritional education and policies can increase the general public's awareness of food additives. Social implications: Nutrition education should be given by the experts, and the policies should be implemented so that food labels may be used more effectively. Furthermore, nutritional education and policies can increase the general public's awareness of food additives. Originality/value: Consumers must be knowledgeable about food additives and E numbers. However, the findings revealed that the majority of Turkish consumers seldom read product labels, and the use of several food additives resulted in negative health repercussions. Therefore, professionals should provide nutrition education, and legislation should be put in place so that food labels may be used more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sweet taste receptors found in oral and extra oral tissues play important roles in the regulation of many physiological functions. Studies have shown that urine volume increases during the lifetime exposure to artificial sweeteners. However, the detailed molecular mechanism and the general effects of different artificial sweeteners exposure on urine volume remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the relationship between urinary excretion and the sweet taste receptor expression in mice after three artificial sweeteners exposure in a higher or lower concentration via animal behavioral studies, western blotting, and real-time quantitative PCR experiment in rodent model. Our results showed that high dose of acesulfame potassium and saccharin can significantly enhance the urine output and there was a positive correlation between K+ and urination volume. The acesulfame potassium administration assay of T1R3 knockout mice showed that artificial sweeteners may affect the urine output directly through the sweet taste signaling pathway. The expression of T1R3 encoding gene can be up-regulated specifically in bladder but not in kidney or other organs we tested. Through our study, the sweet taste receptors, distributing in many tissues as bladder, were indicated to function in the enhanced urine output. Different effects of long-term exposure to the three artificial sweeteners were shown and acesulfame potassium increased urine output even at a very low concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current assessment estimated exposure to four low- and no-calorie sweeteners (LNCS) (aspartame, acesulfame potassium (AceK), steviol glycosides and sucralose) from beverages in Brazil, Canada, Mexico and the United States, using up-to-date nationally representative consumption data and industry reported-use level information. Two modelling scenarios were applied – the probabilistic model was guided by reported use level data, with estimated intake for an individual leveraging market-weighted average use level of a particular LNCS in any given LNCS-sweetened beverage type, while the distributional (brand-loyal) model assumed consumer behaviour-led patterns, namely that an individual will be brand loyal to a pre-determined beverage type. Consumer-only and general population intake estimates were derived for the overall population and individual age categories, and compared to the respective acceptable daily intake (ADI) as established by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) for each LNCS. The mean, 90th percentile and 95th percentile intake estimates were substantially lower than the ADI in both modelling scenarios, regardless of the population group or market. In the probabilistic model, the highest consumer-only intake was observed for AceK in Brazilian adolescents (95th percentile, 12.4% of the ADI), while the highest 95th percentile intakes in the distributional model were observed for sucralose in Canadian adults at 20.9% of the ADI. This study provides the latest insights into current intakes of LNCS from water-based non-alcoholic LNCS-sweetened beverages in these regions, aligning well with those published elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional is the property of Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Portal de Periodicos Eletronicos Cientificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The dietary exposure to low-calorie sweeteners (LCS) was estimated in a sample of pregnant Brazilian women. Consumption data were obtained with a 24-h Dietary Recall interview. Because of the uncertainty in assessing foods with LCS, they were classified into three scenarios to ensure inclusion of the 15 LCS allowed for use in Brazil: ranging from a less to a more conservative scenario. The concentration of LCS was estimated using the amount declared on the label or the maximum permitted levels and analytical determination data for table-top sweeteners. The frequency of consumption was higher for acesulfame-K, aspartame, and cyclamate. The food groups contributing the most to the consumption of LCS were non-alcoholic beverages, table-top sweeteners, confectionary and desserts. The level of dietary exposure to LCS was within the safety limit. However, continued efforts to monitor their dietary exposure are necessary given the limitations highlighted in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fat and sugar-reduced foods and beverages have become increasingly popular for a variety of reasons, mainly relating to health and wellbeing. Depending on the food or beverage, it may be difficult to reduce the fat and/or sugar content and still maintain optimal sensory properties for the specific product. One way of approaching the problem is to gain a better understanding of how a product is affected by a reduction in fat and/or sugar. This paper aims to investigate the sensory interactions between fat and sweetness perception in a chocolate-flavored milk beverage by using a descriptive analysis with a trained sensory panel. The reduction of fat significantly reduced the sweetness intensity of the chocolate milk, while the reduction of sucrose significantly decreased the cream flavor and the fruity and lactic flavor. The perception of acesulfame-K was affected by fat concentration, similarly to sucrose. These results highlight the importance of considering the effects of reducing either sugar and fat on product attributes that are not directly related to the sugar or fat.

The controversy surrounding the impact of acesulfame potassium (Ace-K) on metabolic health has been growing. Here, male C57BL/6 mice were given Ace-K for 11 weeks (sterile water as the control group, 40 mg/kg body weight as the low dose group, 120 mg/kg as the high dose group), subsequently gut microbiome and targeted metabolomics were conducted to evaluate the effect of Ace-K on host health. Gut microbiota was perturbed by Ace-K, as evidenced by the down-regulation of beneficial bacteria and the increased abundance of Collinsella associated with inflammation. Fatty acids metabolism was altered by Ace-K, as evidenced by elevated long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) in liver and serum. Notably, the reduction of related genes and proteins correlated to carnitine metabolism and hepatic carnitine metabolites by Ace-K led to a reduction in the β -oxidation of LCFAs, ultimately causing the accumulation of LCFAs. These findings uncovered new perspectives on Ace-K-induced hepatic inflammation and fatty acids accumulation. [Display omitted] • Gut microbiota was perturbed, and long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) were elevated. • Hepatic carnitine metabolites and genes, performing LCFAs oxidation, were reduced. • Ace-K can trigger the hepatic inflammation and triglyceride accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of the current study was to develop a validated FFQ to evaluate the intake of non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) in child and adolescent Asian populations. Design: Intensive and overall market research was performed to create the applicable NNS-FFQ with thirteen food categories and 305 items. Six intense sweeteners, including acesulfame potassium, aspartame, sucralose, glycyrrhizin, steviol glycosides and sorbitol, were investigated. The validity and reproducibility of the NNS-FFQ were evaluated. The validity was further assessed by examining the consistency of reported NNS intake compared with urinary biomarkers using Cohen's κ analysis. Settings: This work was considered to be relevant in Asian societies. Participants: One hundred and two children and adolescents recruited from several clinics were invited to participate in the current study. Results: High content validity indices and high content validity ratio levels were revealed for each sweetener and food category. Reproducibility among subjects was satisfactory. Significant moderate correlations between estimated steviol glycoside/sucralose consumption and sensitive urinary biomarker levels were demonstrated (κ values were 0·59 and 0·45 for steviol glycosides and sucralose, respectively), indicating that the NNS-FFQ can be used to assess an individual's NNS intake. The dietary intense sweetener consumption pattern evaluated in this measurement was similar to those observed in other Asian countries but differed from those observed in Western populations with respect to types and amounts of NNS. Conclusions: This validated NNS-FFQ can be an applicable and useful tool to evaluate NNS intake in future epidemiological and clinical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glycation refers to the non-enzymatic molecular interaction between carbonyl group of sugars and amino groups of macromolecules viz. proteins, DNA, and lipids leading to the generation of Schiff's base, Amadori products, and finally converted to deleterious advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Several diseases such as neurodegenerative or mental disorders, cardiovascular complications, as well as diabetes, and its related complications show glycated product involvement. Hyperglycemia and diabetes are the main diseases in which AGEs formation and its accumulation are enhanced and cause secondary complications. This study was performed to investigate the antiglycation and anti-aggregation potential of Food and Drug Administration-approved artificial sweeteners. The in vitro glycation system (BSA and glucose) was incubated along with artificial sweeteners viz acesulfame potassium, saccharin sodium, sucralose, aspartame, and neotame for 35 days at 37 °C. The conventional analytical methods such as browning, NBT assay, DNPH assay, and assessment of fluorescent AGEs were carried out spectroscopically to check the amount of glycation products. The presence of the mentioned artificial sweeteners in the glycation system showed inhibition of carbonyl content, total AGEs generation, and aggregation of ß-amyloid structures. On day 35, acesulfame potassium reduced carbonyl content by 62.63 ± 0.91%, total AGEs generation by 49.39 ± 0.82%, and ß-amyloid aggregation observed by Thioflavin-T assay by 43.45 ± 1.14%. The tested artificial sweeteners exhibited potential antiglycation and anti-aggregation activity in vitro in protein, BSA. They may be used as a therapeutic agent for the management of diabetes and its complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a systematically examine of randomized controlled studies in mice and rats examining effects of artificial sweeteners on gut microbiota. Based on the PRISMA declaration, 4 databases were used, namely PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCOHost and Google Scholar, and a systematic search was conducted to identify randomized controlled studies on all rats and mice published between January 1, 2000-December 31, 2020. Studies using advantam, acesulfame-K, aspartame, neotame, saccharine, cyclamate, and sucralose as artificial sweeteners are included. As a result of first screening, a total of 901 studies on mice and rats were obtained. Eleven randomized controlled trials that met the study objective and inclusion criteria were included in systematic review. Two of studies were carried out on rats and nine of them were performed on mice. No study with advantam and cyclamate meeting the inclusion criteria was found in literature. Due to small sample size, meta-analysis could not be performed. Although artificial sweeteners have an effect on intestinal microbiota in mice and rats, no clear evidence for its effect has been demonstrated. It is important to investigate how changes in gut microbiome affect human health, and therefore it is essential to increase number of randomized controlled clinical trials evaluating effect of artificial sweetener consumption on the microbiota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sweeteners are widespread primarily in the food industry. An attractive alternative to sugar. Their prevalence was driven primarily by food shortage during the war. The intense sweetener is permitted for consumption by specifying the ratio of ADI. Due to the chemical structure stands out semi-synthetic and synthetic substances. The most common sweeteners are saccharin, acesulfame-K, steviol glycosides, aspartame, xylitol. Sweet taste is guaranteed've been using a minimum amount of their low calorie. The aim of this review was to decribe the most common sweeteners The article emphasizes both advantages and diadvantages of sucrose's substitutes intake.

This research examined the intakes of six low- and no-calorie sweeteners (LNCS) (acesulfame-K, aspartame, cyclamate, saccharin, steviol glycosides, and sucralose) by the Brazilian population using an added sugar substitution approach. Detailed exposure modelling requires the use of proprietary concentration data, which can be difficult to obtain. Two exposure models were conducted using nationally representative food consumption data. The first model ('per person') estimated added sugar intakes on an individual person basis, replacing 50% of added sugar intakes >10% total energy with each LNCS considering sucrose sweetness equivalence. The second model ('per food') replaced 50% of the added sugar content in foods and beverages with each LNCS, incorporating sucrose sweetness equivalence and Brazilian tonnage data. Both models predicted that intakes would be below the JECFA ADI for five of the six LNCS in all population groups examined (≥10 years) for average and heavy consumers. For cyclamate, exceedance of the ADI was determined for all age groups amongst heavy consumers in the 'per person' model, while estimated intakes in the 'per food' model were below or reached the ADI for the cohort. Additional research is needed for younger age groups to confirm whether these findings are applicable to the entire Brazilian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acesulfame potassium (Ace-K) is one of the commonly used artificial sweeteners, keeping its sweetening property after heating or freezing encouraging its use in various products especially those consumed by children, and encounters a potential hazard for cumulative toxicity, therefore safety evaluation for its long-term exposure is necessary. A total of 90 mature and immature males Sprague Dawley rats was divided into six groups, 5 animals each: G1&G2 control untreated immature and immature rats, G3&G4 (immature and mature rats treated with Ace-k at dose of 15mg/kg. b.w) and G5&G6 (immature and mature rats treated with Ace-k at dose of 90 mg/kg. b.w), All treated rats received Ace-K via gastric intubation for 6 days per week for 10 weeks, at the end of experimental period blood samples were collected for the determination of serum amylase, lipase, and glycated hemoglobin, in addition, the pancreas was dissected for histopathological evaluation. Results revealed that chronic treatment with Ace-k induced a significant increase in weight gain in younger age treated groups compared with older ones. Pancreatic enzymes showed non-significant differences between control and treated groups at different ages while significant reduction in glycated hemoglobin was detected in older age receiving higher dose compared with other treated groups. Ace-K induced various pancreatic histopathological changes that exhibited dose dependent increase in lesions severity among treated groups. The present data revealed that chronic treatment of rat with Ace-K induced pancreatic injury. In addition, the histological hallmarks of pancreatic pathology induced by Ace-k give attention to the possible carcinogenic potential of Ace-k on pancreatic tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]